so I wanted to start with one particular question that bothered me throughout
question that bothered me throughout
question that bothered me throughout ages throughout my
ages throughout my
ages throughout my how how can world look like if you could
how how can world look like if you could
how how can world look like if you could see any other dimension that what we can
see any other dimension that what we can
see any other dimension that what we can see three spatial dimensions and another
see three spatial dimensions and another
see three spatial dimensions and another field of time what if the world had more
field of time what if the world had more
field of time what if the world had more than mentions than that what if we lived
than mentions than that what if we lived
than mentions than that what if we lived for example and I want now to place
for example and I want now to place
for example and I want now to place everybody’s mind into this floor and you
everybody’s mind into this floor and you
everybody’s mind into this floor and you lived in two-dimensional world where you
lived in two-dimensional world where you
lived in two-dimensional world where you can only move within the floor within
can only move within the floor within
can only move within the floor within that plane and somebody suddenly put a
that plane and somebody suddenly put a
that plane and somebody suddenly put a chair on your world providing that
chair on your world providing that
chair on your world providing that nobody’s hurt now if you world your
nobody’s hurt now if you world your
nobody’s hurt now if you world your geometers world run immediately and look
geometers world run immediately and look
geometers world run immediately and look for those four circles that appeared out
for those four circles that appeared out
for those four circles that appeared out of nowhere in their world and they
of nowhere in their world and they
of nowhere in their world and they wouldn’t know really what to make of it
wouldn’t know really what to make of it
wouldn’t know really what to make of it there is one two three four they are in
there is one two three four they are in
there is one two three four they are in some kind of orientation but there’s no
some kind of orientation but there’s no
some kind of orientation but there’s no connection between them what if you
connection between them what if you
connection between them what if you could perceive the third dimension up
could perceive the third dimension up
could perceive the third dimension up here you would see that that’s a part of
here you would see that that’s a part of
here you would see that that’s a part of an object and all of these are connected
an object and all of these are connected
an object and all of these are connected and somebody made that object with the
and somebody made that object with the
and somebody made that object with the purpose and with intention put it on to
purpose and with intention put it on to
purpose and with intention put it on to your world how much of the information
your world how much of the information
your world how much of the information you are losing just by not being able to
you are losing just by not being able to
you are losing just by not being able to perceive one extra dimension so that was
perceive one extra dimension so that was
perceive one extra dimension so that was my big problem and still is how can we
my big problem and still is how can we
my big problem and still is how can we find a way to overcome those lack of
find a way to overcome those lack of
find a way to overcome those lack of senses and one of the ways which is
senses and one of the ways which is
senses and one of the ways which is brilliant is mathematics what prevents
brilliant is mathematics what prevents
brilliant is mathematics what prevents you to do four dimensions nothing really
you to do four dimensions nothing really
you to do four dimensions nothing really you can have a line and that line is
you can have a line and that line is
you can have a line and that line is one-dimensional you push the line
one-dimensional you push the line
one-dimensional you push the line parallel to itself you have a plane two
parallel to itself you have a plane two
parallel to itself you have a plane two dimensions you have a line length a
dimensions you have a line length a
dimensions you have a line length a surface area that you push that line
surface area that you push that line
surface area that you push that line parallel to itself would be a times a
parallel to itself would be a times a
parallel to itself would be a times a you push that plane that little square
you push that plane that little square
you push that plane that little square that you got parallel to itself and you
that you got parallel to itself and you
that you got parallel to itself and you will get a shape the three-dimensional
will get a shape the three-dimensional
will get a shape the three-dimensional shape with volume eight times any time
shape with volume eight times any time
shape with volume eight times any time say now your vision is blocked but you
say now your vision is blocked but you
say now your vision is blocked but you can do easily math of a times a times a
can do easily math of a times a times a
can do easily math of a times a times a times a and going to four dimensions and
times a and going to four dimensions and
times a and going to four dimensions and that’s what we do enhance our senses
that’s what we do enhance our senses
that’s what we do enhance our senses every day in every single sense our
every day in every single sense our
every day in every single sense our vision is really poor so if you want to
vision is really poor so if you want to
vision is really poor so if you want to see anything in the universe you have to
see anything in the universe you have to
see anything in the universe you have to magnet
magnet
magnet right you have to let’s say see our moon
right you have to let’s say see our moon
right you have to let’s say see our moon like that magnified or you travel which
like that magnified or you travel which
