
I spend most of my time these days traveling from industry events to
traveling from industry events to
traveling from industry events to colleges talking to people speaking at
colleges talking to people speaking at
colleges talking to people speaking at events like this is something that I do
events like this is something that I do
events like this is something that I do almost several times a month and I’ve
almost several times a month and I’ve
almost several times a month and I’ve been doing this for several years today
been doing this for several years today
been doing this for several years today standing here I’m actually feeling
standing here I’m actually feeling
standing here I’m actually feeling terribly inadequate for the kind of
terribly inadequate for the kind of
terribly inadequate for the kind of people who’ve come before me and shared
people who’ve come before me and shared
people who’ve come before me and shared their experiences and for the kind of
their experiences and for the kind of
their experiences and for the kind of people are going to follow me I’m
people are going to follow me I’m
people are going to follow me I’m feeling inadequate and incompetent
feeling inadequate and incompetent
feeling inadequate and incompetent standing here in the galaxy of people so
standing here in the galaxy of people so
standing here in the galaxy of people so my request to all of you is to please
my request to all of you is to please
my request to all of you is to please bear with me when I was asked to speak
bear with me when I was asked to speak
bear with me when I was asked to speak on this topic of the butterfly effect I
spend a lot of time doing some research
spend a lot of time doing some research trying to find out what is it about the
trying to find out what is it about the
trying to find out what is it about the topic that I can speak which can engage
topic that I can speak which can engage
topic that I can speak which can engage all of you and I’m not going to spend
all of you and I’m not going to spend
all of you and I’m not going to spend time talking about the butterfly effect
time talking about the butterfly effect
time talking about the butterfly effect I’m not going to tell you about the
I’m not going to tell you about the
I’m not going to tell you about the small big change or the big small change
small big change or the big small change
small big change or the big small change but I’m going to tie this up with a
but I’m going to tie this up with a
but I’m going to tie this up with a common thread that I think
common thread that I think
common thread that I think differentiates all this big small change
differentiates all this big small change
differentiates all this big small change or the small big change a common thread
or the small big change a common thread
or the small big change a common thread that I’ve observed in the most impactful
that I’ve observed in the most impactful
that I’ve observed in the most impactful and I’ve tried and what I’m going to do
and I’ve tried and what I’m going to do
and I’ve tried and what I’m going to do is I’m going to narrate you three
is I’m going to narrate you three
is I’m going to narrate you three different stories one of them bring mine
different stories one of them bring mine
different stories one of them bring mine and try and tie them up as to how there
and try and tie them up as to how there
and try and tie them up as to how there is a uniqueness to the truly impactful
is a uniqueness to the truly impactful
is a uniqueness to the truly impactful small big changes it’s not a common
small big changes it’s not a common
small big changes it’s not a common thread that runs through all of them but
thread that runs through all of them but
thread that runs through all of them but in the truly most impactful one it is
in the truly most impactful one it is
in the truly most impactful one it is this common thread that I have
this common thread that I have
this common thread that I have personally noticed and I’m going to
personally noticed and I’m going to
personally noticed and I’m going to share that experience with you
share that experience with you
share that experience with you in recent time that I’m going to share
in recent time that I’m going to share
in recent time that I’m going to share my first the first example that I’m
my first the first example that I’m
my first the first example that I’m going to use here is all of you’ve heard
going to use here is all of you’ve heard
going to use here is all of you’ve heard of uber it’s a company that essentially
of uber it’s a company that essentially
of uber it’s a company that essentially you pick up a phone and you call a cab
you pick up a phone and you call a cab
you pick up a phone and you call a cab people have been doing this for hundreds
people have been doing this for hundreds
people have been doing this for hundreds of years
of years
of years in jest that they’re doing it in a very
in jest that they’re doing it in a very
in jest that they’re doing it in a very smart manner but if you go back to how
smart manner but if you go back to how
smart manner but if you go back to how it started
it started
it started he just two people the founders of the
he just two people the founders of the
he just two people the founders of the company in trying to get a cab catch a
company in trying to get a cab catch a
company in trying to get a cab catch a cab I’m told on a winter night in Paris
cab I’m told on a winter night in Paris
cab I’m told on a winter night in Paris they didn’t find if somebody said
they didn’t find if somebody said
they didn’t find if somebody said imagine if we press the button at the
