thank you there are over six billion people on the planet who live on less
people on the planet who live on less
people on the planet who live on less than two dollars a day what happens when
than two dollars a day what happens when
than two dollars a day what happens when those people get sick how can they
those people get sick how can they
those people get sick how can they afford to go to a doctor and take a test
afford to go to a doctor and take a test
afford to go to a doctor and take a test and find out what what’s wrong with them
and find out what what’s wrong with them
and find out what what’s wrong with them the answers to the diagnostic needs of
the answers to the diagnostic needs of
the answers to the diagnostic needs of the patients at the bottom of the health
the patients at the bottom of the health
the patients at the bottom of the health care pyramid can be found in our
care pyramid can be found in our
care pyramid can be found in our children’s toy boxes on the kitchen
children’s toy boxes on the kitchen
children’s toy boxes on the kitchen counter on the poster for this weekend’s
counter on the poster for this weekend’s
counter on the poster for this weekend’s rave all we have to do is open our eyes
rave all we have to do is open our eyes
rave all we have to do is open our eyes to the possibilities of everyday objects
to the possibilities of everyday objects
to the possibilities of everyday objects and phenomena this map shows that the
and phenomena this map shows that the
and phenomena this map shows that the world is a dangerous place the darker
world is a dangerous place the darker
world is a dangerous place the darker the color of red the more deaths due to
the color of red the more deaths due to
the color of red the more deaths due to infectious disease diseases like flu
infectious disease diseases like flu
infectious disease diseases like flu diarrheal disease malaria tuberculosis
diarrheal disease malaria tuberculosis
diarrheal disease malaria tuberculosis hiv/aids scarier sounding things like
hiv/aids scarier sounding things like
hiv/aids scarier sounding things like Ebola chikungunya the Zika virus but the
Ebola chikungunya the Zika virus but the
Ebola chikungunya the Zika virus but the other thing that you should notice from
other thing that you should notice from
other thing that you should notice from this map is that the vast majority of
this map is that the vast majority of
this map is that the vast majority of this burden resides in the developing
this burden resides in the developing
this burden resides in the developing world in my lab we study malaria malaria
world in my lab we study malaria malaria
world in my lab we study malaria malaria is a parasitic disease that you can
is a parasitic disease that you can
is a parasitic disease that you can contract when you’re bitten by a female
contract when you’re bitten by a female
contract when you’re bitten by a female infected mosquito the map on the top
infected mosquito the map on the top
infected mosquito the map on the top shows the some 91 countries and over 200
shows the some 91 countries and over 200
shows the some 91 countries and over 200 million clinical cases of the disease
million clinical cases of the disease
million clinical cases of the disease that occurred in 2015 the bottom part of
that occurred in 2015 the bottom part of
that occurred in 2015 the bottom part of that map shows that unfortunately
that map shows that unfortunately
that map shows that unfortunately everywhere on the planet that we have
everywhere on the planet that we have
everywhere on the planet that we have malaria we have drug-resistant malaria
malaria we have drug-resistant malaria
malaria we have drug-resistant malaria which means it’s more difficult to fight
which means it’s more difficult to fight
which means it’s more difficult to fight but how can I relate the massive burden
but how can I relate the massive burden
but how can I relate the massive burden of this disease to everybody in this
of this disease to everybody in this
of this disease to everybody in this auditorium let’s try this out on a
auditorium let’s try this out on a
auditorium let’s try this out on a preform well’ve
preform well’ve
preform well’ve the ocean liner rms titanic struck an
the ocean liner rms titanic struck an
the ocean liner rms titanic struck an iceberg at about 11pm within three hours
iceberg at about 11pm within three hours
iceberg at about 11pm within three hours she sucked to the bottom and 1517 men
she sucked to the bottom and 1517 men
she sucked to the bottom and 1517 men women and children perished in the
women and children perished in the
women and children perished in the frigid waters of the North Atlantic in
2015 in sub-saharan Africa four hundred
2015 in sub-saharan Africa four hundred and thirty-five thousand people died
and thirty-five thousand people died
and thirty-five thousand people died from malaria most of them were children
from malaria most of them were children
from malaria most of them were children under the age of five that’s almost a
under the age of five that’s almost a
under the age of five that’s almost a Titanic a day of death from a disease
Titanic a day of death from a disease
