What Is Inside a Neutron Star? | Laura Fabbietti | TEDxTUM

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so good morning to everybody my name is

so good morning to everybody my name is Lara and I like strange things people

Lara and I like strange things people

Lara and I like strange things people say my friends say is that I have an

say my friends say is that I have an

say my friends say is that I have an explosive character and that’s why we

explosive character and that’s why we

explosive character and that’s why we start today with an explosions actually

start today with an explosions actually

start today with an explosions actually it’s a simulation of an explosions

it’s a simulation of an explosions

it’s a simulation of an explosions is the simulation of the supernova

is the simulation of the supernova

is the simulation of the supernova explosions this is what happens

explosions this is what happens

explosions this is what happens sometimes to very massive stars they

sometimes to very massive stars they

sometimes to very massive stars they explode now you might think that I am an

explode now you might think that I am an

explode now you might think that I am an astronomer and I look at sir that’s not

astronomer and I look at sir that’s not

astronomer and I look at sir that’s not the case

the case

the case I actually physicists that word set

I actually physicists that word set

I actually physicists that word set accelerators so I do experiment on the

accelerators so I do experiment on the

accelerators so I do experiment on the earth on the ground actually underground

earth on the ground actually underground

earth on the ground actually underground and the final goal of my research is try

and the final goal of my research is try

and the final goal of my research is try to understand what is left after this

to understand what is left after this

to understand what is left after this supernova explosion eventually what can

supernova explosion eventually what can

supernova explosion eventually what can be left after supernova explosion is

be left after supernova explosion is

be left after supernova explosion is either a black hole or a neutron stars

either a black hole or a neutron stars

either a black hole or a neutron stars and today I’m gonna tell you about the

and today I’m gonna tell you about the

and today I’m gonna tell you about the puzzle this puzzle is called the AI

puzzle this puzzle is called the AI

puzzle this puzzle is called the AI Peron puzzle we will now know what an

Peron puzzle we will now know what an

Peron puzzle we will now know what an ipod on his in short and what has this

ipod on his in short and what has this

ipod on his in short and what has this to do with neutron star and I’m gonna

to do with neutron star and I’m gonna

to do with neutron star and I’m gonna show you how we solve this puzzle doing

show you how we solve this puzzle doing

show you how we solve this puzzle doing experiment at accelerators but first of

experiment at accelerators but first of

experiment at accelerators but first of all we have to known the object of our

all we have to known the object of our

all we have to known the object of our desire which our neutron stars right

desire which our neutron stars right

desire which our neutron stars right what our neutron stars I told you they

what our neutron stars I told you they

what our neutron stars I told you they are left over after supernova splosions

are left over after supernova splosions

are left over after supernova splosions and to our knowledge they are the most

and to our knowledge they are the most

and to our knowledge they are the most dense stars in the universe today so

dense stars in the universe today so

dense stars in the universe today so most dense what does it mean they have a

most dense what does it mean they have a

most dense what does it mean they have a very small radius 10 15 kilometers I

very small radius 10 15 kilometers I

very small radius 10 15 kilometers I mean think about the earth radius this