like that magnified or you travel which we do these days with Cassini spacecraft
we do these days with Cassini spacecraft
we do these days with Cassini spacecraft close to Saturn and to see another moon
close to Saturn and to see another moon
close to Saturn and to see another moon Saturn’s moon Enceladus there but that’s
Saturn’s moon Enceladus there but that’s
Saturn’s moon Enceladus there but that’s not a problem with our vision we can
not a problem with our vision we can
not a problem with our vision we can magnify all we want but we do not see
magnify all we want but we do not see
magnify all we want but we do not see things we do not see all the light that
things we do not see all the light that
things we do not see all the light that is out there we do not see cold
is out there we do not see cold
is out there we do not see cold radiation from bodies and that’s also
radiation from bodies and that’s also
radiation from bodies and that’s also called light that are colder like minus
called light that are colder like minus
called light that are colder like minus 270 degrees we do not see even our own
270 degrees we do not see even our own
270 degrees we do not see even our own radiation if we turn off all the lights
radiation if we turn off all the lights
radiation if we turn off all the lights we won’t see each other we don’t see
we won’t see each other we don’t see
we won’t see each other we don’t see that what we call infrared what we
that what we call infrared what we
that what we call infrared what we really see glowing from objects unless
really see glowing from objects unless
really see glowing from objects unless it’s just reflection glowing objects at
it’s just reflection glowing objects at
it’s just reflection glowing objects at about 600 degrees start glowing down red
about 600 degrees start glowing down red
about 600 degrees start glowing down red and as you heat them further like your
and as you heat them further like your
and as you heat them further like your stove element they would go through
stove element they would go through
stove element they would go through rainbow colors all the way until hotter
rainbow colors all the way until hotter
rainbow colors all the way until hotter than 10000 you can’t see either
than 10000 you can’t see either
than 10000 you can’t see either anymore it’s ultraviolet and hotter than
anymore it’s ultraviolet and hotter than
anymore it’s ultraviolet and hotter than that is x-ray and gamma-ray and if you
that is x-ray and gamma-ray and if you
that is x-ray and gamma-ray and if you could put and kind of like a boundary
could put and kind of like a boundary
could put and kind of like a boundary here and here in this spectrum of light
here and here in this spectrum of light
here and here in this spectrum of light and stretch the spectrum of light to be
and stretch the spectrum of light to be
and stretch the spectrum of light to be something like width of Canada human
something like width of Canada human
something like width of Canada human vision is a thickness of a human hair
vision is a thickness of a human hair
vision is a thickness of a human hair that’s how little we see so what do we
that’s how little we see so what do we
that’s how little we see so what do we do about that well we have to now
do about that well we have to now
do about that well we have to now enhance our senses again with something
enhance our senses again with something
enhance our senses again with something like detectors of that light which we
like detectors of that light which we
like detectors of that light which we can see you see here solar image Sun our
can see you see here solar image Sun our
can see you see here solar image Sun our Sun this is what humans see all the
Sun this is what humans see all the
Sun this is what humans see all the other colors are false colors of lights
other colors are false colors of lights
other colors are false colors of lights which we can see but your dog and cat
which we can see but your dog and cat
which we can see but your dog and cat can see some of them ultraviolet they
can see some of them ultraviolet they
can see some of them ultraviolet they can see it birds as well in insects and
can see it birds as well in insects and
can see it birds as well in insects and snakes can see infrared which we cannot
snakes can see infrared which we cannot
snakes can see infrared which we cannot see so these pictures here bothered me
see so these pictures here bothered me
see so these pictures here bothered me the most all my life this is Sun this is
the most all my life this is Sun this is
the most all my life this is Sun this is Sun in human visible spectrum this one
Sun in human visible spectrum this one
Sun in human visible spectrum this one here and this one and this is the dahle
here and this one and this is the dahle
here and this one and this is the dahle picture all the others come from
picture all the others come from
picture all the others come from different forms of light which we our
different forms of light which we our
different forms of light which we our eyes are not sensitive to so we needed
eyes are not sensitive to so we needed
eyes are not sensitive to so we needed instruments you know
instruments you know
instruments you know to precede them this picture here is a
to precede them this picture here is a
to precede them this picture here is a me seen by humans so this is me at Jet
me seen by humans so this is me at Jet
me seen by humans so this is me at Jet Propulsion lab seen by human camera the
Propulsion lab seen by human camera the
Propulsion lab seen by human camera the other one is seen by camera either
other one is seen by camera either
other one is seen by camera either military or snakes can see it this is
military or snakes can see it this is
military or snakes can see it this is the distribution of heat on my body and
the distribution of heat on my body and
the distribution of heat on my body and you need now because these are all false
you need now because these are all false
you need now because these are all false colors just like in this case false