Titanic a day of death from a disease that is largely curable now if James
that is largely curable now if James
that is largely curable now if James Cameron really wanted to make a movie
Cameron really wanted to make a movie
Cameron really wanted to make a movie about a tragedy I have a suggestion now
about a tragedy I have a suggestion now
about a tragedy I have a suggestion now what could a single chemists do in light
what could a single chemists do in light
what could a single chemists do in light of these massive numbers william osler
of these massive numbers william osler
of these massive numbers william osler one of the founders of modern American
one of the founders of modern American
one of the founders of modern American medicine once said there are three
medicine once said there are three
medicine once said there are three phases to treatment diagnosis diagnosis
phases to treatment diagnosis diagnosis
phases to treatment diagnosis diagnosis and diagnosis when you go to the
and diagnosis when you go to the
and diagnosis when you go to the hospital with an unknown ailment you
hospital with an unknown ailment you
hospital with an unknown ailment you have a full service clinical diagnostic
have a full service clinical diagnostic
have a full service clinical diagnostic lab at your disposal they have the most
lab at your disposal they have the most
lab at your disposal they have the most modern medical equipment electronic
modern medical equipment electronic
modern medical equipment electronic record-keeping and some of the most
record-keeping and some of the most
record-keeping and some of the most highly trained technical staff on the
highly trained technical staff on the
highly trained technical staff on the planet all working with your team to
planet all working with your team to
planet all working with your team to find out what’s wrong with you this is
find out what’s wrong with you this is
find out what’s wrong with you this is what a full-service clinical laboratory
what a full-service clinical laboratory
what a full-service clinical laboratory looks like at my research site in Zambia
looks like at my research site in Zambia
looks like at my research site in Zambia Africa many such sites have decades old
Africa many such sites have decades old
Africa many such sites have decades old hand-me-down equipment maybe there’s a
hand-me-down equipment maybe there’s a
hand-me-down equipment maybe there’s a light microscope like the one you used
light microscope like the one you used
light microscope like the one you used in high school biology class there’s no
in high school biology class there’s no
in high school biology class there’s no reliable electricity the only clean
reliable electricity the only clean
reliable electricity the only clean water you have is the clean water you
water you have is the clean water you
water you have is the clean water you carry into the clinic every morning and
carry into the clinic every morning and
carry into the clinic every morning and instead of highly trained technical
instead of highly trained technical
instead of highly trained technical staff we have tirelessly dedicated
staff we have tirelessly dedicated
staff we have tirelessly dedicated community healthcare workers who serve
community healthcare workers who serve
community healthcare workers who serve the role as nurse technician
the role as nurse technician
the role as nurse technician and public health officer this is the
and public health officer this is the
and public health officer this is the world of a low-resource setting low
world of a low-resource setting low
world of a low-resource setting low resource medicine and low resource
resource medicine and low resource
resource medicine and low resource Diagnostics the buzzword around new
Diagnostics the buzzword around new
Diagnostics the buzzword around new innovations in low-resource diagnostics
innovations in low-resource diagnostics
innovations in low-resource diagnostics is what we call assured assured stands
is what we call assured assured stands
is what we call assured assured stands for affordable sensitive specific user
for affordable sensitive specific user
for affordable sensitive specific user friendly a rapid and robust equipment
friendly a rapid and robust equipment
friendly a rapid and robust equipment free and deliverable if we can make
free and deliverable if we can make
free and deliverable if we can make assured diagnostic devices we can then
assured diagnostic devices we can then
assured diagnostic devices we can then provide the necessary health care that
provide the necessary health care that
provide the necessary health care that our patients in low-resource settings
our patients in low-resource settings
our patients in low-resource settings need the challenge we’re facing is being
need the challenge we’re facing is being
need the challenge we’re facing is being able to give a patient an accurate
able to give a patient an accurate
able to give a patient an accurate diagnosis as quickly as possible for as
diagnosis as quickly as possible for as
diagnosis as quickly as possible for as little money as possible and assured
little money as possible and assured
little money as possible and assured Diagnostics are the first step to
Diagnostics are the first step to
