thank you to the parents wonderful to be here with you on this gorgeous day on
here with you on this gorgeous day on
here with you on this gorgeous day on earth it’s a bit gray but it’s gorgeous
earth it’s a bit gray but it’s gorgeous
earth it’s a bit gray but it’s gorgeous on Mars it’s also gorgeous but it’s very
on Mars it’s also gorgeous but it’s very
on Mars it’s also gorgeous but it’s very very cold how many of you want to go to
very cold how many of you want to go to
very cold how many of you want to go to Mars put your hands up that’s fair whew
Mars put your hands up that’s fair whew
Mars put your hands up that’s fair whew let’s see up to 15 minutes whether you
let’s see up to 15 minutes whether you
let’s see up to 15 minutes whether you still want to go to Mars
still want to go to Mars
still want to go to Mars sir the 17th century was amazing because
sir the 17th century was amazing because
sir the 17th century was amazing because with telescopes scientists opened up a
with telescopes scientists opened up a
with telescopes scientists opened up a whole new Vista what we could see new
whole new Vista what we could see new
whole new Vista what we could see new worlds to see and this new results very
worlds to see and this new results very
worlds to see and this new results very quickly entered the public imagination
quickly entered the public imagination
quickly entered the public imagination should these this is a beautiful
should these this is a beautiful
should these this is a beautiful painting from a French artist who taken
painting from a French artist who taken
painting from a French artist who taken wagons these observations of Mars and
wagons these observations of Mars and
wagons these observations of Mars and produce this beautiful image that we can
produce this beautiful image that we can
produce this beautiful image that we can see the fill of this intricate French
see the fill of this intricate French
see the fill of this intricate French garden and Mars high above us and
garden and Mars high above us and
garden and Mars high above us and telescopes still over a hundred years
telescopes still over a hundred years
telescopes still over a hundred years ago this is an image taken with a
ago this is an image taken with a
ago this is an image taken with a Greenwich telescope recently but this is
Greenwich telescope recently but this is
Greenwich telescope recently but this is a hundred-year-old telescope which at
a hundred-year-old telescope which at
a hundred-year-old telescope which at the time was the best in the world you
the time was the best in the world you
the time was the best in the world you could see Mars here but indistinct what
could see Mars here but indistinct what
could see Mars here but indistinct what I’m going to do today is to take you to
I’m going to do today is to take you to
I’m going to do today is to take you to Mars you could see features that are the
Mars you could see features that are the
Mars you could see features that are the size of the lines on the palms of your
size of the lines on the palms of your
size of the lines on the palms of your hands so this is about the adventures of
hands so this is about the adventures of
hands so this is about the adventures of curiosity I’m part of this huge science
curiosity I’m part of this huge science
curiosity I’m part of this huge science team of four hundred scientists and 200
team of four hundred scientists and 200
team of four hundred scientists and 200 engineers working on essentially driving
engineers working on essentially driving
engineers working on essentially driving a small car on the surface of Mars and
a small car on the surface of Mars and
a small car on the surface of Mars and doing science not only looking at the
doing science not only looking at the
doing science not only looking at the landscape of Mars in the present day but
landscape of Mars in the present day but
landscape of Mars in the present day but what I want you to do is week by looking
what I want you to do is week by looking
what I want you to do is week by looking at those rocks we can go back in time so
at those rocks we can go back in time so
at those rocks we can go back in time so it’s space and time we can envisage what
it’s space and time we can envisage what
it’s space and time we can envisage what Mars was like almost three and a half
Mars was like almost three and a half
Mars was like almost three and a half billion years ago
billion years ago
billion years ago so just context there’s Mars that’s
so just context there’s Mars that’s
so just context there’s Mars that’s where we are that’s today so we are 376
where we are that’s today so we are 376
where we are that’s today so we are 376 million kilometres away
million kilometres away
million kilometres away so everything that comes for
so everything that comes for
so everything that comes for now in this talk just think about the
now in this talk just think about the
now in this talk just think about the distance and what we as humans as
