Using Math to Understand Art | Ingrid Daubechies | TEDxDuke

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[Music] [Applause]

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[Applause] this is the Ghent Altarpiece by Anthony

this is the Ghent Altarpiece by Anthony

this is the Ghent Altarpiece by Anthony egg which is an incredibly impressive

egg which is an incredibly impressive

egg which is an incredibly impressive picture it was incredibly influential

picture it was incredibly influential

picture it was incredibly influential when it was first painted at the

when it was first painted at the

when it was first painted at the beginning of the 15th century if you

beginning of the 15th century if you

beginning of the 15th century if you ever get to againt

ever get to againt

ever get to againt in Belgium you should go see it it’s a

in Belgium you should go see it it’s a

in Belgium you should go see it it’s a politic and when you close it you see on

politic and when you close it you see on

politic and when you close it you see on the middle on the right-hand side

the middle on the right-hand side

the middle on the right-hand side this scene of the Annunciation we’re

this scene of the Annunciation we’re

this scene of the Annunciation we’re behind the Virgin Mary there’s a book a

behind the Virgin Mary there’s a book a

behind the Virgin Mary there’s a book a book that you see here while there’s not

book that you see here while there’s not

book that you see here while there’s not a book there’s a painting of a book

a book there’s a painting of a book

a book there’s a painting of a book we’re talking about an area of the

we’re talking about an area of the

we’re talking about an area of the painting it’s about 3 inches high and

painting it’s about 3 inches high and

painting it’s about 3 inches high and art historians were wondering whether

art historians were wondering whether

art historians were wondering whether Van Eyck who is known to be a great

Van Eyck who is known to be a great

Van Eyck who is known to be a great perfectionist had pushed his

perfectionist had pushed his

perfectionist had pushed his perfectionism so far as to actually

perfectionism so far as to actually

perfectionism so far as to actually really paint a text I mean a real text

really paint a text I mean a real text

really paint a text I mean a real text rather than the little vertical and

rather than the little vertical and

rather than the little vertical and horizontal marks that might give that

horizontal marks that might give that

horizontal marks that might give that illusion we have the slightest okay so

illusion we have the slightest okay so

illusion we have the slightest okay so if you show me a book like that in a

if you show me a book like that in a

if you show me a book like that in a museum I can’t read it because these

museum I can’t read it because these

museum I can’t read it because these medieval give a lettering the literary

medieval give a lettering the literary

medieval give a lettering the literary format are very hard to read for a non

format are very hard to read for a non

format are very hard to read for a non specialist but specialists couldn’t read

specialist but specialists couldn’t read

specialist but specialists couldn’t read it on this painting either and that’s

it on this painting either and that’s

it on this painting either and that’s because you see all these cracks the

because you see all these cracks the

because you see all these cracks the calculator on this painting that’s over

calculator on this painting that’s over

calculator on this painting that’s over 600 years old makes it very hard to

600 years old makes it very hard to

600 years old makes it very hard to distinguish where you have real letters

distinguish where you have real letters

distinguish where you have real letters which are worn a bit and where the

which are worn a bit and where the

which are worn a bit and where the cracks and so most art historians said

cracks and so most art historians said

cracks and so most art historians said well it’s not a real text come on but I

well it’s not a real text come on but I

well it’s not a real text come on but I one of the fields in which I work is

one of the fields in which I work is

one of the fields in which I work is using building mathematical tools for

using building mathematical tools for

using building mathematical tools for image analysis and so when I heard of

image analysis and so when I heard of

image analysis and so when I heard of this I said well maybe we can try to

this I said well maybe we can try to

this I said well maybe we can try to find algorithms that find these cracks

find algorithms that find these cracks

find algorithms that find these cracks automatically and then once we’ve marked

automatically and then once we’ve marked

automatically and then once we’ve marked them can in paint them and if I had

them can in paint them and if I had

them can in paint them and if I had known how hard a task that was I might

known how hard a task that was I might

known how hard a task that was I might have kept my math but

have kept my math but

have kept my math but it turned out it was very challenging

it turned out it was very challenging

it turned out it was very challenging and but we did solve it and became part

and but we did solve it and became part

and but we did solve it and became part of a PhD thesis of a student in

of a PhD thesis of a student in

