innovation
I have a hard time defining this
what is innovation
so we’ll go slow on the other hand
I am convinced that open innovation
changes the economy and will change the
how trade is done
go down to explain why
so I may be going to talk
of innovation started by taking a
very simple example the post-it that all
the world knows who is an example who
has a famous story the post it has
been invented by a person who
is called steven silver who was
researcher for the laboratories of
the company 3m in the united states it has
invented a glue that did not stick and
when he invented this glue he had
the feeling the intuition actually that it
could actually field because it
could be used for something but he
did not know what
so he started going around
the company 3m explaining that’s it
I invented a glue that does not stick
what you have ideas
applications because I do not
was not leading wide where he came across
a colleague called frei art who
told him listen to me I have a problem
I go to Mass every Sunday
and I have mark pages and the
bookmark constantly falls down it me
seems like you have school could be
interesting to fix the mark
pages without it damaging online and
both actually proposed this
idea there we developed and it has
given
the post it which today obviously
something that is totally useful
to everybody
beautiful example of innovation that me
actually allows to note a definition
an attempt to define what
of innovation there are more than 40 in
In fact, more than 40
innovation is to implement
new ideas that produce the
value for users so words
keys implemented new ideas
and then value production on that
example I would like to give another
example who is he an example of open
innovation
the company netflix the company
american that you all know who
at the time in 2006 2008
produce send dvd to people
so they can watch them
netflix in 2006 is said to be necessary
absolutely we improve our
algorithm of recommendations
recommendation algorithms this is
let’s know what’s next
movie that could be interesting
for a netflix user
you liked sing in the rain
you will like the language for example you
liked avenger 4 you will like with
hard it netflix instead of restricting
the problem to his own researchers
saying we need to improve our
gold recommendation algorithm they have
does exactly the opposite they will say
do not want it to be someone
companies that improves its
algorithms we’ll go ask the
whole world to improve our
algorithm of recommendations and so he
post a challenge on the internet
in ten years we are offering a million
dollars to any person or any group
which will improve the performance of
our current algorithm of
recommendations $ 1 million
when he posts this challenge on
Internet
a day later there is already someone
which has a performance algorithm
higher
a week later and already three
groups that have found solutions
better and then netflix will
continue to maintain this challenge
for over a year and at the end so
two years in which to
challenge was posted they received
more than 40 thousand answers that
come from 140 countries across the
world with performance clearly
greater than netflix
dancing flavors is an example
emblematic of open innovation in the
extent where instead of doing like 3m of
to rely on solutions and
ideas internal to the company netflix
not deliberately searched for ideas
outside and solutions to
outside the company so
the implementation of these said their
new ideas
she comes from outside and so by
example we are talking about now
crowdsourcing so it’s fetching
ideas from the crowd
and then naturally today
how are we going to look for
ideas outside we go a lot
appeal to social networks and so
all the technologies that are
develops around social networks
to try to understand what
is the content within these
social networks do analysis of
trends do data analytics
do feelings analysis around
social networks on
technologies that is developing for
integrate new ideas
innovation for companies
gone for ideas now the
implementation is not another aspect
which is also fundamental m while
if I take another example he
is the example for the implementation of
open source
open source is an idea that is not
not new it’s an idea actually that
developed in the early years
80 someone named spelman
work and waimes haiti that is said here
is not normal that now that the
software and hardware start to
to dissociate it’s not normal that the
software that is creation
intellectual belong to a few
microsoft companies at the time that
is a booming company
and so stoneman says it must absolutely
find a way to make sure
pool its new resources that
are the software and so it creates the
not on the story that took a certain
time to grow but he creates he
is actually causing the world of
open source
open source what are these software
that can be freely used
condition a condition absolutely
fundamental that is if we if we
improve it at that moment we have
the obligation to surrender it to
available to other users and
other developers that’s
80 years
key element today of setting
work of any software innovation
there are other elements that I
could spend a few seconds are
some other key elements of setting
innovation implementation another
key element if the knowledge of
overall way not just of the
software that can be all that can
to be science can be
user behaviors that can
to be a lot of things
there is a movement that is developing ten
years after the open source that
develops in the 90s that
is called the word the movement of the open
access open access what is this
that it is at the beginning of
scientists who say knowledge
that we produce based on our
research it’s an acquaintance who
must belong to everyone
indeed it is an acquaintance who
often in party was funded by
taxes it’s not normal that
this recognition is not
disseminate as widely as possible to
more people possible and so they
create this movement of open access which
continues to develop today
and which makes that there are more and more
accessible knowledge so
free another element of setting
very important work for the
of innovation it is the turn of the objects
materials around material objects
if you invent yourself for example do not
was not a connected toothbrush
or wanted to invent a purifier
of water you’re going to need a moment
to make prototypes to make
objects of which there is someone who is
very iconic called neil
gershenfeld who work in haiti
who created a lab called
laboratory of the anatole peaks which
finally tries to replicate in the
world of objects what open source has
done in the software world
what is it that the beats
allow at the level of open source
the atoms could also the
allow level of world objects
