welcome we go on a diet count every calorie we eat and try to stay within
calorie we eat and try to stay within
calorie we eat and try to stay within the recommended caloric limit we lose a
the recommended caloric limit we lose a
the recommended caloric limit we lose a few pounds and after some time our
few pounds and after some time our
few pounds and after some time our weight is back again isn’t this a story
weight is back again isn’t this a story
weight is back again isn’t this a story of your life yeah two out of three
of your life yeah two out of three
of your life yeah two out of three Americans are either overweight or obese
Americans are either overweight or obese
Americans are either overweight or obese and obesity is a leading driver of many
and obesity is a leading driver of many
and obesity is a leading driver of many preventable diseases and health care
preventable diseases and health care
preventable diseases and health care costs currently in the United States
costs currently in the United States
costs currently in the United States estimates go to nearly 250 billion
estimates go to nearly 250 billion
estimates go to nearly 250 billion dollars per year and individual costs of
dollars per year and individual costs of
dollars per year and individual costs of obesity are also significant
obesity are also significant
obesity are also significant according to colors in calories out
according to colors in calories out
according to colors in calories out theory obesity is a simple matter of
theory obesity is a simple matter of
theory obesity is a simple matter of eating too many calories what’s wrong
eating too many calories what’s wrong
eating too many calories what’s wrong with it
with it
with it when looking to lose body weight many
when looking to lose body weight many
when looking to lose body weight many people cut on fat because it’s the most
people cut on fat because it’s the most
people cut on fat because it’s the most caloric component of our diet even
caloric component of our diet even
caloric component of our diet even though it’s true that weight gain is
though it’s true that weight gain is
though it’s true that weight gain is caused by caloric excess and weight loss
caused by caloric excess and weight loss
caused by caloric excess and weight loss is caused by caloric deficit this is
is caused by caloric deficit this is
is caused by caloric deficit this is still such a drastic oversimplification
still such a drastic oversimplification
still such a drastic oversimplification the fact is that different foods have
the fact is that different foods have
the fact is that different foods have different effect on our body and go
different effect on our body and go
different effect on our body and go through different metabolic pathways
through different metabolic pathways
through different metabolic pathways before turning into energy
before turning into energy
before turning into energy the real problem is focusing on caloric
the real problem is focusing on caloric
the real problem is focusing on caloric content of foods we eat and disregarding
content of foods we eat and disregarding
content of foods we eat and disregarding their metabolic effect therefore we
their metabolic effect therefore we
their metabolic effect therefore we shouldn’t automatically assume that food
shouldn’t automatically assume that food
shouldn’t automatically assume that food with low fat is better for you or will
with low fat is better for you or will
with low fat is better for you or will help you lose weight many low fat
help you lose weight many low fat
help you lose weight many low fat and fat-free foods can give you more
and fat-free foods can give you more
and fat-free foods can give you more than you bargained for why when fat is
than you bargained for why when fat is
than you bargained for why when fat is removed more sugar is added to make the
removed more sugar is added to make the
removed more sugar is added to make the food taste better and we enjoy our
food taste better and we enjoy our
food taste better and we enjoy our morning fat-free yogurt but when we do a
morning fat-free yogurt but when we do a
morning fat-free yogurt but when we do a little calculation we can see that only
little calculation we can see that only
little calculation we can see that only one serving of fat-free yogurt delivers
one serving of fat-free yogurt delivers
one serving of fat-free yogurt delivers more than 50% of daily recommended
more than 50% of daily recommended
more than 50% of daily recommended amount of added sugar at the beginning
amount of added sugar at the beginning
amount of added sugar at the beginning of our day we are already more than
of our day we are already more than
of our day we are already more than halfway through our daily limit for
halfway through our daily limit for
halfway through our daily limit for added sugar with just one cup of
added sugar with just one cup of
added sugar with just one cup of fat-free yogurt and this is just one
fat-free yogurt and this is just one
fat-free yogurt and this is just one example of fat-free foods seducing us
example of fat-free foods seducing us
example of fat-free foods seducing us during the day it is recommended to
during the day it is recommended to
during the day it is recommended to limit added sugar to 6 teaspoons for a
limit added sugar to 6 teaspoons for a
limit added sugar to 6 teaspoons for a woman and 9 teaspoons for a man per day
woman and 9 teaspoons for a man per day
woman and 9 teaspoons for a man per day but average American consumes 23
