to my first
at home because
during a bet it’s not that I was a
very good player but my dad was
a player even worse than me at 16
arrived the first computers
who knew how to play chess and his
computers was beating my dad at all
the shots and the less he was beating let’s say
Too often I was first
the age at which one begins to read
baudelaire edgar poe is precisely edgar
poe wrote a fascinating news about
the chess game called the player
of doctor chess it’s actually
of a kind of chess scam
a small machine that is presented
like an automaton knowing how to play
failures in which in reality is
hidden a year
the first mechanical computer was coming
to be invented and stations poses a
staggering question he says is it
it’s easier to basically have a
pack to design a machine that is
able to calculate speedily
thousands of operations ethical pace
a computer or to have a machine that
played chess and
immediately he concludes that it is
totally impossible to have a
machine who do I know in chess
because we have to take into account everything
the context the shot according to the player
adversary and that’s when we can
to design a machine that knows how to calculate
at full speed and eddie a machine
who could play chess is
totally impossible
and if it exists and it would be the most
extraordinary invention of humanity
the year after my philosophy teacher was
stirred a back on the computer that does not
did not think he was just a
tool and that is obviously outdated
by the human being on animals that
as said the maps were
machines programmed only by
their instinct and who therefore had no
intelligence or at least in
intelligence present a
nature difference with
human intelligence and I had
under the eyes my dog who every
days without wanting to invalidate the
conclusions that maps and I had a
computer that knew how to play enough
good at chess to beat me this is
where I wanted to start
understand all this and where I learned
to program to know where was coming from
ultimately this intelligence or
was wrong skin and
incidentally my teacher of philosophy you
know that today computers beat
commonly even the world champion
In chess
even when programs are
developed by programmers who
are very average at chess games
himself therefore the question that arises
that’s where the intelligence if it is
in the machine and the revolution
digital is that when
the intelligence finally we are obliged
to admit that she is inside
of the machine
it happened in the 90s
since the really important things
which are more or less important which
have arrived first computers
have multiplied their speed of calculation
by a factor between 100000 1 million
is sacred what is called the
numerical revolution
and then on a more personal level I
founded a family
I had two children I had a new
dog and in 2005 I created my
business
speechi whose purpose is precisely
to use these new technologies
digital devices to improve the school and
what immediately marked me
when I started this business it’s
that finally school for 15 years
try to teach children how
use digital technologies
they are given tablets of
computers interactive whiteboards that
do I know yet but she does not
do not learn how these machines are
programmed designed developed thinking
basically the school focused on
uses rather than focusing
on the principles ie the
programming that is at the heart of these
machines doing this she undoubtedly makes
completely wrong road
because what’s important to them
children for the mastery of the world who
surrounds them is to understand the
principles still knows exactly how
if to learn the operation
a car was passed to people
only their driving license
it would not help us understand how
the cars run at the works
the school is facing a difficult task
because it’s already difficult for
she right now learning to read
write count
but eventually she should learn
to read write count is programmed
what is one more goal the
kids today have to learn
the algorithms he has to learn
how to design them how to code them
how to program them and so that’s it
the stakes the stakes of the school today
in the united states
we all know that 90 % of students
sciences to follow follow a training
very advanced in programming
more advanced level computer under
some aspects that the problems
of computers that are given to
students from our schools
engineers and aim them at all
to become computer scientists are
science students po the goal it’s
really improve their account the
understanding of today’s world
in each era there was his matter
in the Middle Ages you have the Latin that has
allowed he who gives access to the
religion to the right to medicine the
culture at the time of the revolution
industrial
that is when the forces of the
machines replaced the human arms
and animal force at the time of the
industrial Revolution
you had the boom of science to
school mathematics science
physical
all these sciences that ultimately serves
to improve the techniques of
production of the machines itself to
to advance them
today at the time of the
digital revolution ie at the
moment when artificial brains are
replacing brains
humans and ben computer
aso center it’s not about creating
a generation of computer scientists not
more than it was to create a
generation of Latinists or a
generation of mathematicians yet
once it’s all about giving
to students how to master the
world around them then there are other
thing happened
simultaneously during these fifteen or
last twenty years
is that computing has become a
basic science what they
were not previously fundamental
that means she has infused in
all the sciences and that she is
essential to mastering the
most of the sciences of the cases the
more well known are medicine and
biology but it’s also true that
physics in chemistry
if I take for example nobel prize 2013
of chemistry it was given not
for a fundamental discovery in
chemistry but he rewarded a
algorithm a program designed in the
the 70’s which finally allows a
iron chemist on his computer
the equivalent of what they were doing
before in his kibbutz and simulate
a chemical reaction from a to z of
