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Why not follow the program? What lawyers can teach us about AI | Catrin Fflur Huws | TEDxAberystwyth


well I’m going to talk about this

well I’m going to talk about this afternoon is why not to follow the

afternoon is why not to follow the

afternoon is why not to follow the program and specifically all lawyers can

program and specifically all lawyers can

program and specifically all lawyers can teach us about artificial intelligence

teach us about artificial intelligence

teach us about artificial intelligence lawyers those people who dressed like

lawyers those people who dressed like

lawyers those people who dressed like it’s the 18th century and think a tablet

it’s the 18th century and think a tablet

it’s the 18th century and think a tablet is something that’s made out of stone

is something that’s made out of stone

is something that’s made out of stone yes lawyers because the oldest existing

yes lawyers because the oldest existing

yes lawyers because the oldest existing written law is over four thousand years

written law is over four thousand years

written law is over four thousand years old

old

old that’s at least how long lawyers have

that’s at least how long lawyers have

that’s at least how long lawyers have been programming mindless robots and in

been programming mindless robots and in

been programming mindless robots and in case you doubt that this program is all

case you doubt that this program is all

case you doubt that this program is all the laws that have governed your

the laws that have governed your

the laws that have governed your behavior since you woke up this morning

behavior since you woke up this morning

behavior since you woke up this morning and the only assumption I’ve made the

and the only assumption I’ve made the

and the only assumption I’ve made the only assumption I have made is that you

only assumption I have made is that you

only assumption I have made is that you didn’t come here by air your name your

didn’t come here by air your name your

didn’t come here by air your name your identity who you speak to what you see

identity who you speak to what you see

identity who you speak to what you see the clothes you’re wearing are all

the clothes you’re wearing are all

the clothes you’re wearing are all defined by legislation and by cases the

defined by legislation and by cases the

defined by legislation and by cases the fact that you are here today is because

fact that you are here today is because

fact that you are here today is because of the law of contract and so many many

of the law of contract and so many many

of the law of contract and so many many aspects of your behavior have been

aspects of your behavior have been

aspects of your behavior have been programmed without you even realizing it

programmed without you even realizing it

programmed without you even realizing it and therefore lawyers know a lot about

and therefore lawyers know a lot about

and therefore lawyers know a lot about these programs that govern every aspect

these programs that govern every aspect

these programs that govern every aspect of your existence but the idea that I

of your existence but the idea that I

of your existence but the idea that I have that’s worth sharing is that the

have that’s worth sharing is that the

have that’s worth sharing is that the law realizes that sometimes the program

law realizes that sometimes the program

law realizes that sometimes the program is wrong sometimes it moves away from

is wrong sometimes it moves away from

is wrong sometimes it moves away from the program it says that these rules

the program it says that these rules

the program it says that these rules should not be followed

should not be followed

should not be followed and I’m going to give you three examples

and I’m going to give you three examples

and I’m going to give you three examples of that in operation the first of these

of that in operation the first of these

of that in operation the first of these is the case of crown against Cromley the

is the case of crown against Cromley the

is the case of crown against Cromley the defendants in the case of Tron lead were

defendants in the case of Tron lead were

defendants in the case of Tron lead were accused of criminal damage and they did

accused of criminal damage and they did

accused of criminal damage and they did not deny that they had committed acts of

not deny that they had committed acts of

not deny that they had committed acts of criminal damage 1.5 million pounds worth