of a PhD thesis of a student in electrical engineering in Brussels and

electrical engineering in Brussels and

electrical engineering in Brussels and together with researchers at Kent

together with researchers at Kent

together with researchers at Kent we published a paper in which the

we published a paper in which the

we published a paper in which the solution was published and we went from

solution was published and we went from

solution was published and we went from the crack Allu on on the right here to

the crack Allu on on the right here to

the crack Allu on on the right here to the text on the on the left to the text

the text on the on the left to the text

the text on the on the left to the text on the right and well when I first saw

on the right and well when I first saw

on the right and well when I first saw the results I said well fat lot of good

the results I said well fat lot of good

the results I said well fat lot of good that has done to us I mean I couldn’t I

that has done to us I mean I couldn’t I

that has done to us I mean I couldn’t I couldn’t read anything but specialists

couldn’t read anything but specialists

couldn’t read anything but specialists said oh my god look at this and they

said oh my god look at this and they

said oh my god look at this and they could very clearly recognize 12 groups

could very clearly recognize 12 groups

could very clearly recognize 12 groups of words which not only established

of words which not only established

of words which not only established beyond a doubt that Vanek really had

beyond a doubt that Vanek really had

beyond a doubt that Vanek really had painted the text but they found that in

painted the text but they found that in

painted the text but they found that in fact they could identify what text it

fact they could identify what text it

fact they could identify what text it was a page of a manuscript that had been

was a page of a manuscript that had been

was a page of a manuscript that had been copied a few decades earlier in Rouge

copied a few decades earlier in Rouge

copied a few decades earlier in Rouge and that was a text by Thomas Aquinas on

and that was a text by Thomas Aquinas on

and that was a text by Thomas Aquinas on the Annunciation in an unseen painting

the Annunciation in an unseen painting

the Annunciation in an unseen painting scene so they were absolutely delighted

scene so they were absolutely delighted

scene so they were absolutely delighted and there was this was was this made a

and there was this was was this made a

and there was this was was this made a very nice article in art history I

very nice article in art history I

very nice article in art history I wanted to start my story today with that

wanted to start my story today with that

wanted to start my story today with that to tell you that even prior to my main

to tell you that even prior to my main

to tell you that even prior to my main topic today we had learned how to

topic today we had learned how to

topic today we had learned how to recognize and find and in paint cracks

recognize and find and in paint cracks

recognize and find and in paint cracks in paintings so my story is about an art

in paintings so my story is about an art

in paintings so my story is about an art exhibit that is going on right now in

exhibit that is going on right now in

exhibit that is going on right now in the North Carolina Museum of Art in

the North Carolina Museum of Art in

the North Carolina Museum of Art in Raleigh if you haven’t seen it yet I

Raleigh if you haven’t seen it yet I

Raleigh if you haven’t seen it yet I recommend it highly

recommend it highly

recommend it highly it’s last day’s tomorrow so you don’t

it’s last day’s tomorrow so you don’t

it’s last day’s tomorrow so you don’t have a lot of time so this was really

have a lot of time so this was really

have a lot of time so this was really something in which we sailed uncharted

something in which we sailed uncharted

something in which we sailed uncharted waters and let me show you how so it all

waters and let me show you how so it all

waters and let me show you how so it all started because an altarpiece that dates

started because an altarpiece that dates

started because an altarpiece that dates back to the 14th century from a small

back to the 14th century from a small

back to the 14th century from a small Church in the maquis region in Italy had

Church in the maquis region in Italy had

Church in the maquis region in Italy had been broken up at in the early 20th

been broken up at in the early 20th

been broken up at in the early 20th century and sold to collectors three of

century and sold to collectors three of

century and sold to collectors three of those panels are in the North Carolina

those panels are in the North Carolina

those panels are in the North Carolina Museum of Art collection one is in

Museum of Art collection one is in

Museum of Art collection one is in Portland three are

Portland three are

Portland three are in the Metropolitan Museum of Art one is

in the Metropolitan Museum of Art one is

in the Metropolitan Museum of Art one is in Chicago and the very last one well

in Chicago and the very last one well

in Chicago and the very last one well the very last one is missing art

the very last one is missing art

the very last one is missing art conservators after they realized and our

conservators after they realized and our

conservators after they realized and our curators that these panels belong to the