imagine if we press the button at the
imagine if we press the button at the cab came I think when they did that when
cab came I think when they did that when
cab came I think when they did that when they went back to San Francisco and
they went back to San Francisco and
they went back to San Francisco and create an app to get a cab they did not
create an app to get a cab they did not
create an app to get a cab they did not know the kind of change that they were
know the kind of change that they were
know the kind of change that they were unleashing and to me that’s the most
unleashing and to me that’s the most
unleashing and to me that’s the most important in fact phul part of the small
important in fact phul part of the small
important in fact phul part of the small big change it is not that the small
big change it is not that the small
big change it is not that the small events the small incidents lead to large
events the small incidents lead to large
events the small incidents lead to large impacts it is that for the truly
impacts it is that for the truly
impacts it is that for the truly visionary people when they make that
visionary people when they make that
visionary people when they make that small change they have absolutely no
small change they have absolutely no
small change they have absolutely no idea of the change that they are causing
idea of the change that they are causing
idea of the change that they are causing and that is the beauty of this butterfly
and that is the beauty of this butterfly
and that is the beauty of this butterfly effect
if you go to Wikipedia and read about
if you go to Wikipedia and read about the tornado the butterfly effect a
the tornado the butterfly effect a
the tornado the butterfly effect a butterfly flaps its wings in one part of
butterfly flaps its wings in one part of
butterfly flaps its wings in one part of the world there’s a tornado in other
the world there’s a tornado in other
the world there’s a tornado in other part you should go and ask the butterfly
part you should go and ask the butterfly
part you should go and ask the butterfly whether it knows about the tornado and
whether it knows about the tornado and
whether it knows about the tornado and the butterfly will say no because the
the butterfly will say no because the
the butterfly will say no because the butterfly does not know of the impact
butterfly does not know of the impact
butterfly does not know of the impact that it is creating and that is the
that it is creating and that is the
that it is creating and that is the truly big small change the fact that
truly big small change the fact that
truly big small change the fact that when you unleash it you have no idea
when you unleash it you have no idea
when you unleash it you have no idea what you’re going to do here are three
what you’re going to do here are three
what you’re going to do here are three stories I’m going to pick the story
stories I’m going to pick the story
stories I’m going to pick the story first because for any of you who have
first because for any of you who have
first because for any of you who have been following the news politics in
been following the news politics in
been following the news politics in Tamil Nadu is right now in the news
Tamil Nadu is right now in the news
Tamil Nadu is right now in the news including yesterday everybody is talking
including yesterday everybody is talking
including yesterday everybody is talking about it here’s an event that happened
about it here’s an event that happened
about it here’s an event that happened in 1965 it happened first in 1940 it
in 1965 it happened first in 1940 it
in 1965 it happened first in 1940 it happened again in 1965 and the
happened again in 1965 and the
happened again in 1965 and the background to this is that after
background to this is that after
background to this is that after independence the Indian government
independence the Indian government
independence the Indian government largely run from Delhi tried to impose
largely run from Delhi tried to impose
largely run from Delhi tried to impose Hindi as a common language all over the
Hindi as a common language all over the
Hindi as a common language all over the country it would have led to uniformity
country it would have led to uniformity
country it would have led to uniformity but it perhaps would have destroyed the
but it perhaps would have destroyed the
but it perhaps would have destroyed the uniqueness of this nation 3/4 of the
uniqueness of this nation 3/4 of the
uniqueness of this nation 3/4 of the country had no problem because they all
country had no problem because they all
country had no problem because they all knew Hindi but certainly the southern
knew Hindi but certainly the southern
knew Hindi but certainly the southern states didn’t know and Tamil Nadu took
states didn’t know and Tamil Nadu took
states didn’t know and Tamil Nadu took the lead and launched a very violent
the lead and launched a very violent
the lead and launched a very violent agitation called the anti-hindi
agitation called the anti-hindi
agitation called the anti-hindi agitation it happened in 1940 then it
agitation it happened in 1940 then it
agitation it happened in 1940 then it died down and narrow at that time said
died down and narrow at that time said
died down and narrow at that time said ok no problem we’ll continue this we’re
ok no problem we’ll continue this we’re
ok no problem we’ll continue this we’re not going to impose Hindi till 1965 the
not going to impose Hindi till 1965 the
not going to impose Hindi till 1965 the problem was 25 years away so everybody
problem was 25 years away so everybody
problem was 25 years away so everybody gave up till 25th January 1964 one day