colors just like in this case false
colors just like in this case false colors which we cannot perceive need
colors which we cannot perceive need
colors which we cannot perceive need code in order to decode them so we know
code in order to decode them so we know
code in order to decode them so we know that here the brightest white is the
that here the brightest white is the
that here the brightest white is the hottest thing and if we decode it
hottest thing and if we decode it
hottest thing and if we decode it properly you know distribution of heat
properly you know distribution of heat
properly you know distribution of heat on my body here so now look at the sky
on my body here so now look at the sky
on my body here so now look at the sky this is a region of sky which is pretty
this is a region of sky which is pretty
this is a region of sky which is pretty doubt aside for a few interesting stars
doubt aside for a few interesting stars
doubt aside for a few interesting stars around the hunter but look at this now
around the hunter but look at this now
around the hunter but look at this now this is view that snakes might see
this is view that snakes might see
this is view that snakes might see because this is infrared this is that
because this is infrared this is that
because this is infrared this is that lower temperature than humans can see
lower temperature than humans can see
lower temperature than humans can see stars are forming there that are lower
stars are forming there that are lower
stars are forming there that are lower temperature than when they start glowing
temperature than when they start glowing
temperature than when they start glowing in human visible light so that we can
in human visible light so that we can
in human visible light so that we can see them so this is the area of a bigger
see them so this is the area of a bigger
see them so this is the area of a bigger star formation where stars of toronto
star formation where stars of toronto
star formation where stars of toronto star stars and making and the clouds
star stars and making and the clouds
star stars and making and the clouds from which the stars are made look at
from which the stars are made look at
from which the stars are made look at this image here there’s a galaxy called
this image here there’s a galaxy called
this image here there’s a galaxy called for at least a and it’s a dorm in the
for at least a and it’s a dorm in the
for at least a and it’s a dorm in the galaxy you don’t really recognize
galaxy you don’t really recognize
galaxy you don’t really recognize anything special it is very non active
anything special it is very non active
anything special it is very non active galaxy in human view but if you turn
galaxy in human view but if you turn
galaxy in human view but if you turn radio telescope radio waves are emitted
radio telescope radio waves are emitted
radio telescope radio waves are emitted by the coldest gas in our universe you
by the coldest gas in our universe you
by the coldest gas in our universe you see jets of hydrogen gas ejected from
see jets of hydrogen gas ejected from
see jets of hydrogen gas ejected from the very center of that galaxy and you
the very center of that galaxy and you
the very center of that galaxy and you see that that galaxy is active we knew
see that that galaxy is active we knew
see that that galaxy is active we knew nothing about it until we announced our
nothing about it until we announced our
nothing about it until we announced our senses with some other type of vision
senses with some other type of vision
senses with some other type of vision this right here came from the very
this right here came from the very
this right here came from the very origin of our universe that is radio
origin of our universe that is radio
origin of our universe that is radio waves that are all around us at equal
waves that are all around us at equal
waves that are all around us at equal temperature minus 270 degrees and they
temperature minus 270 degrees and they
temperature minus 270 degrees and they were found after the idea of space and
were found after the idea of space and
were found after the idea of space and time being connected idea by Einstein
time being connected idea by Einstein
time being connected idea by Einstein space-time as we
space-time as we
space-time as we read of the universe space-time the
read of the universe space-time the
read of the universe space-time the problem with that idea was not only that
problem with that idea was not only that
problem with that idea was not only that we never before 1905 knew anything about
we never before 1905 knew anything about
we never before 1905 knew anything about space and time putting it together
space and time putting it together
space and time putting it together the problem was that space and time and
the problem was that space and time and
the problem was that space and time and his idea and it was tested trust me so
his idea and it was tested trust me so
his idea and it was tested trust me so many times over these hundred years then
many times over these hundred years then
many times over these hundred years then it is actually malleable by matter when
it is actually malleable by matter when
it is actually malleable by matter when you put it in space-time space-time
you put it in space-time space-time
you put it in space-time space-time curves in the presence of matter and one
curves in the presence of matter and one
curves in the presence of matter and one of the other researchers not Einstein
of the other researchers not Einstein
of the other researchers not Einstein himself I said didn’t believe in that
himself I said didn’t believe in that
himself I said didn’t believe in that what I’m telling you right now at all
what I’m telling you right now at all
what I’m telling you right now at all father George Lemaitre he calculated
father George Lemaitre he calculated
father George Lemaitre he calculated that if you put matter in universe’s
that if you put matter in universe’s
that if you put matter in universe’s space-time it is going to be unstable
space-time it is going to be unstable