curators that these panels belong to the

curators that these panels belong to the same altarpiece have looked everywhere

same altarpiece have looked everywhere

same altarpiece have looked everywhere but they haven’t found this panel

but they haven’t found this panel

but they haven’t found this panel they had this dream of bringing all the

they had this dream of bringing all the

they had this dream of bringing all the panels together here in North Carolina

panels together here in North Carolina

panels together here in North Carolina the other museum said yes yes but you

the other museum said yes yes but you

the other museum said yes yes but you won’t still have it complete and I

won’t still have it complete and I

won’t still have it complete and I fortunately I happen to know a very

fortunately I happen to know a very

fortunately I happen to know a very gifted artist but also an art

gifted artist but also an art

gifted artist but also an art conservator and art reconstruction

conservator and art reconstruction

conservator and art reconstruction expert shall of the Gospels who they

expert shall of the Gospels who they

expert shall of the Gospels who they then commissioned to paint a

then commissioned to paint a

then commissioned to paint a reconstruction of this missing painting

reconstruction of this missing painting

reconstruction of this missing painting she does this mostly for museums for

she does this mostly for museums for

she does this mostly for museums for educational purposes here’s an example

educational purposes here’s an example

educational purposes here’s an example of something she made for a museum in

of something she made for a museum in

of something she made for a museum in hotted um so it’s a little bit a portion

hotted um so it’s a little bit a portion

hotted um so it’s a little bit a portion of a painting they have that she

of a painting they have that she

of a painting they have that she reconstructed and for this educational

reconstructed and for this educational

reconstructed and for this educational piece she stopped a quarter in short

piece she stopped a quarter in short

piece she stopped a quarter in short with every layer of preparation and so

with every layer of preparation and so

with every layer of preparation and so you see she’s already four months into

you see she’s already four months into

you see she’s already four months into working on this panel before she even

working on this panel before she even

working on this panel before she even starts painting all the different layers

starts painting all the different layers

starts painting all the different layers of sizing of gesso and drawing and

of sizing of gesso and drawing and

of sizing of gesso and drawing and gilding and so on so they commissioned a

gilding and so on so they commissioned a

gilding and so on so they commissioned a panel for her for this missing painting

panel for her for this missing painting

panel for her for this missing painting and what you could ask yourself how do I

and what you could ask yourself how do I

and what you could ask yourself how do I do that on a painting I mean I don’t

do that on a painting I mean I don’t

do that on a painting I mean I don’t have the panel how do i reconstruct well

have the panel how do i reconstruct well

have the panel how do i reconstruct well the seven panels the seven small panels

the seven panels the seven small panels

the seven panels the seven small panels that existed reconstructed the followed

that existed reconstructed the followed

that existed reconstructed the followed episodes mark important episodes of the

episodes mark important episodes of the

episodes mark important episodes of the life of John the Evangelist as it was

life of John the Evangelist as it was

life of John the Evangelist as it was described literally in this medieval

described literally in this medieval

described literally in this medieval Beth bestseller the golden legend in

Beth bestseller the golden legend in

Beth bestseller the golden legend in which lives of saints are recounted and

which lives of saints are recounted and

which lives of saints are recounted and we know it’s a best-seller because of

we know it’s a best-seller because of

we know it’s a best-seller because of many medieval books we have only may be

many medieval books we have only may be

many medieval books we have only may be part of a copy or something and this of

part of a copy or something and this of

part of a copy or something and this of this we have hundreds so everybody

this we have hundreds so everybody

this we have hundreds so everybody wanted one so they knew what scene had

wanted one so they knew what scene had

wanted one so they knew what scene had to be depicted and then they made a

to be depicted and then they made a

to be depicted and then they made a composition of a scene that borrowed

composition of a scene that borrowed

composition of a scene that borrowed lots of stylistic elements of the other

lots of stylistic elements of the other

lots of stylistic elements of the other panels so as not to invent something

panels so as not to invent something

panels so as not to invent something that would not have been appropriate now

that would not have been appropriate now

that would not have been appropriate now if they ever find the ninth panel

if they ever find the ninth panel

if they ever find the ninth panel it’s not going to look identical to this

it’s not going to look identical to this

it’s not going to look identical to this but it’s highly likely in this style and

but it’s highly likely in this style and

but it’s highly likely in this style and then here you see the buildup of the

then here you see the buildup of the

then here you see the buildup of the panel just like you saw the layers the

panel just like you saw the layers the

panel just like you saw the layers the you see it being gilded and polished and

you see it being gilded and polished and

you see it being gilded and polished and then paint is going to come in if my

then paint is going to come in if my

then paint is going to come in if my clicker keeps working and the verdad

clicker keeps working and the verdad

clicker keeps working and the verdad show on the faces the different paint

show on the faces the different paint

show on the faces the different paint layers and as they get modeled more and

layers and as they get modeled more and

layers and as they get modeled more and the final result is absolutely fantastic

the final result is absolutely fantastic

the final result is absolutely fantastic and you can see that final new panel

and you can see that final new panel

and you can see that final new panel with a documentary of how the panel was

with a documentary of how the panel was

with a documentary of how the panel was made at a museum and you see differences

made at a museum and you see differences

made at a museum and you see differences I mean on old panels where you have this