distance and what we as humans as
distance and what we as humans as engineers and scientists and everything
engineers and scientists and everything
engineers and scientists and everything else can make do in terms of exploring a
else can make do in terms of exploring a
else can make do in terms of exploring a new realm so this is what curiosity is
new realm so this is what curiosity is
new realm so this is what curiosity is doing at the moment this is what it did
doing at the moment this is what it did
doing at the moment this is what it did on Tuesday it actually lowered its arm
on Tuesday it actually lowered its arm
on Tuesday it actually lowered its arm down and carried out an experiment on
down and carried out an experiment on
down and carried out an experiment on the rocks over here it imaged them and
the rocks over here it imaged them and
the rocks over here it imaged them and investigated the chemistry at the moment
investigated the chemistry at the moment
investigated the chemistry at the moment curiosity is looking at this patch of
curiosity is looking at this patch of
curiosity is looking at this patch of rock over here it’s taking really
rock over here it’s taking really
rock over here it’s taking really high-resolution pictures and it’s doing
high-resolution pictures and it’s doing
high-resolution pictures and it’s doing chemistry experiments on those rocks and
chemistry experiments on those rocks and
chemistry experiments on those rocks and the aim is to reconstruct what the
the aim is to reconstruct what the
the aim is to reconstruct what the environment was on Mars at the time
environment was on Mars at the time
environment was on Mars at the time those rocks were deposited and we
those rocks were deposited and we
those rocks were deposited and we believe that those rocks were deposited
believe that those rocks were deposited
believe that those rocks were deposited three and a half billion years ago so
three and a half billion years ago so
three and a half billion years ago so it’s that space for time we can use
it’s that space for time we can use
it’s that space for time we can use these rocks to reconstruct what the
these rocks to reconstruct what the
these rocks to reconstruct what the environment was like curiosity landed in
environment was like curiosity landed in
environment was like curiosity landed in Gale Crater which sits on Mars is
Gale Crater which sits on Mars is
Gale Crater which sits on Mars is equator
equator
equator it’s a crater that’s about 150
it’s a crater that’s about 150
it’s a crater that’s about 150 kilometers across big crater what’s
kilometers across big crater what’s
kilometers across big crater what’s wonderful about this is in the center of
wonderful about this is in the center of
wonderful about this is in the center of the crater we’ve got this mountain here
the crater we’ve got this mountain here
the crater we’ve got this mountain here called Mount sharp oil this month that’s
called Mount sharp oil this month that’s
called Mount sharp oil this month that’s 5 kilometers high that’s a pretty big
5 kilometers high that’s a pretty big
5 kilometers high that’s a pretty big mountain the beautiful thing about this
mountain the beautiful thing about this
mountain the beautiful thing about this mountain is that it’s made up of
mountain is that it’s made up of
mountain is that it’s made up of stratified rocks so these are layers
stratified rocks so these are layers
stratified rocks so these are layers upon layers if you like there a book of
upon layers if you like there a book of
upon layers if you like there a book of the history of Mars at this particular
the history of Mars at this particular
the history of Mars at this particular time and the aim was that we could land
time and the aim was that we could land
time and the aim was that we could land in this area between the crater rim and
in this area between the crater rim and
in this area between the crater rim and the mountain and drive and start working
the mountain and drive and start working
the mountain and drive and start working from the oldest rocks here climbing
from the oldest rocks here climbing
from the oldest rocks here climbing progressively upwards so it’s like
progressively upwards so it’s like
progressively upwards so it’s like reading a history book an imperfect
reading a history book an imperfect
reading a history book an imperfect history book because there’s time
history book because there’s time
history book because there’s time missing parts missing but it gets us a
missing parts missing but it gets us a
missing parts missing but it gets us a reconstruction war one place how the
reconstruction war one place how the
reconstruction war one place how the surface changed on Mars in one place and
surface changed on Mars in one place and
surface changed on Mars in one place and that’s what I want to show to you
that’s what I want to show to you
that’s what I want to show to you obviously you all know about the