gave up till 25th January 1964 one day
gave up till 25th January 1964 one day before the rule was about to change and
before the rule was about to change and
before the rule was about to change and Hindi would became common again they
Hindi would became common again they
Hindi would became common again they launched into the agitation
launched into the agitation
launched into the agitation and Unleashed violence all over the
and Unleashed violence all over the
and Unleashed violence all over the space into the state every single the
space into the state every single the
space into the state every single the people getting burned fighting killing
people getting burned fighting killing
people getting burned fighting killing each other and thereby the government
each other and thereby the government
each other and thereby the government said okay no problem don’t worry we’re
said okay no problem don’t worry we’re
said okay no problem don’t worry we’re not going to impose Hindi and since then
not going to impose Hindi and since then
not going to impose Hindi and since then they agreed that English will continue
they agreed that English will continue
they agreed that English will continue to be a common language connecting India
to be a common language connecting India
to be a common language connecting India I’m of the view that if that agitation
I’m of the view that if that agitation
I’m of the view that if that agitation had not taken place India would not have
had not taken place India would not have
had not taken place India would not have been the software power that it is today
been the software power that it is today
been the software power that it is today India would not lead in the BPOs of the
India would not lead in the BPOs of the
India would not lead in the BPOs of the business it wouldn’t be the back-office
business it wouldn’t be the back-office
business it wouldn’t be the back-office of the net country simply because the
of the net country simply because the
of the net country simply because the reason people have over the last 20
reason people have over the last 20
reason people have over the last 20 years used Indians to write great
years used Indians to write great
years used Indians to write great software and build the BPO business was
software and build the BPO business was
software and build the BPO business was because of the proficiency of English if
because of the proficiency of English if
because of the proficiency of English if that agitation had not taken place there
that agitation had not taken place there
that agitation had not taken place there would be no BPO industry in in India and
would be no BPO industry in in India and
would be no BPO industry in in India and this is one lovely story of the small
this is one lovely story of the small
this is one lovely story of the small big change
big change
big change they were impacting unleashing a big
they were impacting unleashing a big
they were impacting unleashing a big change but they had no idea what the
change but they had no idea what the
change but they had no idea what the impact was going to be and the reason I
impact was going to be and the reason I
impact was going to be and the reason I picked the story is because I wanted
picked the story is because I wanted
picked the story is because I wanted there most people don’t know that this
there most people don’t know that this
there most people don’t know that this this completely unrelated series of
this completely unrelated series of
this completely unrelated series of violence unleashed in Tamil Nadu would
violence unleashed in Tamil Nadu would
violence unleashed in Tamil Nadu would actually lead to the BPO industry
actually lead to the BPO industry
actually lead to the BPO industry actually most people don’t even connect
actually most people don’t even connect
actually most people don’t even connect it let me talk to you about my story
it let me talk to you about my story
it let me talk to you about my story here’s what happened in 1999 a group of
here’s what happened in 1999 a group of
here’s what happened in 1999 a group of friends and I came together they said
friends and I came together they said
friends and I came together they said let’s launch the first e-commerce
let’s launch the first e-commerce
let’s launch the first e-commerce company India online shopping three
company India online shopping three
company India online shopping three million people were using the Internet
million people were using the Internet
million people were using the Internet they were less than 10,000 people who
they were less than 10,000 people who
they were less than 10,000 people who used to shop online less than 10,000
used to shop online less than 10,000
used to shop online less than 10,000 people and all of them used to shop on
people and all of them used to shop on
people and all of them used to shop on amazon.com
amazon.com
amazon.com simply because there was no e-commerce
simply because there was no e-commerce
simply because there was no e-commerce site in India there was no payment
site in India there was no payment
site in India there was no payment gateway nobody knew how to put up a
gateway nobody knew how to put up a
gateway nobody knew how to put up a catalog online
catalog online
catalog online but we a bunch of absolutely stupid
but we a bunch of absolutely stupid
but we a bunch of absolutely stupid people said let’s go put together an
people said let’s go put together an
people said let’s go put together an e-commerce company in June 99 we left
e-commerce company in June 99 we left
e-commerce company in June 99 we left our jobs we’re all doing very well I
