understand how to work on the
planet mars will allow us to
decipher the lost archives of the
earth so to do that I’m going to
serve instruments that are on board
of the curiosity robot its many
cameras to be able to take you in
this trip so this robot and on march
since 2000 March 12 is not the door to
side
these 400 million kilometers its nine
month of travel
and yet everyday we communicate
with him via the airwaves
electromagnetic in 15 minutes either
about the same time as he
need to do a tedx conference
so as you all know march and
like all the planets of the
solar system an old lady of
more than 4.5 billion years but
she is the only one with the earth to be
in the habitable zone the habitable zone
that is to say, she is at a
distance from the sun which is such that its
surface temperature would allow
the existence of liquid water condition
needed to hatch the living and
yet as you may know
mars is a frozen block all frozen
extremely desert
she lost liquid water on her surface
so she lost her nice balance
while the land on which we
live and in the same area and the
blue planet and who kept this
superb balance but yet the
earth is not perfect either because if
we have fun telling the story of the
earth on a book that would make a
hundred pages well we are bad
because we miss the 10
first pages you see the earth
she was born like all planets
4.5 billion years ago and 4.5
to the present day the top 5 1500
first millions of years eh ben on
has virtually no trace of it
virtually lost all traces of
first continents which is that they are
appeared on planet earth and that’s
well annoying because it is this
time there that life appeared on
earth so he’ll have to find a
trick
he’ll have to find a trick is
why do not we have his first 500
million years because on earth
there is a process called the
plate tectonics and who will
rejuvenate the face of the earth by
permanence so she’s going to clift and she’s going
lose her memory she’ll be
amnesic and unlike those
there and of course March
there is no plate tectonics so
what we hope when we go on march
it is to read in the archives of March the
past lost from the earth at the time of march
where for about forty years of
many probes have succeeded each other and have
allowed to establish a map already
topographic then on this planisphere
that you see the warm colors
correspond to the roles of the relief
high above zero until
12000 meters above sea level
blue correspond to reliefs
deep so below zero
up to minus 5 mm what do you notice
the entire southern hemisphere of the planet
March
it’s an extremely high plateau
high very flat cratered everything to
lunar fact this plateau is extremely
of old see all these lands that
you see in yellow they have between 4.5 and
3.7 billion years so that’s
almost 60% of the March area that
is old is all we do not have
on earth you also see that a
equator extremely signals see
also on the left a volcanic bulge
absolutely prodigious from which pierces four
white buttons that are volcanoes
gigantic whose mill that makes 20
kilometers of altitude which is the most
high volcano of the solar system and finally
you have a plain to the north that is
much newer and that is very
deep compared to the trays of
the southern hemisphere
so in fact 6 March to all these
characteristics so ex exaggeration
vertical of its reliefs while she
is twice as small as the earth
everything is twice as big every
ancient lands are extremely
developed precisely because
that there was no tectonic
plates
so geological history moment
March can be summed up in three big
periods the name gets the hope
Amazon is the maintenance that will us
interest by what corresponds to
this very old period where life
might have appeared on earth so
the cantonal noachian to scrutinize
lands of the southern hemisphere martian
so these highlands cratered on
saw absolutely fabulous stigmas
what are river valleys
dendritic that proves that one has to
that era sank in abundance to
the surface of march
even to the point that we think these
rivers would have nurtured an ocean in
the boreal part of the hemisphere
north of the planet march
something else in this southern hemisphere
on its cratered trays we find
full of clay what is a
clay you take a basalt that you
put in the water for thousands
of years and ben actually it’s going to get
dissolve it will turn into clay
which is a mineral waterlogged so we
opposite direction if you find clays
on the surface of a planet is that
the water ran for thousands
thousands of years and then after
so we therefore conclude that in this
early March primitive period ago
a tropical climate show huts too
humid the atmosphere was rather
thick with lots of clouds like on
earth and 3.7 billion years
climate disaster
what is happening big
volcanoes erupt
ddd with the sulfide fumes
absolutely toxic
and then the magnetic field stopped
the magnetic field of a planet
this is what allows the planet to
keep her atmosphere around her
if the magnetic field disappears
the atmosphere tends to
volatilize and at that moment this is the
contrary to the effect of making the effect of
greenhouse that we are experiencing
currently the only opposite
so he starts doing cold little
the art if I dare to say and the pressure
atmospheric fall so that
liquid water no longer exists
of the planet
there is water, but under
form of ice or in the form of gas and
so march became from this
moment there the fridge in
spitalier that we know so in
summarized finally march march so
she lost that balance so related
to this climate catastrophe but by
against it’s an old no book t
she in memory of her origins this
which is exactly the opposite for the
earth since the earth actually
she did not have this disaster
she allowed beings
unicellular with evolution on
happens to the men we are who in
robot right on march but by
against her lost the memory of her
origins so the purpose of the missions
Martian people is to say to each other 6 March
known the emergence of life in the same