space-time it is going to be unstable either contracting or expanding and he I
either contracting or expanding and he I
either contracting or expanding and he I stand absolutely couldn’t believe in
stand absolutely couldn’t believe in
stand absolutely couldn’t believe in that he stabilized the equations
that he stabilized the equations
that he stabilized the equations immediately but at the same time Edwin
immediately but at the same time Edwin
immediately but at the same time Edwin Hubble this is 1920s saw that galaxies
Hubble this is 1920s saw that galaxies
Hubble this is 1920s saw that galaxies are rushing away from each other just
are rushing away from each other just
are rushing away from each other just like something is spreading them apart
like something is spreading them apart
like something is spreading them apart so you have a theoretical very strong
so you have a theoretical very strong
so you have a theoretical very strong theory of gravity at that time and you
theory of gravity at that time and you
theory of gravity at that time and you have observation that are showing you
have observation that are showing you
have observation that are showing you the same thing so whether you as human
the same thing so whether you as human
the same thing so whether you as human can understand it or not you have to go
can understand it or not you have to go
can understand it or not you have to go with facts that are bright in your face
with facts that are bright in your face
with facts that are bright in your face so Humanity faced in 1920s for the first
so Humanity faced in 1920s for the first
so Humanity faced in 1920s for the first time in history first of all changing
time in history first of all changing
time in history first of all changing nature of space-time wobbling and
nature of space-time wobbling and
nature of space-time wobbling and warping in the presence of mass and
warping in the presence of mass and
warping in the presence of mass and second of all that universe was not
second of all that universe was not
second of all that universe was not forever here it is not static and it
forever here it is not static and it
forever here it is not static and it started so then nuclear physicists ask
started so then nuclear physicists ask
started so then nuclear physicists ask how did it start how can universe start
how did it start how can universe start
how did it start how can universe start how are we here now we have protons
how are we here now we have protons
how are we here now we have protons electrons neutrons how do they occur
electrons neutrons how do they occur
electrons neutrons how do they occur they occur as energy just condenses into
they occur as energy just condenses into
they occur as energy just condenses into particles so we have to have in the
particles so we have to have in the
particles so we have to have in the beginning very high energy so particles
beginning very high energy so particles
beginning very high energy so particles can come to be particles immediately
can come to be particles immediately
can come to be particles immediately bonded to atoms atoms are hydrogen
bonded to atoms atoms are hydrogen
bonded to atoms atoms are hydrogen helium gases these are clouds of gas and
helium gases these are clouds of gas and
helium gases these are clouds of gas and then what happens is you have gases that
then what happens is you have gases that
then what happens is you have gases that are clumpy you have desert and you have
are clumpy you have desert and you have
are clumpy you have desert and you have less dense pieces there but what is now
less dense pieces there but what is now
less dense pieces there but what is now going through those gases
going through those gases
going through those gases initial light from that burst of energy
initial light from that burst of energy
initial light from that burst of energy and that light we call cosmic microwave
and that light we call cosmic microwave
and that light we call cosmic microwave background radiation and that light
background radiation and that light
background radiation and that light actually is in radio waves today seen
actually is in radio waves today seen
actually is in radio waves today seen because it was predicted by a nuclear
because it was predicted by a nuclear
because it was predicted by a nuclear physicist in 1940s that if you now
physicist in 1940s that if you now
physicist in 1940s that if you now spread the universe from that energy
spread the universe from that energy
spread the universe from that energy apart energy will cool and it’s expected
apart energy will cool and it’s expected
apart energy will cool and it’s expected to be today at about night and minus 270
to be today at about night and minus 270
to be today at about night and minus 270 degrees Celsius that was found this is
degrees Celsius that was found this is
degrees Celsius that was found this is the recent picture of it very recent
the recent picture of it very recent
the recent picture of it very recent where we can can add actually measure to
where we can can add actually measure to
where we can can add actually measure to what degree this radiation from all over
what degree this radiation from all over
what degree this radiation from all over the sky that’s the coldest of the
the sky that’s the coldest of the
the sky that’s the coldest of the universe to what degree is it uniform to
universe to what degree is it uniform to
universe to what degree is it uniform to degree of one hundred thousandth of a
degree of one hundred thousandth of a
degree of one hundred thousandth of a degree and on those values hundred
degree and on those values hundred
degree and on those values hundred thousand of a degree
thousand of a degree
thousand of a degree you see these fluctuations that are
you see these fluctuations that are
you see these fluctuations that are colder and harder regions and what are
colder and harder regions and what are
colder and harder regions and what are they showing you the density of earliest
they showing you the density of earliest