our jobs we’re all doing very well I
our jobs we’re all doing very well I used to work for the probe I think I had
used to work for the probe I think I had
used to work for the probe I think I had a reasonably good successful carrier was
a reasonably good successful carrier was
a reasonably good successful carrier was enjoying myself recently been allocated
enjoying myself recently been allocated
enjoying myself recently been allocated stock options but we threw up all of
stock options but we threw up all of
stock options but we threw up all of that and said let’s go build an
that and said let’s go build an
that and said let’s go build an e-commerce company and we had no idea
e-commerce company and we had no idea
e-commerce company and we had no idea what ecommerce was about if we didn’t
what ecommerce was about if we didn’t
what ecommerce was about if we didn’t know how to build a software we didn’t
know how to build a software we didn’t
know how to build a software we didn’t know how to write code we went to
know how to write code we went to
know how to write code we went to software engineers who didn’t know how
software engineers who didn’t know how
software engineers who didn’t know how to build a platform so we spent all our
to build a platform so we spent all our
to build a platform so we spent all our time during the day spending time on
time during the day spending time on
time during the day spending time on this website called amazon.com and
this website called amazon.com and
this website called amazon.com and trying to figure out how can we make
trying to figure out how can we make
trying to figure out how can we make this happen in India it took us months
this happen in India it took us months
this happen in India it took us months and months and months before we put
and months and months before we put
and months and months before we put together a site and we started selling
together a site and we started selling
together a site and we started selling music cassettes and it was so primitive
music cassettes and it was so primitive
music cassettes and it was so primitive in those days that on day one when we
in those days that on day one when we
in those days that on day one when we launched you could only buy one cassette
launched you could only buy one cassette
launched you could only buy one cassette at a time so if you had to buy two
at a time so if you had to buy two
at a time so if you had to buy two cassette you have to play two different
cassette you have to play two different
cassette you have to play two different orders but that when we made that even
orders but that when we made that even
orders but that when we made that even today when I look back what is it that
today when I look back what is it that
today when I look back what is it that fascinated me and people ask me what is
fascinated me and people ask me what is
fascinated me and people ask me what is it that you do made you go into that
it that you do made you go into that
it that you do made you go into that like somebody said uncharted territory
like somebody said uncharted territory
like somebody said uncharted territory was it the excitement of building a
was it the excitement of building a
was it the excitement of building a large industry no and we’re talking of a
large industry no and we’re talking of a
large industry no and we’re talking of a small big change where the person who
small big change where the person who
small big change where the person who unleashes the change has no idea so we
unleashes the change has no idea so we
unleashes the change has no idea so we had no idea what’s going to happen in
had no idea what’s going to happen in
had no idea what’s going to happen in 2017 and you can see those numbers you
2017 and you can see those numbers you
2017 and you can see those numbers you had absolutely no idea for me the
had absolutely no idea for me the
had absolutely no idea for me the fascination was every time I would go to
fascination was every time I would go to
fascination was every time I would go to a shop and anybody else in this country
a shop and anybody else in this country
a shop and anybody else in this country at that time whenever they would go to a
at that time whenever they would go to a
at that time whenever they would go to a shop and buy something they would
shop and buy something they would
shop and buy something they would physically meet the shopkeeper
physically meet the shopkeeper
physically meet the shopkeeper in our generation all of us have been
in our generation all of us have been
in our generation all of us have been brought up with a very healthy suspicion
brought up with a very healthy suspicion
brought up with a very healthy suspicion of shopkeepers we all believe that the
of shopkeepers we all believe that the
of shopkeepers we all believe that the shopkeeper is out to cheat the shopper
shopkeeper is out to cheat the shopper
shopkeeper is out to cheat the shopper and thereby you would never buy from a
and thereby you would never buy from a
and thereby you would never buy from a shop but you would never beat the shop
shop but you would never beat the shop
shop but you would never beat the shop key but no customer would buy and that’s
key but no customer would buy and that’s
key but no customer would buy and that’s what really fascinated me it was not
what really fascinated me it was not
what really fascinated me it was not about building payment gateways it was
about building payment gateways it was
about building payment gateways it was not about doing a electronic shopping it
not about doing a electronic shopping it
not about doing a electronic shopping it was not about online transactions it is