time on earth can we find
traces of this emergence in
very ancient lands of the planet and
so we will look for molecules
organic, especially in leaflets
of clay all the families if we can
to be me clay on their face
to remove blackheads the
clays it’s hardware pumps
organic
so it’s in the clays that we go
look for this race so two conditions
it was necessary to choose a terrain
so extremely in his
the southern hemisphere of mars that see
orange and we chose the crater of
mouth that a crater that is 150 km from
diameter
it’s deep you see crosses in
blue but especially in the middle there is a
magical mountain called Mount
sharp
it’s a mountain of clay in leaflets
which is more than 5000 meters high
and that’s the raft of the mission
that’s where we all wanted
go to look for these molecules
organic
it needed something else it needed a
ultra sophisticated robot whose class is
early in the night the mission was seeing
curiosity off the mount sharp with the
dune cord our ultimate destination
henin we are in a class at d-2
so on hbo it’s an amazing robot
it’s almost a ton
he has six-wheel drive he has a big
arm 45 kg and in amenas and you see
at the top of the mast a as their the laser
canes on which I work is a
french laser on an american robot
it’s the first time you have to
know it
in faith this type of laser in space
able to analyze the rocks to
distance the rocks the ground all that
you want then next to this
instrument there are nine others all
those all so sophisticated one
that the others in particular we have another
Franco-American instrument that allows
to measure the young man
know what carbon nitrogen phosphorus
oxygen suffers it’s all
trace elements at the base of the living
so this other instrument is
extremely important too
and then we have 17 pairs of eyes 17
cameras that allow us to scrutinize
actively soil the planet mars
then you will tell me fifteen minutes
to exchange but we do not play with the
robot like with a joystick how does that
is going on you have ten instruments you
have 50 researchers per instrument that
makes five hundred people who all
days must put put themselves
agree for the goals set to
this robot so how do we even
robot he works all day
and when he goes to bed we get
wake up we get all the data
in burst we are in thematic group
or in an instrumental group we get organized
in brigade it is extremely military
we see scrolling this red cursor we do not
can not be late
and there you see it’s a day when he
are some French women who
work on the laser curiosity is
so we get together and we will prepare the
next day and late night
for us French people because we have to
be coordinated with the Americans
well we will send everything we want
to make robots do in the day
no more even a forgiveness so in
summary we land at the bottom this crater
at point 1 and we did this
way to points 4 there we are in
this moment at the foot of the sharp mountain 17 km in
5 years top speed cac 40 cm per
time we’re not going very fast and on this
path
so we first met all the
elements proving that there was
a river fossils the river peace
suitcases after other items we
prove to have fallen to the bottom
of a dry lake
finally we crossed a dune cord and
we are at the foot of the mountain sharp so I
will show you
these samples so here they are
costs lamerat conglomerates these are
rocks that trace a river
fossils you are bathing the summer in
torrents you see that the current
of the torrent will blunt the pebbles
who become pebbles and you are
also tickled by small
clay particles so now
imagine that the torrent is coming to an end
for thousands of years the rock
which will result from this drying up
it’s a conglomerate so a revenge
with a clay sim and lots of little ones
pebbles you have that kind of rock on
the geologist field t rès
alien you know that there is a
river after we went in this
field it was like a little
bowl that will be upholstered by d’annahj
absolutely magnificent clay
reddish we made our first
boreholes see wide it is oxidized in
surface reduced in depth and after
we did lots of india analyzes
sophisticated and in one of these boreholes
we found see the small molecule
hexagonal hexachlorobenzene which
proves that at this point there was a
substrate of organic materials to
define but in any case we had a
little carbon after we will be forgiven
I’m sorry after we are
arrived at the dunes on time
but one on march is extraordinary
they are all black dune cords
because on march
there is no quartz there is no
carbonate that gives the yellow color
gives sand dunes on land in
does the sands are made of small
ferrous magnesium minerals such as
dark green olive green curtain tea so
the baths of one are extremely dark
and like the air and we are not turbulent
but undergoes low laminar flow
you have this trap space is
absolutely wonderful and then we have
crossed also landscapes of this type one
would say to new mexico to santa fe there
where there are cowboy movies you
see these twelve clay slope
surmounted by kalt bands of chalk
extremely hard
so that’s still landscapes that
we finally crossed we are
arrived a few months ago
and there on this little cartoon see the
robot curiosity well we are on the
formation of murray at the foot of the mount
Charles Onians foot of this colossus to
clay feet if I dare to say of this
stack of clay and we multiply on
multiply the drilling to find
look for this breed of molecules
organic
we have found once we go
find
we have three years left to try to
see if we will find these molecules that
would be maybe how would I say
elements that would prove to us
maybe life appeared on
March
so when we do geology on
March I often like to call back
this this word of the first
cosmonauts coming back from the moon and
who said we thought we were discovering the moon
we discovered the earth and we
believe discover March
but what we hope is to discover
our origins the origin of the living on
Earth
”
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