real is to him that we owe the idea the
fab lab concept
fab lab uses technologies
news like for example the
additive manufacturing but many others
full of other technologies
news that makes it possible to
resources that are pooled from
prototyping manufacturing and who are going
allow to create objects from
of knowledge and from
of elements we will borrow from
right to left as we do for
open source software
and then there are two elements
fundamentals again I do not have
mentioned for implementation a
fundamental element is money in
general when we innovate a moment
given we need money well
today thanks to the internet there are some
new ways to raise money
that they were invented from
platforms like kiss kiss bang bang or
like like others that allow for
a project that can be a project
technology that can be a project
corporate but who can be as
an artistic project a project
artistic to simply call upon
the crowd to have money and so
the crowd can give a euro
one hundred thousand euros depending on the means
depending on the project and not just
money a little bit as given
ideas can also give feedback on
a user experience can
give advice and so this is a
way of using
shared resources to be able to
implement a project last
element of implementation that we
seems fundamental is the human is
obviously we can not innovate alone
needs for its to innovate with
people and so around that there are
also new practices
they are implemented and which are in
developing in particular
platforms that will allow
find people a platform among
others is called freelancer I
chose this one a good reason
specific
it uses this word will answer
we talk today about freelens
economic
says that the economy is in the process of
transform that the world of work is
in the process of transformation and that
more and more people today work
as self-entrepreneurs as
that freelance hours we say that in 2020
50% of Americans work 50%
of them will have at least one job in
spinning so this is a phenomenon that is
developing in a way
considerable so all this news
all these new phenomena that are
declines in the society in which
we live
they have a considerable influence
around innovation
it means that they are ovations
always the same thing for her does
call for resources that are
totally new resources all
completely new to generate
new ideas of resources
totally new to put in
implement his ideas with a whole bunch of
news and poems technical of
new resources that is growing
around the world
so all that may seem like a little
little mess it may seem a little
difficult to grasp
so I would like to try to clarify a
little bit the source of all tried to
to identify four ideas that are
finally common to all these
phenomena that are happening
produce simultaneously
the first idea is that we are
more in a world that must resonate
global or local we are in a world
must resonate with both dimensions
local and global
people today who is talking about
protectionism or the people who speak
globalization today
in my opinion did not understand anything these are
the two who are in the process of
produce today it takes today
to be able to network global and
local
it is entirely possible that by
example when we’re struggling
3d printing we do it locally
with sources that are local and
then we will go get a design to
the other end of the world if the design to
the other end of the world is interesting
the second strong idea is that everything
it’s all these phenomena make calls
more and more at what is called
collective intelligence
the sum of the intelligences of each of the
individuals is clearly superior
finally when it is shared
when it is shared it is
perfectly obvious in the case of
open source
it will gradually become the case
in the open hardware and in the concept
fab lab
the third strong idea around that
is that there is a must
today and you have to know how to master
new language elements your
elements of knowledge that are
on the one hand the technologies
information and communication and
on the other hand I would really like
insist on it
data science how do
data today are available
how to treat them
how the aggregates how the
analytes and how to visualize them
how to interact with this data that
becomes an element of knowing
absolutely fundamental for today
any student or anyone who
wants to continue to grow in this
in this world I will add another
resource that in my opinion is
indispensable is English
today de facto is the language
universal I’m totally for the
defense of French but also
learn to become bilingual
the angle has become a resource
universal and then the last element
that I would like to mention is what
the common are called the common
it’s a notion actually
ancient extremely ancient and that is
in the process of becoming relevant again
what is a common in the example
of a village in which flows in
which flows a river a river
it’s a common
it is a common good that does not belong to
person and who belongs to all the
world and that is important for all the
world and all these resources that are
developing is resting in
largely in large part on
commonplace that constitutes by
open source example the common that
could tomorrow constitute the design of
all the objects that could be manufactured
learn 3d printing etc
the common who are the skills
used when using
freelancers so that’s common are in
developing their understanding are
becoming a source
inexhaustible maybe or maybe
no tomorrow’s innovation so he
must maintain requires the
feed and so that brings me to my
last point which is that how
it innovates fact that today draws
on new resources that are
collective resources
he’ll know he’ll have to know
maintain and develop and for
finish I would like to refer
since that’s all in one
economic world should do
reference to someone you know
all karl marx who described in a
extremely lapidary formula how
the capitalist economy works
a schema that called him to m a
the capitalist economy is instead
to use the money to exchange
goods have made the reverse we take
money have created goods
and you get more money
it is the accumulation of capital
that’s what marx described in his
works
there is today we are in the process of
to enter a new world in a
new economic world that we can
call solidarity economy that we can
call economy share that can
call in a whole lot of ways
the father’s economy any au pair
peer
this new economy it stays at
to invent but it is invented today
it is today that open innovation
and all these currents that I showed
are developing
and it’s up to us
to invent that economy that will
maybe a mix of old and
this economy but it’s a
new economy that absolutely must
understand
thank you
[Applause]
[Applause]
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