but average American consumes 23
but average American consumes 23 teaspoons per day and the recommended
teaspoons per day and the recommended
teaspoons per day and the recommended amount of added sugar is not even
amount of added sugar is not even
amount of added sugar is not even labeled in nutrition facts as a result
labeled in nutrition facts as a result
labeled in nutrition facts as a result we eat too much sugar three times too
we eat too much sugar three times too
we eat too much sugar three times too much my research team at the University
much my research team at the University
much my research team at the University of Georgia in Athens is focusing on a
of Georgia in Athens is focusing on a
of Georgia in Athens is focusing on a neural gut brain communication using rot
neural gut brain communication using rot
neural gut brain communication using rot as an animal model why rat because both
as an animal model why rat because both
as an animal model why rat because both rotten human have similar neural
rotten human have similar neural
rotten human have similar neural connections between the gut and the
connections between the gut and the
connections between the gut and the brain we are specifically interested in
brain we are specifically interested in
brain we are specifically interested in a vagus nerve because the vagus nerve is
a vagus nerve because the vagus nerve is
a vagus nerve because the vagus nerve is a two-way street between the gut and the
a two-way street between the gut and the
a two-way street between the gut and the brain signals running from the guard up
brain signals running from the guard up
brain signals running from the guard up the vagus nerve to the brain affect our
the vagus nerve to the brain affect our
the vagus nerve to the brain affect our perception of hunger and fullness
perception of hunger and fullness
perception of hunger and fullness signals running from the brain down the
signals running from the brain down the
signals running from the brain down the vagus to the gut affect digestion
vagus to the gut affect digestion
vagus to the gut affect digestion secretion of digestive enzymes and bowel
secretion of digestive enzymes and bowel
secretion of digestive enzymes and bowel movement
movement
movement therefore
therefore
therefore any interruption in avigal godwyn
any interruption in avigal godwyn
any interruption in avigal godwyn communication may lead to obesity
communication may lead to obesity
communication may lead to obesity recently God bacteria has added long
recently God bacteria has added long
recently God bacteria has added long overlooked component to the complex
overlooked component to the complex
overlooked component to the complex bi-directional signaling between the gut
bi-directional signaling between the gut
bi-directional signaling between the gut and the brain triggering a tremendous
and the brain triggering a tremendous
and the brain triggering a tremendous interest in the field of obesity
interest in the field of obesity
interest in the field of obesity research changes in a diet composition
research changes in a diet composition
research changes in a diet composition can rapidly trigger changes in a gut
can rapidly trigger changes in a gut
can rapidly trigger changes in a gut bacteria composition interestingly if we
bacteria composition interestingly if we
bacteria composition interestingly if we take god bacteria from obese animals and
take god bacteria from obese animals and
take god bacteria from obese animals and Transplant to germ-free animals with no
Transplant to germ-free animals with no
Transplant to germ-free animals with no doubt bacteria they become obese when we
doubt bacteria they become obese when we
doubt bacteria they become obese when we take out bacteria from lean animals and
take out bacteria from lean animals and
take out bacteria from lean animals and Transplant to germ-free animals they
Transplant to germ-free animals they
Transplant to germ-free animals they become lean this identifies gut bacteria
become lean this identifies gut bacteria
become lean this identifies gut bacteria as a potential driver of diet induced
as a potential driver of diet induced
as a potential driver of diet induced obesity in our recent project we
obesity in our recent project we
obesity in our recent project we investigated the effect of high-fat
investigated the effect of high-fat
investigated the effect of high-fat high-sugar and low fat high sugar diets
high-sugar and low fat high sugar diets
high-sugar and low fat high sugar diets on gut bacteria gut brain vagal
on gut bacteria gut brain vagal
on gut bacteria gut brain vagal communication and body fat accumulation
communication and body fat accumulation
communication and body fat accumulation our high-fat high-sugar diet
our high-fat high-sugar diet
our high-fat high-sugar diet imitates standard American or western
imitates standard American or western
imitates standard American or western diet while low fat high sugar diet
diet while low fat high sugar diet
diet while low fat high sugar diet mimics commonly consumed low fat
mimics commonly consumed low fat
mimics commonly consumed low fat products our results revealed that
products our results revealed that
products our results revealed that control rats consuming low fat low sugar
control rats consuming low fat low sugar
control rats consuming low fat low sugar diet didn’t gain significant amount of
diet didn’t gain significant amount of
diet didn’t gain significant amount of body fat over four weeks of the study as