mean think about the earth radius this

mean think about the earth radius this is 6,400 kilometer and they have a super

is 6,400 kilometer and they have a super

is 6,400 kilometer and they have a super large mass between 1.5

large mass between 1.5

large mass between 1.5 and two solar masses means mass of the

and two solar masses means mass of the

and two solar masses means mass of the Sun so they are very heavy and very

Sun so they are very heavy and very

Sun so they are very heavy and very small which means they are very dense

small which means they are very dense

small which means they are very dense and actually we do not know what is

and actually we do not know what is

and actually we do not know what is inside neutron stars we know that on the

inside neutron stars we know that on the

inside neutron stars we know that on the cross we have neutrons

cross we have neutrons

cross we have neutrons maybe electrons things that we can kind

maybe electrons things that we can kind

maybe electrons things that we can kind of measure but we don’t know what is

of measure but we don’t know what is

of measure but we don’t know what is inside it is not like that that I can

inside it is not like that that I can

inside it is not like that that I can just take a shuttle go there make a hole

just take a shuttle go there make a hole

just take a shuttle go there make a hole drill and see what is inside so our job

drill and see what is inside so our job

drill and see what is inside so our job is try to make experiment in the

is try to make experiment in the

is try to make experiment in the accelerator the accelerator and make a

accelerator the accelerator and make a

accelerator the accelerator and make a partisan about what can be inside and

partisan about what can be inside and

partisan about what can be inside and then after making a potus’s I can call

then after making a potus’s I can call

then after making a potus’s I can call my astronomer friend on the Sun and ask

my astronomer friend on the Sun and ask

my astronomer friend on the Sun and ask him about what he measure about neutron

him about what he measure about neutron

him about what he measure about neutron stars and see whether my hypothesis do

stars and see whether my hypothesis do

stars and see whether my hypothesis do match with the measurements so what we

match with the measurements so what we

match with the measurements so what we want to do is actually write a recipe so

want to do is actually write a recipe so

want to do is actually write a recipe so that’s I’m showing you a recipe book and

that’s I’m showing you a recipe book and

that’s I’m showing you a recipe book and this recipe book at the moment is blank

this recipe book at the moment is blank

this recipe book at the moment is blank because we do not know what is in Newton

because we do not know what is in Newton

because we do not know what is in Newton sauce

sauce

sauce and if you look at the first picture on

and if you look at the first picture on

and if you look at the first picture on the left side you see a bowl yeah a

the left side you see a bowl yeah a

the left side you see a bowl yeah a sphere your neutron stars and then you

sphere your neutron stars and then you

sphere your neutron stars and then you see little circles so now since I call

see little circles so now since I call

see little circles so now since I call them neutron stars the easiest

them neutron stars the easiest

them neutron stars the easiest hypothesis is that there are nutrients

hypothesis is that there are nutrients

hypothesis is that there are nutrients in neutron stars right I mean what are

in neutron stars right I mean what are

in neutron stars right I mean what are neutrons those are particles which are

neutrons those are particles which are

neutrons those are particles which are not elementary particle indeed in nature

not elementary particle indeed in nature

not elementary particle indeed in nature the smallest particle we know are called