extremely accurate way
in the 70s this program was
totally useless because it was necessary
weeks sometimes months or
years to simulate reactions
very simple but with the explosion of the
power of machines
chemists use it today
to simulate hundreds of thousands
of reactions faith and therefore the best
chemist today it’s more the one
who is watching his test tube change from
color is the one who conceives the
best algorithm to simulate
tens of thousands of reactions
interesting and probably also the
best algorithm to select
among all these simulations
what are the reactions when we
really successful what are those
who had a good performance
which ones have been
atypical and we can see how the
heavy algorithm finally changes
even the most science
fundamental then what are the
consequences of all this for our
kids for school finally first
our children like us are surrounded
of programmed objects and it’s something
something that will continue to increase
but in the face of these objects they are in
a position of passive consumers
not to say sometimes prey a
child going on google and seen by
google as an advertising resource
google seeks to serve him the best
advertising banners possible and that’s
very effective since you know we
knows that a child spends less than one
minute on google before clicking
an advertisement on facebook if I take
the example of facebook is exactly
the same thing
the child is finally seen as a
keyboard alive it enters data
that will allow facebook to
target perfectly
so on facebook that all his
community of friends so ultimately
the child is an interface prisoner
user who were designed by
other programmers he is he is
a little slave and the choice of school
for children the challenge is it is
that our children will be programmed or
will they be programmed
what did we do to our
side two months ago we created the
first computer course intended for
colleges that helps to learn
computer science with robots this curriculum
begin to be broadcast in
national education since since
some months
computing in the sense of
programming is on the agenda of the
college and we will also create in
next three years 500 schools on
the whole of France
so what are we taught in these
schools I would say there are two key words
it’s fun and practical fun because
that children are delighted to play
finally with his robots the
build them move
the robots are equipped with sensors that
allows them to take into account their
environment and so children
love it concretely because we
was trying to pull all our examples from
the environment of the children of the life of
everyday
children make cars
smart cars his driver
algorithms that prevent
vehicles to enter one in the
other
vacuum cleaners that go everywhere
robots that arranges who know how to take
the objects to put them away we also have a lot
examples that came out of
the observation of nature
we have a whole curriculum on the march
like for example this little dog
and so finally lying down go them
children program in the set of
their curriculum
about fifty robots that their
report something this is the
understanding of connected objects
programmed that are in their
environment
the purpose of these courses is not a goal
professional
the purpose of these is exactly like
when you register your child a
piano Lesson
the goal is not that they become a
professional musician but develop
certain artistic qualities
reading ears but
that’s exactly the same thing
seek above all to make him
develop three great qualities that
are necessary to understand
IT or that allows to acquire
understanding of computing
the first thing is the ability to
solve children’s problems
are in front of brick cards
sensors motors
and they have to solve a problem
by themselves think for themselves
to arrive at the result
the second thing is thought
criticize everything they did
the computer know it from elsewhere
even those who have gone from computer
know it
a program never works from the first
blow a program
the child is faced with an object
who should walk but who does not
does not work and so he has to criticize
his reasoning
it is very useful and besides
it’s even more useful than the school
French learns very little to do
that and the third thing is the
creative thinking
because even for a very problem
simple in computer there are 500 way
to solve it and so we see very
very quickly how children
develop their own style their
own ability to solve
problems it’s different between all
between all the kids that cape yesterday the
children
finally it is the capacity of the world
intuitive understanding of objects
connected around them a knowledge too
very quickly that their parents do not
do not know because as soon as
first courses kids are able
to understand things about robots
which will remain very very obscure for
for parents
and so that’s good he’s really it’s a
knowledgeable guy it’s a gain
cultural I insist on the word cultural
because we usually justify
teaching computer science under
the professional angle then that’s right
that today a good computer scientist in
every country in the world is protected
against the against unemployment is only
we are talking about courses that are aimed at
to kids who are college or
high schools and the spirit of the school
French School of Just Jules
ferry is not to consider that the
children are human tools we
prepares the best possible for
the company sees the environment
in which they go
work a decade more
late the goal of the school is to create
independent free citizens
able to understand the world capable
if possible if possible to have a
impact so that to advance
the whole of society and for peace
rhdp to perpetuate the reality of the
of democracy that’s why we have
called our algae schools will have algo
for algorithms and agoras in
tribute to the school of Athens at the
transmission of classical knowledge and
democracy must be passed
computing in the heart of the city
France is much behind in this
field
a quarter of the planet is connected to the
web and only those who know program
and can act
thank you
”
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