obviously you all know about the
obviously you all know about the audacious landing of
audacious landing of
audacious landing of ASSA t on this series of nylon tethers
ASSA t on this series of nylon tethers
ASSA t on this series of nylon tethers almost five years ago and this is the
almost five years ago and this is the
almost five years ago and this is the first picture that curiosity sent back
first picture that curiosity sent back
first picture that curiosity sent back to us the one picture I saw and so right
to us the one picture I saw and so right
to us the one picture I saw and so right we’re safe it’s almost like one of these
we’re safe it’s almost like one of these
we’re safe it’s almost like one of these 1930s images of Everest or something
1930s images of Everest or something
1930s images of Everest or something like that where this gravelly planers
like that where this gravelly planers
like that where this gravelly planers mount sharp 5 kilometers high looming
mount sharp 5 kilometers high looming
mount sharp 5 kilometers high looming ahead of us that being our main target
ahead of us that being our main target
ahead of us that being our main target so this is curiosity it’s the size of a
so this is curiosity it’s the size of a
so this is curiosity it’s the size of a mini cooper it spends an inordinate
mini cooper it spends an inordinate
mini cooper it spends an inordinate amount of time taking pictures of itself
amount of time taking pictures of itself
amount of time taking pictures of itself it’s a 21st century Rover it’s
it’s a 21st century Rover it’s
it’s a 21st century Rover it’s incredibly vain so here’s a picture look
incredibly vain so here’s a picture look
incredibly vain so here’s a picture look at that gaze looking at you here’s
at that gaze looking at you here’s
at that gaze looking at you here’s another one here it is she’s looking at
another one here it is she’s looking at
another one here it is she’s looking at you again examining the sand Jim it’s an
you again examining the sand Jim it’s an
you again examining the sand Jim it’s an incredible laboratory here packed full
incredible laboratory here packed full
incredible laboratory here packed full of scientific instruments not only to
of scientific instruments not only to
of scientific instruments not only to measure the atmosphere the chemistry and
measure the atmosphere the chemistry and
measure the atmosphere the chemistry and the environment at the / moment but also
the environment at the / moment but also
the environment at the / moment but also to delve back into the time so what we
to delve back into the time so what we
to delve back into the time so what we can do is we can take we can draw we can
can do is we can take we can draw we can
can do is we can take we can draw we can take that rock powder and we can look at
take that rock powder and we can look at
take that rock powder and we can look at the mineralogy of that rock powder what
the mineralogy of that rock powder what
the mineralogy of that rock powder what minerals are present in those rocks and
minerals are present in those rocks and
minerals are present in those rocks and we can look for what organic compounds
we can look for what organic compounds
we can look for what organic compounds might be present what complex chemistry
might be present what complex chemistry
might be present what complex chemistry so we can reconstruct overall what
so we can reconstruct overall what
so we can reconstruct overall what ancient Mars looked like for the first
ancient Mars looked like for the first
ancient Mars looked like for the first time in detail and this is how the team
time in detail and this is how the team
time in detail and this is how the team works it’s a never-ending field trip
works it’s a never-ending field trip
works it’s a never-ending field trip we’d be on Mars for almost 5 years and
we’d be on Mars for almost 5 years and
we’d be on Mars for almost 5 years and it feels like five years has been a very
it feels like five years has been a very
it feels like five years has been a very long time we work virtually every day
long time we work virtually every day
long time we work virtually every day and this is the science team at JPL in
and this is the science team at JPL in
and this is the science team at JPL in Pasadena and California in a big major
Pasadena and California in a big major
Pasadena and California in a big major meeting where we decide what the road is
meeting where we decide what the road is
meeting where we decide what the road is going to be doing the next day but
going to be doing the next day but
going to be doing the next day but overall there’s about 400 people on the
overall there’s about 400 people on the
overall there’s about 400 people on the team and what we do is we all dial in
team and what we do is we all dial in
team and what we do is we all dial in and we communicate with the science team
and we communicate with the science team