the smallest particle we know are called

the smallest particle we know are called quarks and we have six of them a

quarks and we have six of them a

quarks and we have six of them a nutrient sir are composed of the two

nutrient sir are composed of the two

nutrient sir are composed of the two most simple quartz which are called

most simple quartz which are called

most simple quartz which are called happy and down you see their green is

happy and down you see their green is

happy and down you see their green is down red is up a neutron has three parts

down red is up a neutron has three parts

down red is up a neutron has three parts two down one up so basically you see in

two down one up so basically you see in

two down one up so basically you see in this first picture little circles with

this first picture little circles with

this first picture little circles with three quarks each each of these little

three quarks each each of these little

three quarks each each of these little circle is the neutron now this is an eye

circle is the neutron now this is an eye

circle is the neutron now this is an eye potus’s

potus’s

potus’s but there is another hypothesis in the

but there is another hypothesis in the

but there is another hypothesis in the middle which can look very similar to

middle which can look very similar to

middle which can look very similar to but for us is not the same because in

but for us is not the same because in

but for us is not the same because in the first hypothesis the neutrons are

the first hypothesis the neutrons are

the first hypothesis the neutrons are kind of separated while in the middle

kind of separated while in the middle

kind of separated while in the middle all the quarks are can mix together you

all the quarks are can mix together you

all the quarks are can mix together you don’t have neutrals anymore you have a

don’t have neutrals anymore you have a

don’t have neutrals anymore you have a quark Tsar and for ours physicist this

quark Tsar and for ours physicist this

quark Tsar and for ours physicist this makes a huge difference if quarks are

makes a huge difference if quarks are

makes a huge difference if quarks are bound together or they just lose so two

bound together or they just lose so two

bound together or they just lose so two hypotheses neutron stars course sir but

hypotheses neutron stars course sir but

hypotheses neutron stars course sir but that’s not what I do I do something

that’s not what I do I do something

that’s not what I do I do something beyond and then I imagine that instead

beyond and then I imagine that instead

beyond and then I imagine that instead of having neutrons he neutron stars I

of having neutrons he neutron stars I

of having neutrons he neutron stars I have another kind of particle which are

have another kind of particle which are

have another kind of particle which are called

called

called I burns and what are those I bronze

I burns and what are those I bronze

I burns and what are those I bronze basically you take a neutral you see and

basically you take a neutral you see and

basically you take a neutral you see and then you replace one big work with a

then you replace one big work with a

then you replace one big work with a strange quark and strange is really the

strange quark and strange is really the

strange quark and strange is really the name of this word this is really coli

name of this word this is really coli

name of this word this is really coli that because when they discover it well

that because when they discover it well

that because when they discover it well they funny kind of peculiar that they

they funny kind of peculiar that they

they funny kind of peculiar that they found a third quark an equally strange

found a third quark an equally strange

found a third quark an equally strange so I parents are basically like neutral

so I parents are basically like neutral

so I parents are basically like neutral just be different they have strange

just be different they have strange

just be different they have strange quark inside and my questions is

quark inside and my questions is

quark inside and my questions is actually whether I Peron star exists

actually whether I Peron star exists

actually whether I Peron star exists sauce neutron stars were in the middle

sauce neutron stars were in the middle

sauce neutron stars were in the middle of stars you have Neutron but also i

of stars you have Neutron but also i

of stars you have Neutron but also i perón’s might seem boring to you maybe

perón’s might seem boring to you maybe

perón’s might seem boring to you maybe it is but actually I like it I told you

it is but actually I like it I told you

it is but actually I like it I told you a lie strange things so now how can we

a lie strange things so now how can we

a lie strange things so now how can we do that I want to really be frank with

do that I want to really be frank with

do that I want to really be frank with you and really show you some science

you and really show you some science

you and really show you some science really some science concepts and then I

really some science concepts and then I

really some science concepts and then I have to tell you what an equation of

have to tell you what an equation of

have to tell you what an equation of state is you need to understand that the

state is you need to understand that the

state is you need to understand that the question of state means that you know

question of state means that you know

question of state means that you know the response of a system to pressure

the response of a system to pressure

the response of a system to pressure imagine you have a pillow right and you

imagine you have a pillow right and you

imagine you have a pillow right and you try to squeeze it you will be able to

try to squeeze it you will be able to

try to squeeze it you will be able to squeeze it then you say that the

squeeze it then you say that the

squeeze it then you say that the equation of state of a pillow is soft if

equation of state of a pillow is soft if

equation of state of a pillow is soft if you take a wooden box and you try it

you take a wooden box and you try it

you take a wooden box and you try it with your hand to apply pressure you

with your hand to apply pressure you

with your hand to apply pressure you won’t have so much response you will say

won’t have so much response you will say

won’t have so much response you will say that the question of state of the system

that the question of state of the system

that the question of state of the system is rather stiff so in few words stiff

is rather stiff so in few words stiff

is rather stiff so in few words stiff equation of states

equation of states

equation of states it means that if you apply pleasure the

it means that if you apply pleasure the

it means that if you apply pleasure the system is not gonna be very compressible

system is not gonna be very compressible

system is not gonna be very compressible the question of states is fundamental to

