changes very quickly and today what
we often hear about it
the bionic man of the grown man
artificial limbs
I’ll go a little bit contrepied
of all this and I’m going to talk to you about
prostheses of lower limbs than
theses members to do elsewhere
despite all that remains a member
artificial and I will introduce you
these aspects under biomechanical rock and
I also told you about
the apparatus which is a beautiful job
to adapt a system
artificial to a person well
special to replace anatomy
that she lost before talking to you
of two mechanicals I would just like
have some words on the handicap the
disability is a notion that is ex the
understands better and better today
and disability can be defined under
three aspects or in any case have three
shutters to the concept of disability
the first most important thing
it is the life project of a person
second thing is that this person
it is an individual he is unique
to have differences between hop there I
can influence this disability
and this handicap it will have effects
which will be more or less important
according to the environment in
which the person in a situation of
disability lies society in
which evolves the society that is going
limit the barriers or who will try
to limit his disability or who
contrary is not going to do much
for her a company that will decide
to take charge of this disability a
level higher or lower than the
disability that is basically a
limitation of his interaction with his
environment will affect
all of these three components or me I
works in a laboratory of
biomechanics and suddenly the
biomechanics I tell you about it
now
this is one of the disciplines that we
allows to take a little interest in
these three components are interested in the project
of a person’s life at the activities
that they realize to be interested in
individual specificities of the
nobody we are dealing with and
to be interested or
maybe not directly society
but in any case to the environment in
which these people evolve then
biomechanics is a discipline
engineering science but who gets
found at the border with the
life sciences then the
biomechanics that are interested in
a lot of two difference fields
and that’s also and more in my case
a tool that allows us to
to be interested in locomotion the
locomotion it may seem extremely
banal but ultimately it is an activity
which is extremely complex because of
fact that our musculoskeletal system is
extremely complex and constitutes a
multi os different joints his
joints will be controlled by
a multitude of mu in pink you have
some musset a diagram that
represents the action of musks it says
mono articular so muscles August
the joint to have agonists and
antagonists and joints
will depend on the battle between
these two walls also have other
so-called so-called articular muscles
who are there we violated so control
the movement of two joints
successive to two who are extremely
important at the level of the thigh and a
which is also very important at
calf level that will control at the
time the movement of the foot and the
ankle but at the same time the
knee movement in the case of a
amputation so a person will lose
part of his lower limbs if
this amputation takes place above the
knee will keep or in any case the
surgeon will try to keep at
maximum mono articular muscles
but on the other hand at the level of the muscles
which was well articular the
surgeon will reshape the member
future residuals and between his muscles
well articular and this time his
muscles are not going to have any more action
that on the residual hip of the
person and after the craft of their
prosthetic rate it’s going to be
design an interface between the member
residual of the person who has been
amputated
we will call one by car and the
manufacturer of prosthetic devices
his goal is going to be to replace
the part of the musculoskeletal system that
is lost by devices
artificial at the knee we go
to assemble joints with
shareholders who can be
hydraulic at the foot level we have
so much muscle so much water
so many ligaments of
time so today the solution the
more efficient and better performing
it is to replace this set of backs
and solid by one system but
which is going to be deformable and thumb
training will enable him to
magazines and energy and the
then restore in biomechanics one
has extremely powerful tools
thanks to this evolving world and so
we use the techniques we can
today see in the animation or
in the cinema that consists of measuring
human movement so this is one to
come on said it’s a very old
discipline but who today is
completely computer
we will be able to measure in 3D the movement
is completed the speeds of the
accelerations and at the same time couple
and his analyzes the measure of action
mechanics exercised to man on his
environment and especially on the ground of the
blow when designing a component
prosthetic today what we
seeks to do is to quantify the
movement of a person
asymptomatic quantify the movement
of a person who is paired
identify the limits and
compensations that its components are going
introduce that by either focusing on
strings of rigid solids or at
systems that are going to be formats
parallel of these analyzes that one can
do on a person who is
paired what one seeks to do
it is to develop models
whether it is experimental or
digital that go into a first
time help us understand how
can work an artificial limb
how can this mechanical assembly
help us to walk
and in a second time exploiting
its digital models what we
seeks to do is optimize the
response of these systems in two
objectives for example we can try
optimize an existing component for
other activities of life
daily so make running
people who until now do not
could or had sought to
optimize its components not for a
young sportsman but for people
who can be aging and
present other pathologies
today at the level of what we
calls for limb prostheses
lower there is a gold standard that
is used and day by people
who are paired and he is going
provide high level of the knee
yielded two systems that are piloted
by microprocessors
suddenly within the prosthesis