Diagnostics are the first step to reaching that goal now the most common
reaching that goal now the most common
reaching that goal now the most common assured device is what we call the rapid
assured device is what we call the rapid
assured device is what we call the rapid diagnostic strip test or rdt in the most
diagnostic strip test or rdt in the most
diagnostic strip test or rdt in the most familiar forms of this test you add a
familiar forms of this test you add a
familiar forms of this test you add a sample blood or urine at one of the
sample blood or urine at one of the
sample blood or urine at one of the tests and it runs down the strip like in
tests and it runs down the strip like in
tests and it runs down the strip like in a home pregnancy test that you buy at
a home pregnancy test that you buy at
a home pregnancy test that you buy at the drugstore a pregnancy test is
the drugstore a pregnancy test is
the drugstore a pregnancy test is looking for hormones in the urine that
looking for hormones in the urine that
looking for hormones in the urine that are produced when you become pregnant
are produced when you become pregnant
are produced when you become pregnant these hormones are the test target and
these hormones are the test target and
these hormones are the test target and over time they accumulate at the end of
over time they accumulate at the end of
over time they accumulate at the end of the strip and they form a line the more
the strip and they form a line the more
the strip and they form a line the more targets you have the dark of the line no
targets you have the dark of the line no
targets you have the dark of the line no line no targets not pregnant but the
line no targets not pregnant but the
line no targets not pregnant but the problem with rapid diagnostic tests in
problem with rapid diagnostic tests in
problem with rapid diagnostic tests in low-resource settings is it for many of
low-resource settings is it for many of
low-resource settings is it for many of the diseases that were interested in
the diseases that were interested in
the diseases that were interested in these tests simply aren’t sensitive
these tests simply aren’t sensitive
these tests simply aren’t sensitive enough that means a patient could be
enough that means a patient could be
enough that means a patient could be sick even though the tests told them he
sick even though the tests told them he
sick even though the tests told them he or she was well so how do we solve this
or she was well so how do we solve this
or she was well so how do we solve this problem how do we make these tests more
problem how do we make these tests more
problem how do we make these tests more sensitive with
sensitive with
sensitive with making them dramatically more expensive
making them dramatically more expensive
making them dramatically more expensive the answer is origami now you all
the answer is origami now you all
the answer is origami now you all probably know somebody who’s talented
probably know somebody who’s talented
probably know somebody who’s talented enough to fold the paper left and right
enough to fold the paper left and right
enough to fold the paper left and right and forwards and backwards and follow
and forwards and backwards and follow
and forwards and backwards and follow these directions and create these
these directions and create these
these directions and create these amazing paper figurines you’ve seen them
amazing paper figurines you’ve seen them
amazing paper figurines you’ve seen them the cranes whales flowers even Yoda but
the cranes whales flowers even Yoda but
the cranes whales flowers even Yoda but did you know that origami has been used
did you know that origami has been used
did you know that origami has been used to solve some really challenging
to solve some really challenging
to solve some really challenging engineering problems it was with origami
engineering problems it was with origami
engineering problems it was with origami that engineers were able to figure out
that engineers were able to figure out
that engineers were able to figure out how to pack an air bag into the
how to pack an air bag into the
how to pack an air bag into the dashboard of your car mechanical
dashboard of your car mechanical
dashboard of your car mechanical engineers use this concept of paper
engineers use this concept of paper
engineers use this concept of paper folding to design the crumple zones that
folding to design the crumple zones that
folding to design the crumple zones that protect your family from an automobile
protect your family from an automobile
protect your family from an automobile accident and biomedical engineers
accident and biomedical engineers
accident and biomedical engineers designed a stent that would collapse and
designed a stent that would collapse and
designed a stent that would collapse and be small when it was inserted into your
be small when it was inserted into your
be small when it was inserted into your vein but could be unfolded and made
vein but could be unfolded and made
vein but could be unfolded and made rigid to improve your circulation but
rigid to improve your circulation but
rigid to improve your circulation but how in the world is origami going to get