they showing you the density of earliest matter that came to be in the universe
matter that came to be in the universe
matter that came to be in the universe because light went through denser and
because light went through denser and
because light went through denser and through less dense pockets and they
through less dense pockets and they
through less dense pockets and they actually made imprint in the first light
actually made imprint in the first light
actually made imprint in the first light in the universe which is completely
in the universe which is completely
in the universe which is completely coherent with our picture of large-scale
coherent with our picture of large-scale
coherent with our picture of large-scale today where we are in one of those
today where we are in one of those
today where we are in one of those clusters super clusters of galaxies and
clusters super clusters of galaxies and
clusters super clusters of galaxies and you see something very unusual in this
you see something very unusual in this
you see something very unusual in this picture all of these are big structures
picture all of these are big structures
picture all of these are big structures that evolved as universe evolved but the
that evolved as universe evolved but the
that evolved as universe evolved but the purplish thing colored it’s some matter
purplish thing colored it’s some matter
purplish thing colored it’s some matter that is needed to be there to
that is needed to be there to
that is needed to be there to gravitationally keep this together and
gravitationally keep this together and
gravitationally keep this together and that matter is called dark matter we
that matter is called dark matter we
that matter is called dark matter we have no sense to feel it absolutely no
have no sense to feel it absolutely no
have no sense to feel it absolutely no sense we feel visually even audio the
sense we feel visually even audio the
sense we feel visually even audio the first light from the universe this one
first light from the universe this one
first light from the universe this one we can even predict that if universe was
we can even predict that if universe was
we can even predict that if universe was small and dense and super dense in that
small and dense and super dense in that
small and dense and super dense in that era
era
era then particles what sound wave is a is a
then particles what sound wave is a is a
then particles what sound wave is a is a ripple in particles of medium particles
ripple in particles of medium particles
ripple in particles of medium particles have to be rippling with space-time
have to be rippling with space-time
have to be rippling with space-time ripples in the beginning and we did
ripples in the beginning and we did
ripples in the beginning and we did actually record harmonic and to
actually record harmonic and to
actually record harmonic and to – harmonics of it so we can even
– harmonics of it so we can even
– harmonics of it so we can even translate that big bag as we call it
translate that big bag as we call it
translate that big bag as we call it into sound but what is needed here now
into sound but what is needed here now
into sound but what is needed here now is dark matter the matter that is
is dark matter the matter that is
is dark matter the matter that is gravitationally there but we can see it
gravitationally there but we can see it
gravitationally there but we can see it feel it nothing we can just color it and
feel it nothing we can just color it and
feel it nothing we can just color it and say AHA here’s purple but we don’t know
say AHA here’s purple but we don’t know
say AHA here’s purple but we don’t know what this is at all they’re not
what this is at all they’re not
what this is at all they’re not particles at all sound we you is also to
particles at all sound we you is also to
particles at all sound we you is also to probe things which we that’s another
probe things which we that’s another
probe things which we that’s another sense of ours which is very poor but we
sense of ours which is very poor but we
sense of ours which is very poor but we can actually convert into sound waves
can actually convert into sound waves
can actually convert into sound waves some things for example son we don’t
some things for example son we don’t
some things for example son we don’t know what’s inside if anybody shows you
know what’s inside if anybody shows you
know what’s inside if anybody shows you a book and says cut out of the Sun
a book and says cut out of the Sun
a book and says cut out of the Sun that’s what’s inside ask them
that’s what’s inside ask them
that’s what’s inside ask them immediately why how do you know how do
immediately why how do you know how do
immediately why how do you know how do you know what’s inside of the earth
you know what’s inside of the earth
you know what’s inside of the earth lighter so those elementary books with
lighter so those elementary books with
lighter so those elementary books with cutouts of sun and earth I’m like is any
cutouts of sun and earth I’m like is any
cutouts of sun and earth I’m like is any one of these kids asking how do you know
one of these kids asking how do you know
one of these kids asking how do you know this you know well we really have a hard
this you know well we really have a hard
this you know well we really have a hard time figuring it out but if you know
time figuring it out but if you know
time figuring it out but if you know that there’s some kind of an energy
that there’s some kind of an energy
that there’s some kind of an energy burst from inside it has to manifest
burst from inside it has to manifest
burst from inside it has to manifest itself as ripples of the surface here
itself as ripples of the surface here
itself as ripples of the surface here and those ripples are you can convert
and those ripples are you can convert
and those ripples are you can convert them into sound waves and then analyze
them into sound waves and then analyze
them into sound waves and then analyze them and here’s the music of our can it
them and here’s the music of our can it