I mean on old panels where you have this

I mean on old panels where you have this punch mark that have been knocked into

punch mark that have been knocked into

punch mark that have been knocked into the gilding they have over all did the

the gilding they have over all did the

the gilding they have over all did the six hundred years since the painting was

six hundred years since the painting was

six hundred years since the painting was made being filled with death they’ve

made being filled with death they’ve

made being filled with death they’ve gradually filled with dirt and they now

gradually filled with dirt and they now

gradually filled with dirt and they now show like a dark relief but originally

show like a dark relief but originally

show like a dark relief but originally unless polished on this polished gold

unless polished on this polished gold

unless polished on this polished gold they gave you the reflection since when

they gave you the reflection since when

they gave you the reflection since when and with the candles in the church they

and with the candles in the church they

and with the candles in the church they would have given you a sparkling halo

would have given you a sparkling halo

would have given you a sparkling halo around the head of the saint so you can

around the head of the saint so you can

around the head of the saint so you can all see that on the new panel and so

all see that on the new panel and so

all see that on the new panel and so people they’re the curators and

people they’re the curators and

people they’re the curators and conservatives were so happy with this

conservatives were so happy with this

conservatives were so happy with this whole experience and how I’d

whole experience and how I’d

whole experience and how I’d occasionally it would be and there’s

occasionally it would be and there’s

occasionally it would be and there’s this glorious new painting but then they

this glorious new painting but then they

this glorious new painting but then they realized that they couldn’t put it next

realized that they couldn’t put it next

realized that they couldn’t put it next to the other panels because everybody

to the other panels because everybody

to the other panels because everybody would have eyes only for this new one

would have eyes only for this new one

would have eyes only for this new one this new bright shiny one and it would

this new bright shiny one and it would

this new bright shiny one and it would be the only one that was not authentic

be the only one that was not authentic

be the only one that was not authentic so I then said well I always say that

so I then said well I always say that

so I then said well I always say that math can help because what we could do

math can help because what we could do

math can help because what we could do is we could study the panels and the old

is we could study the panels and the old

is we could study the panels and the old panels and the new panels and we could

panels and the new panels and we could

panels and the new panels and we could on the one hand find Correspondence of

on the one hand find Correspondence of

on the one hand find Correspondence of color between the two different types of

color between the two different types of

color between the two different types of panels and change color we could use

panels and change color we could use

panels and change color we could use that to virtually age the new painting

that to virtually age the new painting

that to virtually age the new painting and in fact when you go to do Z we see

and in fact when you go to do Z we see

and in fact when you go to do Z we see this virtually aged one a printout of

this virtually aged one a printout of

this virtually aged one a printout of that exposed neck to the other panels

that exposed neck to the other panels

that exposed neck to the other panels but we could also if we learned all

but we could also if we learned all

but we could also if we learned all about that we could rejuvenate the old

about that we could rejuvenate the old

about that we could rejuvenate the old panels and that’s what we did

panels and that’s what we did

panels and that’s what we did so the crackle ooh well you’ve seen we

so the crackle ooh well you’ve seen we

so the crackle ooh well you’ve seen we can find calculate and we can paint it

can find calculate and we can paint it

can find calculate and we can paint it in so we did that here you see how we do

in so we did that here you see how we do

in so we did that here you see how we do indeed find all the red markings is the

indeed find all the red markings is the

indeed find all the red markings is the automatically found cracks and we once

automatically found cracks and we once

automatically found cracks and we once we did that we can in paint you see an

we did that we can in paint you see an

we did that we can in paint you see an example here we did that very gradually

example here we did that very gradually

example here we did that very gradually with an iterative algorithm that you see

with an iterative algorithm that you see

with an iterative algorithm that you see here gradually progressing it was very

here gradually progressing it was very

here gradually progressing it was very important to us to not produce just a

important to us to not produce just a

important to us to not produce just a chromel I mean we wanted to use

chromel I mean we wanted to use

chromel I mean we wanted to use scholarly grounded methods in order to

scholarly grounded methods in order to

scholarly grounded methods in order to make this transition so we never took it

make this transition so we never took it

make this transition so we never took it to places where you didn’t have evidence