how in the world is origami going to get
how in the world is origami going to get more targets on the test to make the
more targets on the test to make the
more targets on the test to make the test more sensitive well imagine that we
test more sensitive well imagine that we
test more sensitive well imagine that we modify the rapid diagnostic strip test
modify the rapid diagnostic strip test
modify the rapid diagnostic strip test one side is the test just like it was
one side is the test just like it was
one side is the test just like it was before but on the other side we have a
before but on the other side we have a
before but on the other side we have a filter this filter allows us to add much
filter this filter allows us to add much
filter this filter allows us to add much larger volumes of blood or urine that
larger volumes of blood or urine that
larger volumes of blood or urine that simply flow through the test without
simply flow through the test without
simply flow through the test without disturbing its performance the targets
disturbing its performance the targets
disturbing its performance the targets bind to the filter and when we’re done
bind to the filter and when we’re done
bind to the filter and when we’re done we simply fold the filter over add a
we simply fold the filter over add a
we simply fold the filter over add a reagent that releases the targets from
reagent that releases the targets from
reagent that releases the targets from the filter the targets run down the test
the filter the targets run down the test
the filter the targets run down the test and we now are looking for many many
and we now are looking for many many
and we now are looking for many many many many more targets which produce the
many many more targets which produce the
many many more targets which produce the line we need to tell people that they’re
line we need to tell people that they’re
line we need to tell people that they’re sick but this isn’t the only kind of
sick but this isn’t the only kind of
sick but this isn’t the only kind of origami RTT we can make we can make very
origami RTT we can make we can make very
origami RTT we can make we can make very complicated devices that we print on a
complicated devices that we print on a
complicated devices that we print on a piece of paper fold it up it’s
piece of paper fold it up it’s
piece of paper fold it up it’s essentially a diagnostic
essentially a diagnostic
essentially a diagnostic lab on paper we can look for multiple
lab on paper we can look for multiple
lab on paper we can look for multiple diseases at the same time and when we
diseases at the same time and when we
diseases at the same time and when we unfold the disease the the origami
unfold the disease the the origami
unfold the disease the the origami structure rather than seeing a simple
structure rather than seeing a simple
structure rather than seeing a simple test line what we have at the center is
test line what we have at the center is
test line what we have at the center is a QR code a quick response code just
a QR code a quick response code just
a QR code a quick response code just like the ones that you see in your
like the ones that you see in your
like the ones that you see in your magazine or that on the back of a soda
magazine or that on the back of a soda
magazine or that on the back of a soda bottle or advertising this weekend’s
bottle or advertising this weekend’s
bottle or advertising this weekend’s band and using the cell phone app you
band and using the cell phone app you
band and using the cell phone app you can read that QR code and it immediately
can read that QR code and it immediately
can read that QR code and it immediately links the patient to the doctor it tells
links the patient to the doctor it tells
links the patient to the doctor it tells the patient the use-by date of the test
the patient the use-by date of the test
the patient the use-by date of the test they just took it allows us to fight
they just took it allows us to fight
they just took it allows us to fight counterfeit tests we can also find out
counterfeit tests we can also find out
counterfeit tests we can also find out information about when and where the
information about when and where the
information about when and where the test was performed now these origami and
test was performed now these origami and
test was performed now these origami and QR origami tests require no additional
QR origami tests require no additional
QR origami tests require no additional technical skill other than the ability
technical skill other than the ability
technical skill other than the ability to fold paper and use a cell phone
to fold paper and use a cell phone
to fold paper and use a cell phone camera app cell phone camera app the
camera app cell phone camera app the
camera app cell phone camera app the same cell phone camera app that is used
same cell phone camera app that is used
same cell phone camera app that is used around the world they also only cost 37
around the world they also only cost 37
around the world they also only cost 37 cents a test to mass-produce but these
cents a test to mass-produce but these
cents a test to mass-produce but these QR and origami are DTS or what I like to
QR and origami are DTS or what I like to