them and here’s the music of our can it work no that’s okay it’s like boom or
work no that’s okay it’s like boom or
work no that’s okay it’s like boom or something would be so now our vision not
something would be so now our vision not
something would be so now our vision not only that it’s not enough but what is
only that it’s not enough but what is
only that it’s not enough but what is really crazy is that it is crooked as
really crazy is that it is crooked as
really crazy is that it is crooked as well and the space-time that is now
well and the space-time that is now
well and the space-time that is now curved and it’s curved in the presence
curved and it’s curved in the presence
curved and it’s curved in the presence of mass I will go back to two dimensions
of mass I will go back to two dimensions
of mass I will go back to two dimensions I will bring you back to the floor
I will bring you back to the floor
I will bring you back to the floor because this space-time here that we’re
because this space-time here that we’re
because this space-time here that we’re talking about is two-dimensional and
talking about is two-dimensional and
talking about is two-dimensional and what we need is three dimensional
what we need is three dimensional
what we need is three dimensional space-time curving in a presence of mass
space-time curving in a presence of mass
space-time curving in a presence of mass into something higher dimensional but we
into something higher dimensional but we
into something higher dimensional but we can’t inversion that so I have a bunch
can’t inversion that so I have a bunch
can’t inversion that so I have a bunch of marbles here and I will show you how
of marbles here and I will show you how
of marbles here and I will show you how when the mass is in curved space-time
when the mass is in curved space-time
when the mass is in curved space-time now all the orbits are nicely you know
now all the orbits are nicely you know
now all the orbits are nicely you know set mathematically to be perfect what
set mathematically to be perfect what
set mathematically to be perfect what orbits of bodies really are in the
orbits of bodies really are in the
orbits of bodies really are in the nature and look at this mass now that’s
nature and look at this mass now that’s
nature and look at this mass now that’s traveling through space time huh it
traveling through space time huh it
traveling through space time huh it curved and imagine now like doing the
curved and imagine now like doing the
curved and imagine now like doing the same thing curving like that so what is
same thing curving like that so what is
same thing curving like that so what is here in this picture is a specific thing
here in this picture is a specific thing
here in this picture is a specific thing that I want to point out to you this is
that I want to point out to you this is
that I want to point out to you this is you here on earth so that’s you over
you here on earth so that’s you over
you here on earth so that’s you over there there’s a huge cluster of galaxies
there there’s a huge cluster of galaxies
there there’s a huge cluster of galaxies that is supermassive making huge indent
that is supermassive making huge indent
that is supermassive making huge indent in space-time and here’s galaxies which
in space-time and here’s galaxies which
in space-time and here’s galaxies which you cannot see because of this
you cannot see because of this
you cannot see because of this intervening one here but the light from
intervening one here but the light from
intervening one here but the light from this galaxy goes in all directions and
this galaxy goes in all directions and
this galaxy goes in all directions and few rays are going along the curved
few rays are going along the curved
few rays are going along the curved space-time and coming to you this way
space-time and coming to you this way
space-time and coming to you this way what you can only see is the last bit of
what you can only see is the last bit of
what you can only see is the last bit of white and the maraj that goes along that
white and the maraj that goes along that
white and the maraj that goes along that last bit of light to you and you see me
last bit of light to you and you see me
last bit of light to you and you see me Roger
Roger
Roger behind galaxy you don’t see galaxy at
behind galaxy you don’t see galaxy at
behind galaxy you don’t see galaxy at all you see mirages all around this
all you see mirages all around this
all you see mirages all around this cluster look at the real picture in the
cluster look at the real picture in the
cluster look at the real picture in the sky
sky
sky first people thought oh these are some
first people thought oh these are some
first people thought oh these are some arcs you know from faulty optics know
arcs you know from faulty optics know
arcs you know from faulty optics know they are real mirages of things that are
they are real mirages of things that are
they are real mirages of things that are behind this cluster right here and they
behind this cluster right here and they
behind this cluster right here and they are lens because clusters making huger
are lens because clusters making huger
are lens because clusters making huger than the space time and light is going
than the space time and light is going
than the space time and light is going curving and coming into your eyes so
curving and coming into your eyes so
curving and coming into your eyes so that you visually see completely bogus
that you visually see completely bogus
that you visually see completely bogus picture something that is not out there
picture something that is not out there
picture something that is not out there but you can analyze it the more massive
but you can analyze it the more massive
but you can analyze it the more massive the mass is there the the big you know
the mass is there the the big you know
the mass is there the the big you know blob is there the more curving will
blob is there the more curving will
blob is there the more curving will happens to all the bases of this
happens to all the bases of this