was not about online transactions it is
was not about online transactions it is not about what people talk about saying
not about what people talk about saying
not about what people talk about saying digital Banega India nothing it is the
digital Banega India nothing it is the
digital Banega India nothing it is the fact that can I put together a shop
fact that can I put together a shop
fact that can I put together a shop where we will be able to sell stuff to a
where we will be able to sell stuff to a
where we will be able to sell stuff to a shopper without ever meeting that person
shopper without ever meeting that person
shopper without ever meeting that person to me that of the biggest challenge
to me that of the biggest challenge
to me that of the biggest challenge imagine putting together a shop where I
imagine putting together a shop where I
imagine putting together a shop where I will sell stuff to a customer and never
will sell stuff to a customer and never
will sell stuff to a customer and never meet him or her to me that was a
meet him or her to me that was a
meet him or her to me that was a challenge at the end of our first year
challenge at the end of our first year
challenge at the end of our first year we did business of about 6 lakh rupees
we did business of about 6 lakh rupees
we did business of about 6 lakh rupees 6 lakh rupees was the size of the entire
6 lakh rupees was the size of the entire
6 lakh rupees was the size of the entire industry because we were the industry
industry because we were the industry
industry because we were the industry this year 275 million smartphones there
this year 275 million smartphones there
this year 275 million smartphones there were no smartphones in those days 400
were no smartphones in those days 400
were no smartphones in those days 400 million users 50 million online shoppers
million users 50 million online shoppers
million users 50 million online shoppers and according to the goldman sachs
and according to the goldman sachs
and according to the goldman sachs report the electronic commerce be to see
report the electronic commerce be to see
report the electronic commerce be to see market india this year would be seven
market india this year would be seven
market india this year would be seven hundred thousand crore rupees
hundred thousand crore rupees
hundred thousand crore rupees [Applause]
and we had no idea which is what I was
and we had no idea which is what I was telling you that the real true impactful
telling you that the real true impactful
telling you that the real true impactful big changes are when when you unleash it
big changes are when when you unleash it
big changes are when when you unleash it you have absolutely no idea what you’re
you have absolutely no idea what you’re
you have absolutely no idea what you’re doing so if anybody stands and said when
doing so if anybody stands and said when
doing so if anybody stands and said when I did this I was able to visualize 20
I did this I was able to visualize 20
I did this I was able to visualize 20 years later this would happen I think
years later this would happen I think
years later this would happen I think most of them are lying because they have
most of them are lying because they have
most of them are lying because they have no idea the last story all of us I
no idea the last story all of us I
no idea the last story all of us I picked the story which will fascinate
picked the story which will fascinate
picked the story which will fascinate all of you cricket everybody loves it
all of you cricket everybody loves it
all of you cricket everybody loves it every four years we follow the World Cup
every four years we follow the World Cup
every four years we follow the World Cup we want our team to win now every two
we want our team to win now every two
we want our team to win now every two years because there’s a 50 / World Cup
years because there’s a 50 / World Cup
years because there’s a 50 / World Cup there’s a 20 / World Cup and we always
there’s a 20 / World Cup and we always
there’s a 20 / World Cup and we always want our team the country goes crazy but
want our team the country goes crazy but
want our team the country goes crazy but the first 50 over game limited overs
the first 50 over game limited overs
the first 50 over game limited overs game happen in January 5th 1971 at the
game happen in January 5th 1971 at the
game happen in January 5th 1971 at the Melbourne Cricket Ground and who does
Melbourne Cricket Ground and who does
Melbourne Cricket Ground and who does not a one-day game as such for those of
not a one-day game as such for those of
not a one-day game as such for those of you who don’t know the story it was
you who don’t know the story it was
you who don’t know the story it was actually a Test match being played
actually a Test match being played
actually a Test match being played between England and Australia the first
between England and Australia the first
between England and Australia the first three days of the test had been washed
three days of the test had been washed
three days of the test had been washed out by rain on day four they walked out
out by rain on day four they walked out
out by rain on day four they walked out it was sunny and they realized that they
it was sunny and they realized that they
it was sunny and they realized that they could now start the game except that
could now start the game except that
could now start the game except that irrespective of what happened there’s no
irrespective of what happened there’s no
irrespective of what happened there’s no way the game would have a result so
way the game would have a result so
way the game would have a result so somebody came up with the bright idea