QR and origami are DTS or what I like to think of as RTT two point oh what if you
think of as RTT two point oh what if you
think of as RTT two point oh what if you really wanted to think outside of the
really wanted to think outside of the
really wanted to think outside of the box and create an entirely new way to
box and create an entirely new way to
box and create an entirely new way to make a diagnostic I don’t know about you
make a diagnostic I don’t know about you
make a diagnostic I don’t know about you but for me that first cup of coffee or
but for me that first cup of coffee or
but for me that first cup of coffee or first pot of coffee is a little more
first pot of coffee is a little more
first pot of coffee is a little more important than it probably should be and
important than it probably should be and
important than it probably should be and I’m not too tidy about making that pot
I’m not too tidy about making that pot
I’m not too tidy about making that pot of coffee there are grounds on the
of coffee there are grounds on the
of coffee there are grounds on the counter there’s maybe sugar and there’s
counter there’s maybe sugar and there’s
counter there’s maybe sugar and there’s always these coffee rings stains we’ve
always these coffee rings stains we’ve
always these coffee rings stains we’ve all seen them on our kitchen counters
all seen them on our kitchen counters
all seen them on our kitchen counters but how are they made well it turns out
but how are they made well it turns out
but how are they made well it turns out that a simple cup of coffee is not a
that a simple cup of coffee is not a
that a simple cup of coffee is not a simple cup of
simple cup of
simple cup of it’s not what we chemists would call a
it’s not what we chemists would call a
it’s not what we chemists would call a solution what it is is the suspension of
solution what it is is the suspension of
solution what it is is the suspension of particles your cup of coffee is full of
particles your cup of coffee is full of
particles your cup of coffee is full of all kinds of fine grounds that were so
all kinds of fine grounds that were so
all kinds of fine grounds that were so small they just flowed straight through
small they just flowed straight through
small they just flowed straight through your filter into your cup you’ve seen
your filter into your cup you’ve seen
your filter into your cup you’ve seen these when you let your coffee get cold
these when you let your coffee get cold
these when you let your coffee get cold and that stuff gathers at the bottom of
and that stuff gathers at the bottom of
and that stuff gathers at the bottom of your cup those are the particles I’m
your cup those are the particles I’m
your cup those are the particles I’m talking about now what happens when you
talking about now what happens when you
talking about now what happens when you spill a drop of coffee is that the water
spill a drop of coffee is that the water
spill a drop of coffee is that the water begins to evaporate out of that drop and
begins to evaporate out of that drop and
begins to evaporate out of that drop and it evaporates fastest at the very edge
it evaporates fastest at the very edge
it evaporates fastest at the very edge of the drop so when the water is
of the drop so when the water is
of the drop so when the water is evaporating out here at the edge the
evaporating out here at the edge the
evaporating out here at the edge the water and the particles in the middle
water and the particles in the middle
water and the particles in the middle flow in a specific direction to the edge
flow in a specific direction to the edge
flow in a specific direction to the edge so that when all the water is gone what
so that when all the water is gone what
so that when all the water is gone what you see our coffee rings it’s called the
you see our coffee rings it’s called the
you see our coffee rings it’s called the coffee ring effect now my colleague rick
coffee ring effect now my colleague rick
coffee ring effect now my colleague rick Hazleton and i realized that we could
Hazleton and i realized that we could
Hazleton and i realized that we could take this coffee ring phenomena and turn
take this coffee ring phenomena and turn
take this coffee ring phenomena and turn it into a biological assay for the
it into a biological assay for the
it into a biological assay for the detection of malaria all we would have
detection of malaria all we would have
detection of malaria all we would have to do is make a drop of infected malaria
to do is make a drop of infected malaria
to do is make a drop of infected malaria blood look like a drop of coffee and so
blood look like a drop of coffee and so
blood look like a drop of coffee and so we added special particles to the
we added special particles to the
we added special particles to the patient’s blood that would bind a
patient’s blood that would bind a
patient’s blood that would bind a malaria target we spot that blood on a
malaria target we spot that blood on a
malaria target we spot that blood on a glass slide and as the water begins to
glass slide and as the water begins to
glass slide and as the water begins to evaporate out of the blood the particles
evaporate out of the blood the particles