happens to all the bases of this curvature here of these images you can
curvature here of these images you can
curvature here of these images you can make what is the mass of a cluster and
make what is the mass of a cluster and
make what is the mass of a cluster and when you do that gravitational mass that
when you do that gravitational mass that
when you do that gravitational mass that made this is so much bigger than any
made this is so much bigger than any
made this is so much bigger than any luminous matter can show you dark matter
luminous matter can show you dark matter
luminous matter can show you dark matter is right there staring at you screaming
is right there staring at you screaming
is right there staring at you screaming at you
at you
at you can’t see it but gravitational it shows
can’t see it but gravitational it shows
can’t see it but gravitational it shows it’s there in a perfect alignment
it’s there in a perfect alignment
it’s there in a perfect alignment between a lens and that lens the galaxy
between a lens and that lens the galaxy
between a lens and that lens the galaxy and you you would see actually a circle
and you you would see actually a circle
and you you would see actually a circle of images around lenses and these two
of images around lenses and these two
of images around lenses and these two are this is real photograph these are
are this is real photograph these are
are this is real photograph these are two galaxies that are making a huge
two galaxies that are making a huge
two galaxies that are making a huge indent in space-time and behind you have
indent in space-time and behind you have
indent in space-time and behind you have a blue galaxy which is smeared in a
a blue galaxy which is smeared in a
a blue galaxy which is smeared in a circle like that so that’s to the best
circle like that so that’s to the best
circle like that so that’s to the best of our ability to interpret crazy thing
of our ability to interpret crazy thing
of our ability to interpret crazy thing that we see in the universe so now how
that we see in the universe so now how
that we see in the universe so now how was that tested that’s the first thing
was that tested that’s the first thing
was that tested that’s the first thing you have to ask anybody was telling you
you have to ask anybody was telling you
you have to ask anybody was telling you this stuff it was tested by the
this stuff it was tested by the
this stuff it was tested by the longest-running experiment is history
longest-running experiment is history
longest-running experiment is history from 1920s whenever start of until 2008
from 1920s whenever start of until 2008
from 1920s whenever start of until 2008 when it finally finalized results for
when it finally finalized results for
when it finally finalized results for gyroscopes which are spinning things
gyroscopes which are spinning things
gyroscopes which are spinning things keeping their axis as steady as possible
keeping their axis as steady as possible
keeping their axis as steady as possible and a telescope that is pointing to a
and a telescope that is pointing to a
and a telescope that is pointing to a distance star they are going in a
distance star they are going in a
distance star they are going in a swirling space-time which according to
swirling space-time which according to
swirling space-time which according to Einstein has to be tagged by the spin of
Einstein has to be tagged by the spin of
Einstein has to be tagged by the spin of Earth around its axis and if space-time
Earth around its axis and if space-time
Earth around its axis and if space-time is tagged like that we call it a frame
is tagged like that we call it a frame
is tagged like that we call it a frame dragging then gyroscopes have to go with
dragging then gyroscopes have to go with
dragging then gyroscopes have to go with the space-time that is curved and so
the space-time that is curved and so
the space-time that is curved and so many years of making it in technology
many years of making it in technology
many years of making it in technology advancement and finally 2004 and 2008
advancement and finally 2004 and 2008
advancement and finally 2004 and 2008 confirmation came gyroscopes moved
confirmation came gyroscopes moved
confirmation came gyroscopes moved exactly according to the curvature of
exactly according to the curvature of
exactly according to the curvature of space-time
space-time
space-time absolutely brilliant think developed
absolutely brilliant think developed
absolutely brilliant think developed from 1920s until 2008 now the
from 1920s until 2008 now the
from 1920s until 2008 now the consequence of that is that you have
consequence of that is that you have
consequence of that is that you have space-time curving the round masses
space-time curving the round masses
space-time curving the round masses imagine yourself actually that’s what I
imagine yourself actually that’s what I
imagine yourself actually that’s what I imagine every day when somebody wants to
imagine every day when somebody wants to
imagine every day when somebody wants to spill coffee and the bus hit me with
spill coffee and the bus hit me with
spill coffee and the bus hit me with possibly stops I’m like oh we’re all
possibly stops I’m like oh we’re all
possibly stops I’m like oh we’re all warbling in space-time making some
warbling in space-time making some
warbling in space-time making some ripples in jello because we are throw a
ripples in jello because we are throw a
ripples in jello because we are throw a little bit of quantum physics and say we
little bit of quantum physics and say we
little bit of quantum physics and say we are now waves of energy blobbing through
are now waves of energy blobbing through
are now waves of energy blobbing through rippling spacetime around and you’ll
rippling spacetime around and you’ll
rippling spacetime around and you’ll have
have
have scene you will not be annoyed by people
scene you will not be annoyed by people
scene you will not be annoyed by people that are really annoying
that are really annoying
that are really annoying around your neighborhood who wants to