you have a multitude of sensors that
will allow to estimate to recover
information and estimate the
situation in which one finds oneself
the information will be repatriated
to a microcontroller that will
embed different algorithms and which
will come via small
shareholders change the answer
mechanics of a system typically one
will come to pilot hydraulic valves
to allow more or less braking
important according to them is what
the person going down the stairs is this
that she is walking is this
that she is walking at a great speed
or a reduced speed to sit down
helped downhill on the slopes
prosthetic that’s what I you
spoke earlier these are
men who are very bad at
composite materials to win in
rigidity in lightness and that will
allow the person to move
on different environments
urban and system there today we
know it they have brought a lot
to people who are amputees to our
days he will have to improve the quality of
life and improve their safety
typically knees with
microprocessors if you stumble the
prosthesis will see it
and rather than leaving you
completely fallen she will you
brake and prevent you from getting
fall to the ground however at the level
of 2 and current components and y
persistent difficulties and
people when we make them talk they
will tell you that they have
difficulties not on a good ground
the horizontal well they will tell you
that the difficulties they appear
when she moves outside of
their house part of these difficulties
will come from a lack of adaptation
foot and ankle
we can imagine that a foot that has a
Fixed rigidity that will be fixed
during the phase as slow will do
that your toes will have trouble getting
get off the ground and when you go
built up a slope it will pique
increase your risk that your
toes touching the floor and driving the
fall
you go down a slope and your
foot to a stiffness that is intended for
of the flat march in December of
slope
the stiffness will be too high your foot
will be too late flat what will do
that you are going to be longer on
the corner of the heel and of course you
increase your risk of slipping
to certain situations like the
down stairs and there rigidity
she is scheduled to walk on the
flat us with our muscles one is
able to permanently change the
equivalent stiffness of the other ankle
whoever has paired she is going
have to make up for this adaptation to
tablecloths by adopting strategies
which are going to be specific to
to account in fact one must imagine
you go down a staircase with
ski boots you have a stiffness
which is way too important
the only way to replace the movement
from your ankle it’s going to be putting
the middle of your foot on the nose of the
walk and do the rocking around
doorbell
that’s what it looks like
who has gone today
she will be permanently obliged to
aim the middle of the walk the nose of
walking with the middle of his foot
to allow his shin to move to
above this then walking in the
world there is a lot of
development and works that seeks
to solve these problems
today you have solutions or
hydraulics we will seek to put
microprocessors inside these
hydraulic systems to replace the
ankle is likewise systems
motorized which will therefore change the
position this ankle and bring in
energy to the user we have
rather sought to leave on a
concept a little different I had
took the time at the very beginning of you
talk through joint muscles
because both the two twins so
which is our calf so one of the
bigger muscles in our legs is a
well articulated muscle it’s a muscle
which is inserted above the knee
and that comes in after the
ankle so we left this
principle there we drew on a
paper sheet a life system
joint with a joint at
knee an ankle joint and
we imagined a hydraulic actuator
connecting the two joints
connected hydraulically which allows for
transfer energy between the knee and
ankle and after we have sensors
a microcontroller that will us
to pilot the answer
mechanics of this device
we worked with different
laboratories in europe
as a first step to equip our
first prototypes with a multitude
of sensors
so it was not necessarily very
attractive at first collect
information and create first
algorithm that allowed us to
spot in our cycle of walking
from these same sensors in them
interviewing at specific times
of this cycle of walking and ben actually one
is constantly trying
to estimate the situation in which the
no one happens to have felt that this
the situation in which we are still
should we bring the right adaptation to
good time so thanks to a project that
was financed by the agency
National Research Council was unable to
work with different centers
clinical and during this project on
pictures you have left in fact
people were
asymptomatic and people
matched in situations
they meet daily
can bring them difficulties
to walk in on the stairs
in slopes and what we are looking for
it’s measuring the compensation they
are obliged to set up for
cross these and see how we
fits
what are the changes
mechanical that we bring ourselves and
on the video you have on the right it’s
one of the prototypes where we tried the
first adaptations that we could
set up so you see the
person climbing a staircase
show a slope as you go
of the slope
the position of his ankle actually goes
adapt to the evolution of 70 and in
descent of stairs the movement of the
ankle that is allowed in the end
is only due to the fact that the
nobody is using his
knee is the knee knew that we are in
a staircase of the blow she only does
pass this information to the ankle
reproduces the action of this muscle bj
articular and allows this movement of
game reflection
to go further and further we are in
a world that moves extremely fast
in this system there are some
electronic components that listened
5 to 6 years ago ten times a hundred times the price
which costs today and so we know
that in this world in perpetual
evolution we will be able to go more
further afield and we wish we
that we go into real life and that
these technologies serve to
people in their daily lives
[Applause]
”
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