criminal damage 1.5 million pounds worth

criminal damage 1.5 million pounds worth of criminal damage to be specific but

of criminal damage to be specific but

of criminal damage to be specific but the jury declined to find them guilty on

the jury declined to find them guilty on

the jury declined to find them guilty on the basis the genocide was a far worse

the basis the genocide was a far worse

the basis the genocide was a far worse crime and therefore damaging airplanes

crime and therefore damaging airplanes

crime and therefore damaging airplanes that would be used for war was a

that would be used for war was a

that would be used for war was a justification for finding the defendants

justification for finding the defendants

justification for finding the defendants not guilty the second example is the

not guilty the second example is the

not guilty the second example is the case of crown and Joe G now the law as

case of crown and Joe G now the law as

case of crown and Joe G now the law as it was until last year provided that if

it was until last year provided that if

it was until last year provided that if you are involved in some sort of

you are involved in some sort of

you are involved in some sort of criminal activity you took

criminal activity you took

criminal activity you took responsibility for all the consequences

responsibility for all the consequences

responsibility for all the consequences of that criminal activity and therefore

of that criminal activity and therefore

of that criminal activity and therefore if you went to a place to commit a

if you went to a place to commit a

if you went to a place to commit a criminal offense and one of the people

criminal offense and one of the people

criminal offense and one of the people you were with takes out a knife and

you were with takes out a knife and

you were with takes out a knife and stabs a victim and kills them you are

stabs a victim and kills them you are

stabs a victim and kills them you are guilty of murder that was a principle

guilty of murder that was a principle

guilty of murder that was a principle set out in a case of crown and Chang

set out in a case of crown and Chang

set out in a case of crown and Chang wingsu and this is precisely what

wingsu and this is precisely what

wingsu and this is precisely what happened to Jody he was involved in an

happened to Jody he was involved in an

happened to Jody he was involved in an activity whereby he plans to intimidate

activity whereby he plans to intimidate

activity whereby he plans to intimidate the victim and suddenly the co-defendant

the victim and suddenly the co-defendant

the victim and suddenly the co-defendant pulls out a knife stabs the victim and

pulls out a knife stabs the victim and

pulls out a knife stabs the victim and kills him and Joji is convicted of

kills him and Joji is convicted of

kills him and Joji is convicted of murder

murder

murder now it’s not in dispute that doji may

now it’s not in dispute that doji may

now it’s not in dispute that doji may have committed a criminal offense indeed

have committed a criminal offense indeed

have committed a criminal offense indeed it’s not in dispute but he may be guilty

it’s not in dispute but he may be guilty

it’s not in dispute but he may be guilty of murder in that if you are encouraging

of murder in that if you are encouraging

of murder in that if you are encouraging the person who is holding the knife or

the person who is holding the knife or

the person who is holding the knife or that you are inciting the person holding

that you are inciting the person holding

that you are inciting the person holding the knife then you may be guilty of

the knife then you may be guilty of

the knife then you may be guilty of murder but what was objectionable to the

murder but what was objectionable to the

murder but what was objectionable to the law was the assumption that if you are

law was the assumption that if you are

law was the assumption that if you are with someone and they stick a knife in

with someone and they stick a knife in

with someone and they stick a knife in someone you are guilty of murder and

someone you are guilty of murder and

someone you are guilty of murder and therefore the Supreme Court decided to

therefore the Supreme Court decided to

therefore the Supreme Court decided to overrule the earlier principle it says

overrule the earlier principle it says

overrule the earlier principle it says that the Supreme Court says we do not

that the Supreme Court says we do not

that the Supreme Court says we do not consider that the channelings Hsu

consider that the channelings Hsu

consider that the channelings Hsu principle can be supported the

principle can be supported the

principle can be supported the introduction of the principle was based

introduction of the principle was based

introduction of the principle was based on incomplete and erroneous reading of

on incomplete and erroneous reading of

on incomplete and erroneous reading of the previous case law coupled with

the previous case law coupled with

the previous case law coupled with generalized and questionable policy

generalized and questionable policy

generalized and questionable policy arguments we recognize the significance

arguments we recognize the significance

arguments we recognize the significance of reversing a statement of principle we

of reversing a statement of principle we

of reversing a statement of principle we believe that it is right to do so the

believe that it is right to do so the

believe that it is right to do so the third example is the case of crown

third example is the case of crown

third example is the case of crown against are the judgment in that case I

against are the judgment in that case I

against are the judgment in that case I think speaks for itself

think speaks for itself

think speaks for itself as to the aspect of the law that was

as to the aspect of the law that was

as to the aspect of the law that was objectionable and the Lord Chief Justice

objectionable and the Lord Chief Justice

objectionable and the Lord Chief Justice in that case said the idea that a woman

in that case said the idea that a woman

in that case said the idea that a woman consents in advance to sexual

consents in advance to sexual

consents in advance to sexual intercourse with her husband whatever

intercourse with her husband whatever

intercourse with her husband whatever her state of health and however proper

her state of health and however proper

her state of health and however proper her objections is no longer acceptable

her objections is no longer acceptable

her objections is no longer acceptable the time has now arrived for the law to

the time has now arrived for the law to

the time has now arrived for the law to declare but a rapist remains a rapist

declare but a rapist remains a rapist

declare but a rapist remains a rapist subject to the criminal law whatever his

subject to the criminal law whatever his

subject to the criminal law whatever his relationship with his victim

relationship with his victim

relationship with his victim and so those three examples are examples

and so those three examples are examples

and so those three examples are examples of what law can teaches about artificial

of what law can teaches about artificial

of what law can teaches about artificial intelligence the idea that I would like

intelligence the idea that I would like

intelligence the idea that I would like to share is that Alan Turing’s question

to share is that Alan Turing’s question

to share is that Alan Turing’s question can machines think should only be

can machines think should only be

can machines think should only be answered in the affirmative if the

answered in the affirmative if the

answered in the affirmative if the machine can think clearly enough to

machine can think clearly enough to

machine can think clearly enough to innate to be able to realize that the

innate to be able to realize that the

innate to be able to realize that the program that governs it is wrong and to

program that governs it is wrong and to

program that governs it is wrong and to correct that program and to state as

correct that program and to state as

correct that program and to state as Gordon Brown stated in his apology to

Gordon Brown stated in his apology to

Gordon Brown stated in his apology to other Turing we’re sorry

other Turing we’re sorry

other Turing we’re sorry you deserved so much better

”

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