to places where you didn’t have evidence

to places where you didn’t have evidence for how it should have been and if we

for how it should have been and if we

for how it should have been and if we didn’t do a perfect job well so be it I

didn’t do a perfect job well so be it I

didn’t do a perfect job well so be it I mean but we didn’t we didn’t impose our

mean but we didn’t we didn’t impose our

mean but we didn’t we didn’t impose our vision so here you have the background

vision so here you have the background

vision so here you have the background of one of those paintings and then the

of one of those paintings and then the

of one of those paintings and then the cracks removed then we could color remap

cracks removed then we could color remap

cracks removed then we could color remap so here you have the eight authentic

so here you have the eight authentic

so here you have the eight authentic panel the old family and the background

panel the old family and the background

panel the old family and the background of the ninth new panel and because the

of the ninth new panel and because the

of the ninth new panel and because the compositions were borrowed from each

compositions were borrowed from each

compositions were borrowed from each other we knew exactly how the pigments

other we knew exactly how the pigments

other we knew exactly how the pigments that were new now looked after all their

that were new now looked after all their

that were new now looked after all their aging and we could use that in order to

aging and we could use that in order to

aging and we could use that in order to color remapping for these paintings so

color remapping for these paintings so

color remapping for these paintings so we here you see the color remapping for

we here you see the color remapping for

we here you see the color remapping for the old fourteenth century painting on

the old fourteenth century painting on

the old fourteenth century painting on the left and remapped two new colors on

the left and remapped two new colors on

the left and remapped two new colors on the right here you see the next one the

the right here you see the next one the

the right here you see the next one the new one on the right

new one on the right

new one on the right coloring mapped to the old version on

coloring mapped to the old version on

coloring mapped to the old version on the left and then of course to make a

the left and then of course to make a

the left and then of course to make a virtual aged version we had to put in

virtual aged version we had to put in

virtual aged version we had to put in cracks and then we had to add the gold

cracks and then we had to add the gold

cracks and then we had to add the gold and that is now what is in in the museum

and that is now what is in in the museum

and that is now what is in in the museum and I hope some of you get a chance to

and I hope some of you get a chance to

and I hope some of you get a chance to see it tomorrow it’s not expensive by

see it tomorrow it’s not expensive by

see it tomorrow it’s not expensive by uber to get an Oscar to to SEMA so it’s

uber to get an Oscar to to SEMA so it’s

uber to get an Oscar to to SEMA so it’s absolutely gorgeous to see all those

absolutely gorgeous to see all those

absolutely gorgeous to see all those paintings together you so this whole

paintings together you so this whole

paintings together you so this whole effort of the rejuvenation and the aging

effort of the rejuvenation and the aging

effort of the rejuvenation and the aging was done with the bus connections group

was done with the bus connections group

was done with the bus connections group with Under

with Under

with Under it’s here Duke and we had a ball and of

it’s here Duke and we had a ball and of

it’s here Duke and we had a ball and of course we had a lot of help also from

course we had a lot of help also from

course we had a lot of help also from Charlotte Augustus who gave us advice on

Charlotte Augustus who gave us advice on

Charlotte Augustus who gave us advice on the colors but you see the

the colors but you see the

the colors but you see the reconstruction of that ninth panel was

reconstruction of that ninth panel was

reconstruction of that ninth panel was uncharted waters for the art

uncharted waters for the art

uncharted waters for the art conservators and acuities they had never

conservators and acuities they had never

conservators and acuities they had never done something like that and they really