evaporate out of the blood the particles with the target run to the edge now it’s
with the target run to the edge now it’s
with the target run to the edge now it’s true that when it all dries it looks
true that when it all dries it looks
true that when it all dries it looks like that pre-wash up there and that’s
like that pre-wash up there and that’s
like that pre-wash up there and that’s not very clear but because the target
not very clear but because the target
not very clear but because the target binds to the slide and binds to the
binds to the slide and binds to the
binds to the slide and binds to the particles we can dip it in water and get
particles we can dip it in water and get
particles we can dip it in water and get rid of all the gunk and what you’re left
rid of all the gunk and what you’re left
rid of all the gunk and what you’re left with is a ring that ring is the same
with is a ring that ring is the same
with is a ring that ring is the same ring that you make when you spill your
ring that you make when you spill your
ring that you make when you spill your coffee and it actually means that the
coffee and it actually means that the
coffee and it actually means that the patient would have malaria this kind of
patient would have malaria this kind of
patient would have malaria this kind of 10
10
10 costs seven cents to make and doesn’t
costs seven cents to make and doesn’t
costs seven cents to make and doesn’t need any additional technical skill
need any additional technical skill
need any additional technical skill other than the ability to spill your
other than the ability to spill your
other than the ability to spill your coffee now the last example of a toybox
coffee now the last example of a toybox
coffee now the last example of a toybox diagnostic that I want to tell you about
diagnostic that I want to tell you about
diagnostic that I want to tell you about is about glow sticks and when my kids
is about glow sticks and when my kids
is about glow sticks and when my kids were in middle school they would come
were in middle school they would come
were in middle school they would come home from parties and they always had
home from parties and they always had
home from parties and they always had glow sticks the kids loved the glow
glow sticks the kids loved the glow
glow sticks the kids loved the glow sticks we’ve seen them they’re down at
sticks we’ve seen them they’re down at
sticks we’ve seen them they’re down at the river at the fourth of July or
the river at the fourth of July or
the river at the fourth of July or they’re at the party you went to last
they’re at the party you went to last
they’re at the party you went to last night in my house the glow sticks always
night in my house the glow sticks always
night in my house the glow sticks always ended up on the floor or the sofa so one
ended up on the floor or the sofa so one
ended up on the floor or the sofa so one morning while I was having my first cup
morning while I was having my first cup
morning while I was having my first cup of coffee I picked one up and I started
of coffee I picked one up and I started
of coffee I picked one up and I started playing with it I don’t know when the
playing with it I don’t know when the
playing with it I don’t know when the last time you played with a glow stick
last time you played with a glow stick
last time you played with a glow stick was but when you play with him you bend
was but when you play with him you bend
was but when you play with him you bend them they’re very flexible and you can
them they’re very flexible and you can
them they’re very flexible and you can hear it critical and pop and you ask
hear it critical and pop and you ask
hear it critical and pop and you ask yourself what’s going on and it turns
yourself what’s going on and it turns
yourself what’s going on and it turns out that a glow stick is a pretty
out that a glow stick is a pretty
out that a glow stick is a pretty interesting device what I discovered was
interesting device what I discovered was
interesting device what I discovered was that when you manufacture a glow stick
that when you manufacture a glow stick
that when you manufacture a glow stick you have an inner chamber an inner tube
you have an inner chamber an inner tube
you have an inner chamber an inner tube and that tube is made of some brittle
and that tube is made of some brittle
and that tube is made of some brittle material and you have a flexible
material and you have a flexible
material and you have a flexible translucent outer tube and when you flex
translucent outer tube and when you flex
translucent outer tube and when you flex that tube the inner brittle tube
that tube the inner brittle tube
that tube the inner brittle tube shatters you have a compound in the
shatters you have a compound in the
shatters you have a compound in the inner tube a compound in the outer tube
inner tube a compound in the outer tube
inner tube a compound in the outer tube and when those compounds react the
and when those compounds react the
and when those compounds react the product of that chemical reaction glows
product of that chemical reaction glows
product of that chemical reaction glows you have different chemicals you get
you have different chemicals you get