the question of states is fundamental to

the question of states is fundamental to understand neutron stars so you need an

understand neutron stars so you need an

understand neutron stars so you need an equation of states if you want to say

equation of states if you want to say

equation of states if you want to say something and you turn star so the

something and you turn star so the

something and you turn star so the equation of states is what we are after

equation of states is what we are after

equation of states is what we are after what does it mean and now guys I show

what does it mean and now guys I show

what does it mean and now guys I show you some graph yeah the questioner says

you some graph yeah the questioner says

you some graph yeah the questioner says I told you is the response of the system

I told you is the response of the system

I told you is the response of the system to pressure and normally we physicists

to pressure and normally we physicists

to pressure and normally we physicists we make a plot pressures versus density

we make a plot pressures versus density

we make a plot pressures versus density on your left hand side so if a density

on your left hand side so if a density

on your left hand side so if a density increase the pressures increase this

increase the pressures increase this

increase the pressures increase this line is in a question of states and then

line is in a question of states and then

line is in a question of states and then if you do some math these equation

if you do some math these equation

if you do some math these equation states tells you exactly how the mass to

states tells you exactly how the mass to

states tells you exactly how the mass to reduce relationship in a neutron star

reduce relationship in a neutron star

reduce relationship in a neutron star would be so here you see now the

would be so here you see now the

would be so here you see now the connection between the formula I might

connection between the formula I might

connection between the formula I might find out in my experiment and the mass

find out in my experiment and the mass

find out in my experiment and the mass and radius of nutri stars who

and radius of nutri stars who

and radius of nutri stars who astronomers can measured and you really

astronomers can measured and you really

astronomers can measured and you really have a mapping want one greens goes with

have a mapping want one greens goes with

have a mapping want one greens goes with green red goes with red blue goes with

green red goes with red blue goes with

green red goes with red blue goes with blue so now if you know the question of

blue so now if you know the question of

blue so now if you know the question of states you know about neutron stars now

states you know about neutron stars now

states you know about neutron stars now i piron’s why do i parents play a role

i piron’s why do i parents play a role

i piron’s why do i parents play a role at all why should i produce either on

at all why should i produce either on

at all why should i produce either on inside neutron stars if you put neutrons

inside neutron stars if you put neutrons

inside neutron stars if you put neutrons and i perón’s on scale actually i

and i perón’s on scale actually i

and i perón’s on scale actually i parents are bit heavier so normally

parents are bit heavier so normally

parents are bit heavier so normally nature doesn’t lie to produce heavier

nature doesn’t lie to produce heavier

nature doesn’t lie to produce heavier particle because in order to produce the

particle because in order to produce the

particle because in order to produce the other particle you need more energy so

other particle you need more energy so

other particle you need more energy so nature is greedy tends to you know put

nature is greedy tends to you know put

nature is greedy tends to you know put itself in the situation of spending less

itself in the situation of spending less

itself in the situation of spending less energy possible so why you could produce

energy possible so why you could produce

energy possible so why you could produce neutron stars neutron star with vibrance