and we communicate with the science team at JPL by telephone by chat rooms email
at JPL by telephone by chat rooms email
at JPL by telephone by chat rooms email a whole host of things to get us all
a whole host of things to get us all
a whole host of things to get us all working together
working together
working together on deciding what this Rover does and we
on deciding what this Rover does and we
on deciding what this Rover does and we treat every day it’s a little bit like
treat every day it’s a little bit like
treat every day it’s a little bit like that life chart every day
that life chart every day
that life chart every day the rover tomorrow the rover could die
the rover tomorrow the rover could die
the rover tomorrow the rover could die so we must maximize our science return
so we must maximize our science return
so we must maximize our science return we must do something cool every day
we must do something cool every day
we must do something cool every day and that’s a really good way of getting
and that’s a really good way of getting
and that’s a really good way of getting over procrastinating that Rover isn’t
over procrastinating that Rover isn’t
over procrastinating that Rover isn’t allowed to procrastinate when you’ve got
allowed to procrastinate when you’ve got
allowed to procrastinate when you’ve got 400 people hustling it I wish my son had
400 people hustling it I wish my son had
400 people hustling it I wish my son had 400 people hassling him he’s a teenager
400 people hassling him he’s a teenager
400 people hassling him he’s a teenager as you can see the scientists are
as you can see the scientists are
as you can see the scientists are incredibly serious so the rover has
incredibly serious so the rover has
incredibly serious so the rover has driven 16 kilometers this is where we’ve
driven 16 kilometers this is where we’ve
driven 16 kilometers this is where we’ve landed we’ve driven this whole distance
landed we’ve driven this whole distance
landed we’ve driven this whole distance and we are here now and we’ve built it
and we are here now and we’ve built it
and we are here now and we’ve built it because we’re going to get to these
because we’re going to get to these
because we’re going to get to these exciting rocks at the base of Mount
exciting rocks at the base of Mount
exciting rocks at the base of Mount sharp but I’m going to show you this
sharp but I’m going to show you this
sharp but I’m going to show you this journey in a few slides that come up
journey in a few slides that come up
journey in a few slides that come up upcoming so the first discovery this
upcoming so the first discovery this
upcoming so the first discovery this these beautiful rocks here look a bit
these beautiful rocks here look a bit
these beautiful rocks here look a bit innocuous but you can see these dark
innocuous but you can see these dark
innocuous but you can see these dark things here are pebbles and they’re
things here are pebbles and they’re
things here are pebbles and they’re rounded pebbles and the beautiful thing
rounded pebbles and the beautiful thing
rounded pebbles and the beautiful thing about this discovery as these rounded
about this discovery as these rounded
about this discovery as these rounded pebbles are in an ancient rock formation
pebbles are in an ancient rock formation
pebbles are in an ancient rock formation and these were formed in ancient rivers
and these were formed in ancient rivers
and these were formed in ancient rivers this was the first evidence ever that
this was the first evidence ever that
this was the first evidence ever that liquid water flowed on Mars the first
liquid water flowed on Mars the first
liquid water flowed on Mars the first instance you evidence that we couldn’t
instance you evidence that we couldn’t
instance you evidence that we couldn’t be absolutely certain about this and
be absolutely certain about this and
be absolutely certain about this and then we could actually image through the
then we could actually image through the
then we could actually image through the channel that these cobbles came down
channel that these cobbles came down
channel that these cobbles came down from this is a river channel it’s been
from this is a river channel it’s been
from this is a river channel it’s been preserved on the Martian surface for
preserved on the Martian surface for
preserved on the Martian surface for over 3 billion years it’s fossilized in
over 3 billion years it’s fossilized in
over 3 billion years it’s fossilized in the landscape because the Martian
the landscape because the Martian
the landscape because the Martian climate dried out it went arid we’ve got
climate dried out it went arid we’ve got
climate dried out it went arid we’ve got to Yellowknife Bay and we drilled in
to Yellowknife Bay and we drilled in
to Yellowknife Bay and we drilled in these rocks and you can see the first
these rocks and you can see the first
these rocks and you can see the first drill a hole on Mars to be able to