somebody came up with the bright idea
somebody came up with the bright idea saying instead of starting a five-day
saying instead of starting a five-day
saying instead of starting a five-day game for two days and starting and
game for two days and starting and
game for two days and starting and knowing it’s a draw why don’t we just
knowing it’s a draw why don’t we just
knowing it’s a draw why don’t we just play one day and you take 40 overs I’ll
play one day and you take 40 overs I’ll
play one day and you take 40 overs I’ll take 40 overs in those days in Australia
take 40 overs in those days in Australia
take 40 overs in those days in Australia I don’t know how many of you know and
I don’t know how many of you know and
I don’t know how many of you know and over had eight balls so one team will
over had eight balls so one team will
over had eight balls so one team will play 40 hours of 8 balls each the other
play 40 hours of 8 balls each the other
play 40 hours of 8 balls each the other team would pay 40 overs of another 8
team would pay 40 overs of another 8
team would pay 40 overs of another 8 balls eh and whoever won would be
balls eh and whoever won would be
balls eh and whoever won would be declared the winner it was for fun
declared the winner it was for fun
declared the winner it was for fun [Applause]
today it’s led to the largest
today it’s led to the largest globalization of the game and billions
globalization of the game and billions
globalization of the game and billions of people in just this one country every
of people in just this one country every
of people in just this one country every two years wear blue t-shirts and said we
two years wear blue t-shirts and said we
two years wear blue t-shirts and said we have to win that’s the other butterfly
have to win that’s the other butterfly
have to win that’s the other butterfly effect so three different stories
effect so three different stories
effect so three different stories completely unrelated one in electronic
completely unrelated one in electronic
completely unrelated one in electronic commerce one in a political social
commerce one in a political social
commerce one in a political social education we’re leading to the BPO
education we’re leading to the BPO
education we’re leading to the BPO industry and third is a fun between two
industry and third is a fun between two
industry and third is a fun between two countries leading to a very large part
countries leading to a very large part
countries leading to a very large part three completely different thing all
three completely different thing all
three completely different thing all tied by the common effect that I told
tied by the common effect that I told
tied by the common effect that I told about which is that whenever a large big
about which is that whenever a large big
about which is that whenever a large big change is about to be unleashed the
change is about to be unleashed the
change is about to be unleashed the people who do that actually have no idea
people who do that actually have no idea
people who do that actually have no idea and that’s the beauty of the butterfly
and that’s the beauty of the butterfly
and that’s the beauty of the butterfly effect like I told you I will start it
effect like I told you I will start it
effect like I told you I will start it with something or end with something
with something or end with something
with something or end with something every time a butterfly flaps at wings at
every time a butterfly flaps at wings at
every time a butterfly flaps at wings at one part in one part of the world in
one part in one part of the world in
one part in one part of the world in another part there is a tornado but the
another part there is a tornado but the
another part there is a tornado but the butterfly does not know that the tornado
butterfly does not know that the tornado
butterfly does not know that the tornado is being unleashed that’s why it’s
is being unleashed that’s why it’s
is being unleashed that’s why it’s called the butterfly effect
I started by saying that I’m feeling
I started by saying that I’m feeling very inadequate I actually do this for a
very inadequate I actually do this for a
very inadequate I actually do this for a living I go up on stage and talk I
living I go up on stage and talk I
living I go up on stage and talk I continue to feel inadequate
continue to feel inadequate
continue to feel inadequate today create galaxy of experiences and
today create galaxy of experiences and
today create galaxy of experiences and speakers before bigger galaxies to
speakers before bigger galaxies to
speakers before bigger galaxies to follow I am feeling very incompetent
follow I am feeling very incompetent
follow I am feeling very incompetent I’m feeling very inadequate every time I
I’m feeling very inadequate every time I
I’m feeling very inadequate every time I finish a speech I hope people will stand
finish a speech I hope people will stand
finish a speech I hope people will stand up and give me a standing ovation I’m
up and give me a standing ovation I’m
up and give me a standing ovation I’m going to request that today but this
going to request that today but this
going to request that today but this time I think the ovation is for all of
time I think the ovation is for all of
time I think the ovation is for all of you that despite the beauty that you are
you that despite the beauty that you are
you that despite the beauty that you are going to see today you have managed to
going to see today you have managed to
going to see today you have managed to see through my talk thank you so much
”
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