neutron stars neutron star with vibrance

neutron stars neutron star with vibrance now imagine you have only neutrons okay

now imagine you have only neutrons okay

now imagine you have only neutrons okay how do you represent them inside the

how do you represent them inside the

how do you represent them inside the neutron stars you put them in a box you

neutron stars you put them in a box you

neutron stars you put them in a box you see here you see a box and this Neutron

see here you see a box and this Neutron

see here you see a box and this Neutron will be piling up like

will be piling up like

will be piling up like onion layers right on agar and

onion layers right on agar and

onion layers right on agar and eigenenergy level and if you pol I

eigenenergy level and if you pol I

eigenenergy level and if you pol I pleasure this energy level goes up and

pleasure this energy level goes up and

pleasure this energy level goes up and up at some point the system doesn’t want

up at some point the system doesn’t want

up at some point the system doesn’t want to have neutrals anymore

to have neutrals anymore

to have neutrals anymore he preferred to have new particles I

he preferred to have new particles I

he preferred to have new particles I burns so that these yellow lines that

burns so that these yellow lines that

burns so that these yellow lines that you see there are kind of going down so

you see there are kind of going down so

you see there are kind of going down so you transform neutrals into I pronoun

you transform neutrals into I pronoun

you transform neutrals into I pronoun body and you just invited nerdy

body and you just invited nerdy

body and you just invited nerdy mathematicians boys and this party is

mathematicians boys and this party is

mathematicians boys and this party is gonna I mean all these boys are coming

gonna I mean all these boys are coming

gonna I mean all these boys are coming in or coming in the parties get is not

in or coming in the parties get is not

in or coming in the parties get is not getting any cool right at some point

getting any cool right at some point

getting any cool right at some point somebody has the idea okay

somebody has the idea okay

somebody has the idea okay let’s throw out the nerdy boys and let’s

let’s throw out the nerdy boys and let’s

let’s throw out the nerdy boys and let’s get in the cool female art students so

get in the cool female art students so

get in the cool female art students so that’s exactly what is happening here

that’s exactly what is happening here

that’s exactly what is happening here guys

guys

guys so at some point he was tired of nerdy

so at some point he was tired of nerdy

so at some point he was tired of nerdy neutrons and you bring in the cool

neutrons and you bring in the cool

neutrons and you bring in the cool strange I browns that’s how it works so

strange I browns that’s how it works so

strange I browns that’s how it works so if you words amass happen nature wants

if you words amass happen nature wants

if you words amass happen nature wants it but then what is the puzzle then it

it but then what is the puzzle then it

it but then what is the puzzle then it happens then I should not spend my time

happens then I should not spend my time

happens then I should not spend my time in doing anything here right no there is

in doing anything here right no there is

in doing anything here right no there is a puzzle ok let’s go back to our

a puzzle ok let’s go back to our

a puzzle ok let’s go back to our equation of states are you remember we

equation of states are you remember we

equation of states are you remember we have one-to-one correspondence between

have one-to-one correspondence between

have one-to-one correspondence between the equation of State on your left hand

the equation of State on your left hand

the equation of State on your left hand side and the mass and radius of neutron

side and the mass and radius of neutron

side and the mass and radius of neutron stars what happened now if all I proms

stars what happened now if all I proms

stars what happened now if all I proms pop up right the party is getting cool

pop up right the party is getting cool

pop up right the party is getting cool but unfortunately your equation of

but unfortunately your equation of

but unfortunately your equation of states change shapes it becomes softer

states change shapes it becomes softer

states change shapes it becomes softer the system become more compressible and

the system become more compressible and

the system become more compressible and what happened to the mass of neutron

what happened to the mass of neutron

what happened to the mass of neutron stars the maximum mass of just raw goes

stars the maximum mass of just raw goes

stars the maximum mass of just raw goes down do we have a problem with that yes

down do we have a problem with that yes

down do we have a problem with that yes we have because unfortunately very

we have because unfortunately very

we have because unfortunately very Avenue to Ansari be measured and this

Avenue to Ansari be measured and this

Avenue to Ansari be measured and this line that represent mass versus radius

line that represent mass versus radius

line that represent mass versus radius must go through whisper mental data it

must go through whisper mental data it

must go through whisper mental data it must go through if he doesn’t stand too

must go through if he doesn’t stand too

must go through if he doesn’t stand too bad so guys that’s the puzzle they must

bad so guys that’s the puzzle they must

bad so guys that’s the puzzle they must be there but they can’t be there what we

be there but they can’t be there what we

be there but they can’t be there what we do

do

do eventually these now goes back to

eventually these now goes back to

eventually these now goes back to interactions right so actually these I

interactions right so actually these I

interactions right so actually these I put on inside the neutral sir they just

put on inside the neutral sir they just

put on inside the neutral sir they just don’t sit there but they speak to each

don’t sit there but they speak to each

don’t sit there but they speak to each other to the neutrons is like the girls

other to the neutrons is like the girls

other to the neutrons is like the girls speaking at the party with boys right

speaking at the party with boys right