drill a hole on Mars to be able to
drill a hole on Mars to be able to actually analyze the chemistry and again
actually analyze the chemistry and again
actually analyze the chemistry and again oh yes curiosity took another picture of
oh yes curiosity took another picture of
oh yes curiosity took another picture of itself because she was so proud of her
itself because she was so proud of her
itself because she was so proud of her drill holes here and an amazing
drill holes here and an amazing
drill holes here and an amazing discovery out of this was we actually
discovery out of this was we actually
discovery out of this was we actually discovered organic compounds in those
discovered organic compounds in those
discovered organic compounds in those drill finds but these don’t mean life
drill finds but these don’t mean life
drill finds but these don’t mean life because they can be a biological but the
because they can be a biological but the
because they can be a biological but the fact that we have preservation of
fact that we have preservation of
fact that we have preservation of organics means that by robot we can
organics means that by robot we can
organics means that by robot we can detect this and that’s one step forward
detect this and that’s one step forward
detect this and that’s one step forward in our search for life and we carried on
in our search for life and we carried on
in our search for life and we carried on driving and most of our journey has been
driving and most of our journey has been
driving and most of our journey has been driving to be able to get to the mounted
driving to be able to get to the mounted
driving to be able to get to the mounted base of Mount sharp but you can see
base of Mount sharp but you can see
base of Mount sharp but you can see these incredible images that we get
these incredible images that we get
these incredible images that we get where we can then analyze these rock
where we can then analyze these rock
where we can then analyze these rock formations
formations
formations reconstruct the ancient environments so
reconstruct the ancient environments so
reconstruct the ancient environments so you see a bunch of rocks
you see a bunch of rocks
you see a bunch of rocks I see Delta’s migrating into a possible
I see Delta’s migrating into a possible
I see Delta’s migrating into a possible lake that existed once over here when we
lake that existed once over here when we
lake that existed once over here when we took this image we didn’t know that but
took this image we didn’t know that but
took this image we didn’t know that but then we got to a place called Pahrump
then we got to a place called Pahrump
then we got to a place called Pahrump Hills on the end of our drive and we
Hills on the end of our drive and we
Hills on the end of our drive and we encountered we drove up a section like
encountered we drove up a section like
encountered we drove up a section like this where we did a geological section
this where we did a geological section
this where we did a geological section this is Pahrump Hills
this is Pahrump Hills
this is Pahrump Hills this was the rover drive plan that we
this was the rover drive plan that we
this was the rover drive plan that we path planned and at this stage we didn’t
path planned and at this stage we didn’t
path planned and at this stage we didn’t know what these rocks were we have no
know what these rocks were we have no
know what these rocks were we have no idea it’s only when you get to within a
idea it’s only when you get to within a
idea it’s only when you get to within a few meters of the rock you can start
few meters of the rock you can start
few meters of the rock you can start having an impression so this could be
having an impression so this could be
having an impression so this could be any sort of environment there could be
any sort of environment there could be
any sort of environment there could be really wet environments there could be
really wet environments there could be
really wet environments there could be really dry environments what is good for
really dry environments what is good for
really dry environments what is good for life dry is not good for life and we
life dry is not good for life and we
life dry is not good for life and we discovered these rocks here look at
discovered these rocks here look at
discovered these rocks here look at these beautiful laminated fine-grained
these beautiful laminated fine-grained
these beautiful laminated fine-grained mud stones and these tell us that these
mud stones and these tell us that these
mud stones and these tell us that these rocks were deposited in ancient lakes
rocks were deposited in ancient lakes
rocks were deposited in ancient lakes it’s very difficult to find an
it’s very difficult to find an
it’s very difficult to find an alternative explanation so these were
alternative explanation so these were
alternative explanation so these were really long-lived lakes that existed on