body fat over four weeks of the study as
body fat over four weeks of the study as we expected rats consuming high fat high
we expected rats consuming high fat high
we expected rats consuming high fat high sugar diets gain significantly more body
sugar diets gain significantly more body
sugar diets gain significantly more body fat but surprisingly brats consuming low
fat but surprisingly brats consuming low
fat but surprisingly brats consuming low fat high sugar diet gains significantly
fat high sugar diet gains significantly
fat high sugar diet gains significantly more about different than control rats
more about different than control rats
more about different than control rats while consuming fewer color
additionally we found that rats
additionally we found that rats consuming high sugar diet needed
consuming high sugar diet needed
consuming high sugar diet needed significantly fewer calories to generate
significantly fewer calories to generate
significantly fewer calories to generate the same amount of body fat therefore
the same amount of body fat therefore
the same amount of body fat therefore you can see that color is in calories
you can see that color is in calories
you can see that color is in calories out theory is not working properly
focusing on the quantity and
focusing on the quantity and disregarding the quality of food we eat
disregarding the quality of food we eat
disregarding the quality of food we eat may be the main reason for obesity
may be the main reason for obesity
may be the main reason for obesity epidemic next we found that consumption
epidemic next we found that consumption
epidemic next we found that consumption of high sugar diets increase the
of high sugar diets increase the
of high sugar diets increase the population of entero toxic bacteria
population of entero toxic bacteria
population of entero toxic bacteria elevating levels of enterotoxin LPS and
elevating levels of enterotoxin LPS and
elevating levels of enterotoxin LPS and pro-inflammatory molecules our results
pro-inflammatory molecules our results
pro-inflammatory molecules our results revealed that this triggered gut
revealed that this triggered gut
revealed that this triggered gut inflammation increased gut permeability
inflammation increased gut permeability
inflammation increased gut permeability and fat accumulation in the liver all
and fat accumulation in the liver all
and fat accumulation in the liver all these diet induced changes may
these diet induced changes may
these diet induced changes may compromise gut function and lead to
compromise gut function and lead to
compromise gut function and lead to obesity in the last step of our study we
obesity in the last step of our study we
obesity in the last step of our study we found that rats consuming high sugar
found that rats consuming high sugar
found that rats consuming high sugar diets
diets
diets develop inflammation in the vagus nerve
develop inflammation in the vagus nerve
develop inflammation in the vagus nerve and brain centers responsible for food
and brain centers responsible for food
and brain centers responsible for food intake this altered vagal gut brain
intake this altered vagal gut brain
intake this altered vagal gut brain communication and was leading to
communication and was leading to
communication and was leading to increase body fat accumulation and
increase body fat accumulation and
increase body fat accumulation and eventual obesity so long story short we
eventual obesity so long story short we
eventual obesity so long story short we conclude that consumption of high sugar
conclude that consumption of high sugar
conclude that consumption of high sugar diets is increasing the population of
diets is increasing the population of
diets is increasing the population of pro-inflammatory bacteria in the gut
pro-inflammatory bacteria in the gut
pro-inflammatory bacteria in the gut gastrointestinal inflammation is
gastrointestinal inflammation is
gastrointestinal inflammation is triggering a cascade of events leading
triggering a cascade of events leading
triggering a cascade of events leading to inflammatory risk
to inflammatory risk
to inflammatory risk in avigal gut-brain communication and
in avigal gut-brain communication and
in avigal gut-brain communication and brain centers responsible for food
brain centers responsible for food
brain centers responsible for food intake and this is reflected by
intake and this is reflected by
intake and this is reflected by increased body fat accumulation and
increased body fat accumulation and
increased body fat accumulation and eventual obesity as you can see obvious
eventual obesity as you can see obvious
eventual obesity as you can see obvious are overweight people can just eat less
are overweight people can just eat less
are overweight people can just eat less and expect automatically to lose body
and expect automatically to lose body
and expect automatically to lose body fat eating too much sugar may be toxic
fat eating too much sugar may be toxic
fat eating too much sugar may be toxic to our body but many sugar defenders say
to our body but many sugar defenders say
to our body but many sugar defenders say that since year 2000 the sugar
that since year 2000 the sugar
that since year 2000 the sugar consumption is going down but obesity
consumption is going down but obesity
consumption is going down but obesity rates are still going up and they
rates are still going up and they
rates are still going up and they present the graph where these two trends