speaking at the party with boys right and the interaction can be attractive or

and the interaction can be attractive or

and the interaction can be attractive or repulsive and then if it is attractive

repulsive and then if it is attractive

repulsive and then if it is attractive or repulsive this will change the

or repulsive this will change the

or repulsive this will change the questioner said and this will change the

questioner said and this will change the

questioner said and this will change the mass versus radius of a neutron star

mass versus radius of a neutron star

mass versus radius of a neutron star so my job is to find out this

so my job is to find out this

so my job is to find out this interaction attractive or repulsive how

interaction attractive or repulsive how

interaction attractive or repulsive how do you do that well I am trying to tell

do you do that well I am trying to tell

do you do that well I am trying to tell you in a simplified way we do experiment

you in a simplified way we do experiment

you in a simplified way we do experiment accelerators we should beams like you

accelerators we should beams like you

accelerators we should beams like you see here Pam on nuclei and then we

see here Pam on nuclei and then we

see here Pam on nuclei and then we produce particle you see now an eye

produce particle you see now an eye

produce particle you see now an eye prints being produced it goes through

prints being produced it goes through

prints being produced it goes through the nucleus and then it goes out to

the nucleus and then it goes out to

the nucleus and then it goes out to enclose and it flies to your detectors

enclose and it flies to your detectors

enclose and it flies to your detectors which is your high which which you

which is your high which which you

which is your high which which you measure particles and now what we do we

measure particles and now what we do we

measure particles and now what we do we make an experiment and we look at pairs

make an experiment and we look at pairs

make an experiment and we look at pairs or triplets of I plants and neutrons

or triplets of I plants and neutrons

or triplets of I plants and neutrons right we look at them after they are

right we look at them after they are

right we look at them after they are produced and we try to see whether they

produced and we try to see whether they

produced and we try to see whether they interact in an attractive wave or in a

interact in an attractive wave or in a

interact in an attractive wave or in a repulsive way and imagine so you look at

repulsive way and imagine so you look at

repulsive way and imagine so you look at them they are coming out of your

them they are coming out of your

them they are coming out of your reactions and if they are tend to go

reactions and if they are tend to go

reactions and if they are tend to go against each other close with each other

against each other close with each other

against each other close with each other then you say okay they are interacting

then you say okay they are interacting

then you say okay they are interacting in an attractive way if you on the way

in an attractive way if you on the way

in an attractive way if you on the way from the reaction to the detector they

from the reaction to the detector they

from the reaction to the detector they are drifting apart the interactions is

are drifting apart the interactions is

are drifting apart the interactions is repulsive let’s go back to the party at

repulsive let’s go back to the party at

repulsive let’s go back to the party at the party one very strange girl nice

the party one very strange girl nice

the party one very strange girl nice girl I mean she starts to talk with the

girl I mean she starts to talk with the

girl I mean she starts to talk with the nerdy mathematician and they get they

nerdy mathematician and they get they

nerdy mathematician and they get they leave the party together so other way go

leave the party together so other way go

leave the party together so other way go home together which that means that the

home together which that means that the

home together which that means that the interaction was rather attractive or

interaction was rather attractive or

interaction was rather attractive or everybody goes to his place so this is

everybody goes to his place so this is

everybody goes to his place so this is exactly the same what we do in in

exactly the same what we do in in

exactly the same what we do in in physics but obviously in order to do so

physics but obviously in order to do so

physics but obviously in order to do so we just don’t have to talk about that

we just don’t have to talk about that

we just don’t have to talk about that but also we have to build machines which

but also we have to build machines which

but also we have to build machines which are able to see particles and now you

are able to see particles and now you

are able to see particles and now you see here in a movie which is not a

see here in a movie which is not a

see here in a movie which is not a simulation but it is an artistic

simulation but it is an artistic

simulation but it is an artistic representation of what we are we have

representation of what we are we have

representation of what we are we have really built at CERN shows you how we do

really built at CERN shows you how we do

really built at CERN shows you how we do that this is a bit detector 5 meters

that this is a bit detector 5 meters

that this is a bit detector 5 meters high ten meters Long’s

high ten meters Long’s

high ten meters Long’s you see particle that fly through this

you see particle that fly through this

you see particle that fly through this detector they leave tracks believed

detector they leave tracks believed

detector they leave tracks believed really the signature of the passage and

really the signature of the passage and

really the signature of the passage and this detector allow us to reconstruct

this detector allow us to reconstruct

this detector allow us to reconstruct this track so each track is a particle

this track so each track is a particle

this track so each track is a particle and if you reconcile the track you can

and if you reconcile the track you can

and if you reconcile the track you can really see whether the tracks goes

really see whether the tracks goes

really see whether the tracks goes together or they are drifted apart and

together or they are drifted apart and