around your neighborhood who wants to
around your neighborhood who wants to sue you for twenty centimeters of land
sue you for twenty centimeters of land
sue you for twenty centimeters of land thinking there that’s who owns that land
thinking there that’s who owns that land
thinking there that’s who owns that land anyway so that’s a big picture that we
anyway so that’s a big picture that we
anyway so that’s a big picture that we have to take from here this is here two
have to take from here this is here two
have to take from here this is here two black holes orbiting one another and
black holes orbiting one another and
black holes orbiting one another and they make a serious ripple in space-time
they make a serious ripple in space-time
they make a serious ripple in space-time that ripple propagates and here’s
that ripple propagates and here’s
that ripple propagates and here’s another artists imagination it
another artists imagination it
another artists imagination it propagates as a gravitational wave this
propagates as a gravitational wave this
propagates as a gravitational wave this is a kind of animation of what was
is a kind of animation of what was
is a kind of animation of what was received into our LIGO detector in 2015
received into our LIGO detector in 2015
received into our LIGO detector in 2015 two black holes 1.3 billion light years
two black holes 1.3 billion light years
two black holes 1.3 billion light years away that signal traveled 1.3 billion
away that signal traveled 1.3 billion
away that signal traveled 1.3 billion years to reach us the gravitational wave
years to reach us the gravitational wave
years to reach us the gravitational wave that is the result of it which is the
that is the result of it which is the
that is the result of it which is the ripple of space-time itself it’s not
ripple of space-time itself it’s not
ripple of space-time itself it’s not like sound rippling or something jellow
like sound rippling or something jellow
like sound rippling or something jellow it is a space-time itself how cool is
it is a space-time itself how cool is
it is a space-time itself how cool is that that you can actually envision
that that you can actually envision
that that you can actually envision yourself really rippling through
yourself really rippling through
yourself really rippling through space-time this is the sound of it that
space-time this is the sound of it that
space-time this is the sound of it that was the sound the the frequency of that
was the sound the the frequency of that
was the sound the the frequency of that event of that gravitational wave was in
event of that gravitational wave was in
event of that gravitational wave was in human audible sound so it was converted
human audible sound so it was converted
human audible sound so it was converted into sound and you can hear whoop so
into sound and you can hear whoop so
into sound and you can hear whoop so that was actually two black holes 1.3
that was actually two black holes 1.3
that was actually two black holes 1.3 billion years ago colliding and sending
billion years ago colliding and sending
billion years ago colliding and sending signal and as poor as our senses are we
signal and as poor as our senses are we
signal and as poor as our senses are we figured out where we are in a cluster of
figured out where we are in a cluster of
figured out where we are in a cluster of galaxies in a galaxy like like this one
galaxies in a galaxy like like this one
galaxies in a galaxy like like this one here somewhere
here somewhere
here somewhere right there and we are in one of those
right there and we are in one of those
right there and we are in one of those 200 billion stars inside of that galaxy
200 billion stars inside of that galaxy
200 billion stars inside of that galaxy third Rock from the Sun his ours right
third Rock from the Sun his ours right
third Rock from the Sun his ours right there and our ability to look back is
there and our ability to look back is
there and our ability to look back is stunning we actually turned back a
stunning we actually turned back a
stunning we actually turned back a Voyager spacecraft and later on to
Voyager spacecraft and later on to
Voyager spacecraft and later on to back in 2013 Cassini spacecraft Sun was
back in 2013 Cassini spacecraft Sun was
back in 2013 Cassini spacecraft Sun was covered by Saturn’s disc and what you
covered by Saturn’s disc and what you
covered by Saturn’s disc and what you see here this is Earth and the moon
see here this is Earth and the moon
see here this is Earth and the moon that’s where we are where are the
that’s where we are where are the
that’s where we are where are the boundaries of species of you know
boundaries of species of you know
boundaries of species of you know Nations of colors of boundaries of lens
Nations of colors of boundaries of lens
Nations of colors of boundaries of lens we want to blow up this thing the only
we want to blow up this thing the only
we want to blow up this thing the only oasis of life that we know my point
oasis of life that we know my point
oasis of life that we know my point tonight is that science is very humbling
tonight is that science is very humbling
tonight is that science is very humbling discipline you can learn to love others
discipline you can learn to love others
discipline you can learn to love others you can learn to cherish and to
you can learn to cherish and to
you can learn to cherish and to appreciate together nice fighting
appreciate together nice fighting
appreciate together nice fighting all of that misery that is around us
all of that misery that is around us
all of that misery that is around us because we are all just over there and
because we are all just over there and
because we are all just over there and it’s a second before we blow it all up
it’s a second before we blow it all up
it’s a second before we blow it all up and I don’t want to do that so yes thank
and I don’t want to do that so yes thank
and I don’t want to do that so yes thank you very much for coming tonight
”
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