present the graph where these two trends
present the graph where these two trends are going in opposite directions as you
are going in opposite directions as you
are going in opposite directions as you can see it’s visual a convincing graph
can see it’s visual a convincing graph
can see it’s visual a convincing graph it let me wonder about the relevance of
it let me wonder about the relevance of
it let me wonder about the relevance of our results to obesity but many years
our results to obesity but many years
our results to obesity but many years ago I learned that if you want the truth
ago I learned that if you want the truth
ago I learned that if you want the truth then go to this source and I did I
then go to this source and I did I
then go to this source and I did I checked and in fact according to USDA
checked and in fact according to USDA
checked and in fact according to USDA data the total amount of added sugar
data the total amount of added sugar
data the total amount of added sugar consumption is declining since year 2000
consumption is declining since year 2000
consumption is declining since year 2000 but situation of obesity is looking
but situation of obesity is looking
but situation of obesity is looking slightly different according to National
slightly different according to National
slightly different according to National Center for Health Statistics the
Center for Health Statistics the
Center for Health Statistics the observed change in adult obesity between
observed change in adult obesity between
observed change in adult obesity between year 2011 and 14 was not statistically
year 2011 and 14 was not statistically
year 2011 and 14 was not statistically different
different
different additionally the obesity rate in
additionally the obesity rate in
additionally the obesity rate in children didn’t change since 2003 so you
children didn’t change since 2003 so you
children didn’t change since 2003 so you can see that obesity rates are slowing
can see that obesity rates are slowing
can see that obesity rates are slowing down since year 2000 as
down since year 2000 as
down since year 2000 as specially in children the population
specially in children the population
specially in children the population born after year 2000 and why is so
born after year 2000 and why is so
born after year 2000 and why is so important to look at the youth
important to look at the youth
important to look at the youth population because they were by average
population because they were by average
population because they were by average exposed to lower doses of added sugar in
exposed to lower doses of added sugar in
exposed to lower doses of added sugar in their diet and going back to findings
their diet and going back to findings
their diet and going back to findings from our laboratory they probably
from our laboratory they probably
from our laboratory they probably experience less damage to their liver
experience less damage to their liver
experience less damage to their liver less severe inflammation and their
less severe inflammation and their
less severe inflammation and their damage to vagal gut brain communication
damage to vagal gut brain communication
damage to vagal gut brain communication was not significant and strong enough to
was not significant and strong enough to
was not significant and strong enough to completely destroy neural mechanism of
completely destroy neural mechanism of
completely destroy neural mechanism of regulating energy intake and expenditure
regulating energy intake and expenditure
regulating energy intake and expenditure let’s look at the numbers this 80%
let’s look at the numbers this 80%
let’s look at the numbers this 80% reduction slowed down the obesity rate
reduction slowed down the obesity rate
reduction slowed down the obesity rate by an impressive 30% in adults and 45%
by an impressive 30% in adults and 45%
by an impressive 30% in adults and 45% in children so why is so difficult to
in children so why is so difficult to
in children so why is so difficult to lose body fat and stay lean because our
lose body fat and stay lean because our
lose body fat and stay lean because our neural mechanism regulating energy
neural mechanism regulating energy
neural mechanism regulating energy intake and expenditure is damaged by
intake and expenditure is damaged by
intake and expenditure is damaged by eating too much sugar while sugar is
eating too much sugar while sugar is
eating too much sugar while sugar is necessary for healthy life and the
necessary for healthy life and the
necessary for healthy life and the consumption trend is going in the right
consumption trend is going in the right
consumption trend is going in the right direction we still consume more than 300
direction we still consume more than 300
direction we still consume more than 300 percent of daily recommended amount of
percent of daily recommended amount of
percent of daily recommended amount of added sugar instead of counting every
added sugar instead of counting every
added sugar instead of counting every calorie you eat count every gram of
calorie you eat count every gram of
calorie you eat count every gram of added sugar because according to the all
added sugar because according to the all
added sugar because according to the all toxicology Maxim the dose makes the
toxicology Maxim the dose makes the
toxicology Maxim the dose makes the poison thank you very much
poison thank you very much
poison thank you very much [Applause]
[Applause]
[Applause] [Music]
”
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