together or they are drifted apart and you can really determine the

you can really determine the

you can really determine the interactions and then information about

interactions and then information about

interactions and then information about neutron stars so here you see as really

neutron stars so here you see as really

neutron stars so here you see as really this detectors allow you to reconstruct

this detectors allow you to reconstruct

this detectors allow you to reconstruct the puff of the particles in a

the puff of the particles in a

the puff of the particles in a three-dimensional way is really like a

three-dimensional way is really like a

three-dimensional way is really like a camera you know and things like that are

camera you know and things like that are

camera you know and things like that are built by my group seem unique and also

built by my group seem unique and also

built by my group seem unique and also by many other groups all over the world

by many other groups all over the world

by many other groups all over the world so we are so-called experimentalist ok I

so we are so-called experimentalist ok I

so we are so-called experimentalist ok I explained you the problem I explained

explained you the problem I explained

explained you the problem I explained you what we’re gonna do and now Donna

you what we’re gonna do and now Donna

you what we’re gonna do and now Donna that’s the result sad extremely sad guys

that’s the result sad extremely sad guys

that’s the result sad extremely sad guys I mean what’s that

I mean what’s that

I mean what’s that not so spectacular isn’t it after years

not so spectacular isn’t it after years

not so spectacular isn’t it after years of measuring and several million spent

of measuring and several million spent

of measuring and several million spent in building detectors that’s where we

in building detectors that’s where we

in building detectors that’s where we get out so you see two plots and you see

get out so you see two plots and you see

get out so you see two plots and you see black points and black boxes those are

black points and black boxes those are

black points and black boxes those are base pair mental results that we produce

base pair mental results that we produce

base pair mental results that we produce and we publish in our job so and you see

and we publish in our job so and you see

and we publish in our job so and you see that these plots are the base pair

that these plots are the base pair

that these plots are the base pair mental data are shown together with line

mental data are shown together with line

mental data are shown together with line so what are these lines those lines are

so what are these lines those lines are

so what are these lines those lines are theory right and in principle if you

theory right and in principle if you

theory right and in principle if you look at the plot on your right-hand side

look at the plot on your right-hand side

look at the plot on your right-hand side you can see that there are two lines

you can see that there are two lines

you can see that there are two lines right in principle if the data would be

right in principle if the data would be

right in principle if the data would be better if the boxes would be smaller we

better if the boxes would be smaller we

better if the boxes would be smaller we would be able to distinguish between the

would be able to distinguish between the

would be able to distinguish between the two line right because if the data sits

two line right because if the data sits

two line right because if the data sits on one line they tell you okay this line

on one line they tell you okay this line

on one line they tell you okay this line is right and this line tells you

is right and this line tells you

is right and this line tells you basically whether the interaction is

basically whether the interaction is

basically whether the interaction is attractive or repulsive for I piranha

attractive or repulsive for I piranha

attractive or repulsive for I piranha neutrons so basically I told you a lie

neutrons so basically I told you a lie

neutrons so basically I told you a lie we didn’t solve the puzzle yet so we are

we didn’t solve the puzzle yet so we are

we didn’t solve the puzzle yet so we are still working on that but I hope I could

still working on that but I hope I could

still working on that but I hope I could convince you that this is something

convince you that this is something

convince you that this is something worth pursuing because eventually if we

worth pursuing because eventually if we

worth pursuing because eventually if we measure 10 times longer and I am still

measure 10 times longer and I am still

measure 10 times longer and I am still very young we can maybe find a solution

very young we can maybe find a solution

very young we can maybe find a solution also I must say that we have also new

also I must say that we have also new

also I must say that we have also new opening measurements because this year

opening measurements because this year

opening measurements because this year really 2017 is a great year for us

really 2017 is a great year for us

really 2017 is a great year for us because gravitational waves won the

because gravitational waves won the

because gravitational waves won the Nobel Prize for Physics not only but in

Nobel Prize for Physics not only but in

Nobel Prize for Physics not only but in August we saw for the first time the

August we saw for the first time the

August we saw for the first time the signature of two neutron star eating

signature of two neutron star eating

signature of two neutron star eating each other and producing like a sound a

each other and producing like a sound a

each other and producing like a sound a very dim sound that we call

very dim sound that we call

very dim sound that we call gravitational wave signal and we hope

gravitational wave signal and we hope

gravitational wave signal and we hope that many other signals like that will

that many other signals like that will

that many other signals like that will be measuring the next years and this

be measuring the next years and this

be measuring the next years and this will give us more informations to

will give us more informations to

will give us more informations to understand what is inside neutron stars

understand what is inside neutron stars

understand what is inside neutron stars thank you very much