you have different chemicals you get different colored glow sticks then it
different colored glow sticks then it
different colored glow sticks then it hit me I could make my very own glow
hit me I could make my very own glow
hit me I could make my very own glow stick that could detect malaria how you
stick that could detect malaria how you
stick that could detect malaria how you ask well it just turned out that a
ask well it just turned out that a
ask well it just turned out that a student of mine had discovered a
student of mine had discovered a
student of mine had discovered a chemical compound that when it bound to
chemical compound that when it bound to
chemical compound that when it bound to a malaria tart
a malaria tart
a malaria tart get it glowed blue no malaria target no
get it glowed blue no malaria target no
get it glowed blue no malaria target no glowing blue color and so the idea was
glowing blue color and so the idea was
glowing blue color and so the idea was pretty simple we take that brittle inner
pretty simple we take that brittle inner
pretty simple we take that brittle inner chamber we fill it with the special
chamber we fill it with the special
chamber we fill it with the special compound that binds the target we put
compound that binds the target we put
compound that binds the target we put the brittle chamber inside an outer tube
the brittle chamber inside an outer tube
the brittle chamber inside an outer tube we had the patient sample to the outer
we had the patient sample to the outer
we had the patient sample to the outer tube we flex the tube just like you
tube we flex the tube just like you
tube we flex the tube just like you activate your glow stick when you go
activate your glow stick when you go
activate your glow stick when you go camping and if there’s target it glows
camping and if there’s target it glows
camping and if there’s target it glows blue no malaria no glowing whatsoever so
blue no malaria no glowing whatsoever so
blue no malaria no glowing whatsoever so this despite the fact that this test
this despite the fact that this test
this despite the fact that this test works best in the dark it requires no
works best in the dark it requires no
works best in the dark it requires no additional equipment to read cost about
additional equipment to read cost about
additional equipment to read cost about fifty cents to produce and can be made
fifty cents to produce and can be made
fifty cents to produce and can be made on the exact same equipment that
on the exact same equipment that
on the exact same equipment that mass-produces glow sticks for
mass-produces glow sticks for
mass-produces glow sticks for distribution all around the world now we
distribution all around the world now we
distribution all around the world now we have to remember that it’s true without
have to remember that it’s true without
have to remember that it’s true without Diagnostics medicine is blind but we
Diagnostics medicine is blind but we
Diagnostics medicine is blind but we also need to realize that low resource
also need to realize that low resource
also need to realize that low resource settings don’t just exist in the
settings don’t just exist in the
settings don’t just exist in the developing world we have low resource
developing world we have low resource
developing world we have low resource settings right here at home it’s a
settings right here at home it’s a
settings right here at home it’s a low-resource setting at the homeless
low-resource setting at the homeless
low-resource setting at the homeless encampment under the bridge by the river
encampment under the bridge by the river
encampment under the bridge by the river it’s a low-resource setting in many
it’s a low-resource setting in many
it’s a low-resource setting in many parts of rural america it’s a
parts of rural america it’s a
parts of rural america it’s a low-resource setting across Native
low-resource setting across Native
low-resource setting across Native American tribal reservations what we
American tribal reservations what we
American tribal reservations what we need to be thinking about is making
need to be thinking about is making
need to be thinking about is making effective assured diagnostic devices for
effective assured diagnostic devices for
effective assured diagnostic devices for everyone everywhere and we can do that
everyone everywhere and we can do that
everyone everywhere and we can do that all we have to do is play with our
all we have to do is play with our
all we have to do is play with our children clean up the kitchen counter
children clean up the kitchen counter
children clean up the kitchen counter and open our eyes to the every
and open our eyes to the every
and open our eyes to the every day objects in our lives so that we can
day objects in our lives so that we can
day objects in our lives so that we can discover new principles and new objects
discover new principles and new objects
discover new principles and new objects which we can transform into assured
which we can transform into assured
which we can transform into assured diagnostic devices thank you
diagnostic devices thank you
diagnostic devices thank you [Applause]
”
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