done something like that and they really

done something like that and they really enjoyed experience and then the whole

enjoyed experience and then the whole

enjoyed experience and then the whole remapping and and crack removal and so

remapping and and crack removal and so

remapping and and crack removal and so on was an exhilarating experience also

on was an exhilarating experience also

on was an exhilarating experience also for us it was no longer a research

for us it was no longer a research

for us it was no longer a research project because we had learned to do

project because we had learned to do

project because we had learned to do that research earlier on the outer piece

that research earlier on the outer piece

that research earlier on the outer piece of hint but it turned out they were

of hint but it turned out they were

of hint but it turned out they were uncharted waters for the mathematicians

uncharted waters for the mathematicians

uncharted waters for the mathematicians as well because we came up to a new

as well because we came up to a new

as well because we came up to a new problem we got to work with platypus

problem we got to work with platypus

problem we got to work with platypus platypus is a software package that we

platypus is a software package that we

platypus is a software package that we put together and that saw it’s that’s

put together and that saw it’s that’s

put together and that saw it’s that’s that that came that came to life because

that that came that came to life because

that that came that came to life because of the GC panel because in preparing for

of the GC panel because in preparing for

of the GC panel because in preparing for the work on the GC panel I asked to see

the work on the GC panel I asked to see

the work on the GC panel I asked to see the x-rays and when they showed me the

the x-rays and when they showed me the

the x-rays and when they showed me the x-rays here you see a detail and the

x-rays here you see a detail and the

x-rays here you see a detail and the x-ray I said what’s this nonsense it

x-ray I said what’s this nonsense it

x-ray I said what’s this nonsense it looks like it’s behind prison bars I

looks like it’s behind prison bars I

looks like it’s behind prison bars I mean isn’t that annoying to you and the

mean isn’t that annoying to you and the

mean isn’t that annoying to you and the conservator said no cone says yes it is

conservator said no cone says yes it is

conservator said no cone says yes it is annoying and it’s the cradle to cradle

annoying and it’s the cradle to cradle

annoying and it’s the cradle to cradle well cradling is something that you see

well cradling is something that you see

well cradling is something that you see on many paintings on wood panel here you

on many paintings on wood panel here you

on many paintings on wood panel here you see a detail of the other piece of Ghent