really long-lived lakes that existed on
really long-lived lakes that existed on Mars for hundreds of thousands if not
Mars for hundreds of thousands if not
Mars for hundreds of thousands if not millions of years tells us that a three
millions of years tells us that a three
millions of years tells us that a three and a half billion years ago Mars was a
and a half billion years ago Mars was a
and a half billion years ago Mars was a much nicer place than it is at the
much nicer place than it is at the
much nicer place than it is at the present day and we also saw evidence of
present day and we also saw evidence of
present day and we also saw evidence of rivers think these are evidence for
rivers think these are evidence for
rivers think these are evidence for currents flowing into these ancient
currents flowing into these ancient
currents flowing into these ancient lakes and then we discovered recently
lakes and then we discovered recently
lakes and then we discovered recently possible evidence for mud cracks these
possible evidence for mud cracks these
possible evidence for mud cracks these are mud cracks some of you may have seen
are mud cracks some of you may have seen
are mud cracks some of you may have seen these things this tell us that the lakes
these things this tell us that the lakes
these things this tell us that the lakes dried out so we have short term climate
dried out so we have short term climate
dried out so we have short term climate changes on Mars evidence that the lakes
changes on Mars evidence that the lakes
changes on Mars evidence that the lakes dried out and it became continental so
dried out and it became continental so
dried out and it became continental so environmental change of Mars and it’s
environmental change of Mars and it’s
environmental change of Mars and it’s amazing what these rocks can tell us
amazing what these rocks can tell us
amazing what these rocks can tell us about reconstructing both in time going
about reconstructing both in time going
about reconstructing both in time going back billions of years but also in space
back billions of years but also in space
back billions of years but also in space hundreds of millions of kilometers away
hundreds of millions of kilometers away
hundreds of millions of kilometers away with the fidelity that we can do on
with the fidelity that we can do on
with the fidelity that we can do on earth and we can build models off these
earth and we can build models off these
earth and we can build models off these changing lakes cycles on Mars as
changing lakes cycles on Mars as
changing lakes cycles on Mars as presented in this graphic so ok
presented in this graphic so ok
presented in this graphic so ok curiosity is really proud of her results
curiosity is really proud of her results
curiosity is really proud of her results and again she drills another hole to try
and again she drills another hole to try
and again she drills another hole to try and reconstruct the chemistry of these
and reconstruct the chemistry of these
and reconstruct the chemistry of these rocks over here this is a
rocks over here this is a
rocks over here this is a Caruso and we have all of these drill
Caruso and we have all of these drill
Caruso and we have all of these drill holes you can see the color of the rocks
holes you can see the color of the rocks
holes you can see the color of the rocks changes the drill powder changes and
changes the drill powder changes and
changes the drill powder changes and speakers the chemistry is changing so
speakers the chemistry is changing so
speakers the chemistry is changing so we’re getting a flavor the lakes are
we’re getting a flavor the lakes are
we’re getting a flavor the lakes are changing in their chemistry through time
changing in their chemistry through time
changing in their chemistry through time and that’s interesting again that we
and that’s interesting again that we
and that’s interesting again that we were able to reconstruct this fine scale
were able to reconstruct this fine scale
were able to reconstruct this fine scale environmental change on Mars in terms of
environmental change on Mars in terms of
environmental change on Mars in terms of probably local climate change but
probably local climate change but
probably local climate change but perhaps this relates to global climate
perhaps this relates to global climate
perhaps this relates to global climate change on Mars many billions of years
change on Mars many billions of years
change on Mars many billions of years ago and here’s a very boring movie
ago and here’s a very boring movie
ago and here’s a very boring movie sometimes we stick our cameras up and
sometimes we stick our cameras up and
sometimes we stick our cameras up and see what happens and watch that there’s
see what happens and watch that there’s
see what happens and watch that there’s a little bit of a dust devil floating
a little bit of a dust devil floating
a little bit of a dust devil floating around so sometimes we see exciting
around so sometimes we see exciting
around so sometimes we see exciting things no aliens yet but certainly some
things no aliens yet but certainly some
things no aliens yet but certainly some dust devils flying around on Mars as we
dust devils flying around on Mars as we
dust devils flying around on Mars as we speak so coming up to where we are now
speak so coming up to where we are now
speak so coming up to where we are now the next two exploration begins this was
the next two exploration begins this was
the next two exploration begins this was at Murray boots where we have these
at Murray boots where we have these
at Murray boots where we have these beautiful rocks more of these Lake
beautiful rocks more of these Lake
beautiful rocks more of these Lake mudstones over here and we’re heading in
mudstones over here and we’re heading in
mudstones over here and we’re heading in this direction now we’re driving towards
this direction now we’re driving towards
this direction now we’re driving towards the base of Mount sharp and our bales
the base of Mount sharp and our bales
the base of Mount sharp and our bales here this and this is where we’re going
here this and this is where we’re going
here this and this is where we’re going to be getting in the next few years is
to be getting in the next few years is
to be getting in the next few years is to look at the detailed geology of these
to look at the detailed geology of these
to look at the detailed geology of these rocks over here these rocks fill Gale
rocks over here these rocks fill Gale
rocks over here these rocks fill Gale Crater and we have no idea what these
Crater and we have no idea what these
Crater and we have no idea what these environments represent are these also
environments represent are these also
environments represent are these also ancient Lakes did Mars have lakes that
ancient Lakes did Mars have lakes that
ancient Lakes did Mars have lakes that extended up to built millions of years
extended up to built millions of years
extended up to built millions of years or did Mars dry out did Mars once as
or did Mars dry out did Mars once as
or did Mars dry out did Mars once as Lester’s atmosphere do all of these
Lester’s atmosphere do all of these
Lester’s atmosphere do all of these rocks have here the present arid
rocks have here the present arid
rocks have here the present arid environments and it’s only when we get
environments and it’s only when we get
environments and it’s only when we get up close and personal with these rocks
up close and personal with these rocks
up close and personal with these rocks that we can reconstruct those so watch
that we can reconstruct those so watch
that we can reconstruct those so watch out in the next few years in fact we’re
out in the next few years in fact we’re
out in the next few years in fact we’re going to get to these rocks over here
going to get to these rocks over here
going to get to these rocks over here the Vera Rubin rich in about a month’s
the Vera Rubin rich in about a month’s
the Vera Rubin rich in about a month’s time got am investigating those and then
time got am investigating those and then
time got am investigating those and then we’re going to be climbing progressively
we’re going to be climbing progressively
we’re going to be climbing progressively in the next couple of years in that next
in the next couple of years in that next
in the next couple of years in that next act of exploration and discovery and
act of exploration and discovery and
act of exploration and discovery and sometime in the future maybe 20-30 years
sometime in the future maybe 20-30 years
sometime in the future maybe 20-30 years time will send humans to Mars that will
time will send humans to Mars that will
time will send humans to Mars that will inevitably happen it’s not a quotation
inevitably happen it’s not a quotation
inevitably happen it’s not a quotation question of if it will
question of if it will
question of if it will happen and one can just hope that
happen and one can just hope that
happen and one can just hope that Elmwood alongside the scientists and
Elmwood alongside the scientists and
Elmwood alongside the scientists and geologists who go to Mars
geologists who go to Mars
geologists who go to Mars there will also send some artists
there will also send some artists
there will also send some artists because this is a picture of Earth from
because this is a picture of Earth from
because this is a picture of Earth from Mars and perhaps we’ll get some artistic
Mars and perhaps we’ll get some artistic
Mars and perhaps we’ll get some artistic impressions of Earth our own planet from
impressions of Earth our own planet from
impressions of Earth our own planet from the surface of this now dry dead planet
the surface of this now dry dead planet
the surface of this now dry dead planet Mars thank you very much
Mars thank you very much
Mars thank you very much [Applause]
”
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