see a detail of the other piece of Ghent

see a detail of the other piece of Ghent it’s also cradled and the cradling is a

it’s also cradled and the cradling is a

it’s also cradled and the cradling is a hardwood structure of a lava structure

hardwood structure of a lava structure

hardwood structure of a lava structure that’s attached to the back of these

that’s attached to the back of these

that’s attached to the back of these panels he spends fortunately about an

panels he spends fortunately about an

panels he spends fortunately about an inch thick and they would kind of work

inch thick and they would kind of work

inch thick and they would kind of work and warp with temperature changes and

and warp with temperature changes and

and warp with temperature changes and when collectors bought them from the

when collectors bought them from the

when collectors bought them from the churches they preferred something that

churches they preferred something that

churches they preferred something that was flattered they also in some cases

was flattered they also in some cases

was flattered they also in some cases wanted to remove wood worm damage or

wanted to remove wood worm damage or

wanted to remove wood worm damage or other damage but in many cases it was

other damage but in many cases it was

other damage but in many cases it was just to flatten it and so they made them

just to flatten it and so they made them

just to flatten it and so they made them much thinner and then gave them

much thinner and then gave them

much thinner and then gave them structural in credit in integrity with

structural in credit in integrity with

structural in credit in integrity with this cradle and so this cradle would be

this cradle and so this cradle would be

this cradle and so this cradle would be attached to the

attached to the

attached to the back of it with with big fixed numbers

back of it with with big fixed numbers

back of it with with big fixed numbers and then sliding members the sliding

and then sliding members the sliding

and then sliding members the sliding members slid probably in the first few

members slid probably in the first few

members slid probably in the first few years and then after that the wood had

years and then after that the wood had

years and then after that the wood had worked so much that it they were rock

worked so much that it they were rock

worked so much that it they were rock fast but when you x-ray something like

fast but when you x-ray something like

fast but when you x-ray something like that of course all you see is cradle I

that of course all you see is cradle I

that of course all you see is cradle I mean and so all the subtle brushwork

mean and so all the subtle brushwork

mean and so all the subtle brushwork that you use the x-rays for or the

that you use the x-rays for or the

that you use the x-rays for or the subtle details of conservation are

subtle details of conservation are

subtle details of conservation are swamped out by that big difference and

swamped out by that big difference and

swamped out by that big difference and so when I heard about this I said well

so when I heard about this I said well

so when I heard about this I said well maybe math can help so and but it was a

maybe math can help so and but it was a

maybe math can help so and but it was a very challenging problem because not

very challenging problem because not

very challenging problem because not only it wasn’t so hard to find the

only it wasn’t so hard to find the

only it wasn’t so hard to find the location of those cradle members and the

location of those cradle members and the

location of those cradle members and the first part of our algorithm does that

first part of our algorithm does that

first part of our algorithm does that and it can be assisted if it’s a little

and it can be assisted if it’s a little

and it can be assisted if it’s a little bit difficult by actually by the by the

bit difficult by actually by the by the

bit difficult by actually by the by the art conservator but the more interesting

art conservator but the more interesting

art conservator but the more interesting thing is that after you’ve removed that

thing is that after you’ve removed that

thing is that after you’ve removed that wood structure you actually still have a

wood structure you actually still have a

wood structure you actually still have a lot of wood grain from that cradle

lot of wood grain from that cradle

lot of wood grain from that cradle sitting there as you can see here on the

sitting there as you can see here on the

sitting there as you can see here on the right and they have been by then we have

right and they have been by then we have

right and they have been by then we have become heroes for they are conservators

become heroes for they are conservators

become heroes for they are conservators so they said but you could you could you

so they said but you could you could you

so they said but you could you could you please take the wood grain away of the

please take the wood grain away of the

please take the wood grain away of the cradle but we want to keep the wood

cradle but we want to keep the wood

cradle but we want to keep the wood grain of the panel I said she really and

grain of the panel I said she really and

grain of the panel I said she really and I said but maybe we can and it turned

I said but maybe we can and it turned

I said but maybe we can and it turned out it was very challenging I mean so

out it was very challenging I mean so

out it was very challenging I mean so here you have on the left a piece of

here you have on the left a piece of

here you have on the left a piece of Aggie see and on the right the the we

Aggie see and on the right the the we

Aggie see and on the right the the we have removed the intensity but the wood

have removed the intensity but the wood

have removed the intensity but the wood grain is still there and on the Left

grain is still there and on the Left

grain is still there and on the Left wood grain is gone so how did we do that

wood grain is gone so how did we do that

wood grain is gone so how did we do that well we knew of course where the

well we knew of course where the

well we knew of course where the different cradle members have been and

different cradle members have been and

different cradle members have been and so we use machine learning techniques to

so we use machine learning techniques to

so we use machine learning techniques to isolate first of all what wood grain was

isolate first of all what wood grain was

isolate first of all what wood grain was and then to find where the different

and then to find where the different

and then to find where the different wood grain what nature was of wood grain

wood grain what nature was of wood grain

wood grain what nature was of wood grain while you only had panel of panel Plus

while you only had panel of panel Plus

while you only had panel of panel Plus cradle and so on and then we could

cradle and so on and then we could

cradle and so on and then we could remove it and that was a part of the the

remove it and that was a part of the the

remove it and that was a part of the the graduate work of one of my graduate

graduate work of one of my graduate

graduate work of one of my graduate students and we were very proud and so

students and we were very proud and so

students and we were very proud and so it’s now used this is for a piece of an

it’s now used this is for a piece of an

it’s now used this is for a piece of an egg here you see a piece of the paddle

egg here you see a piece of the paddle

egg here you see a piece of the paddle in

in

in we actually can compare with because

we actually can compare with because

we actually can compare with because that was a case where they removed the

that was a case where they removed the

that was a case where they removed the the the cradle structure by hand because

the the cradle structure by hand because

the the cradle structure by hand because it was causing damage to the painting

it was causing damage to the painting

it was causing damage to the painting and you can see that we are actually

and you can see that we are actually

and you can see that we are actually much closer to the ground truth with

much closer to the ground truth with

much closer to the ground truth with platypus the name of the software then

platypus the name of the software then

platypus the name of the software then with what what what people could do

with what what what people could do

with what what what people could do before so this was done with

before so this was done with

before so this was done with collaboration of art conservators art

collaboration of art conservators art

collaboration of art conservators art curators and students and postdocs and

curators and students and postdocs and

curators and students and postdocs and Platypus has learned to leave its cradle

Platypus has learned to leave its cradle

Platypus has learned to leave its cradle and if everything goes well with the

and if everything goes well with the

and if everything goes well with the presentation then we now can see the

presentation then we now can see the

presentation then we now can see the movie that is the rejuvenated panel of

movie that is the rejuvenated panel of

movie that is the rejuvenated panel of the legacy so thank you very much

the legacy so thank you very much

the legacy so thank you very much [Applause]