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Stop the cycle of violence | Bjørn Ihler | TEDxMaastricht


[Music]

[Music] you

I don’t know what’s up with this let’s

I don’t know what’s up with this let’s see if we can manage no apparently not

see if we can manage no apparently not

see if we can manage no apparently not anyways there’s bubbles on the picture

anyways there’s bubbles on the picture

anyways there’s bubbles on the picture behind me so what the old thing is the

behind me so what the old thing is the

behind me so what the old thing is the biggest problem that we are facing in

biggest problem that we are facing in

biggest problem that we are facing in this world today

this world today

this world today I think it’s bubbles it’s the fact that

I think it’s bubbles it’s the fact that

I think it’s bubbles it’s the fact that we are all living in separate spaces

we are all living in separate spaces

we are all living in separate spaces where we are not really communicating

where we are not really communicating

where we are not really communicating with each other we’re living in our own

with each other we’re living in our own

with each other we’re living in our own bubbles some call it social constructs

bubbles some call it social constructs

bubbles some call it social constructs some call it filter bubbles some call it

some call it filter bubbles some call it

some call it filter bubbles some call it echo chambers the problem is that we

echo chambers the problem is that we

echo chambers the problem is that we don’t really communicate across these

don’t really communicate across these

don’t really communicate across these bubbles how do I know that this is the

bubbles how do I know that this is the

bubbles how do I know that this is the biggest problem I know it’s because I’ve

biggest problem I know it’s because I’ve

biggest problem I know it’s because I’ve lived it in 2011 I was a student I was

lived it in 2011 I was a student I was

lived it in 2011 I was a student I was living in the United Kingdom and I was

living in the United Kingdom and I was

living in the United Kingdom and I was studying theatre of all things and I

studying theatre of all things and I

studying theatre of all things and I went back to Norway where I’m from on

went back to Norway where I’m from on

went back to Norway where I’m from on summer vacation before I moved to the UK

summer vacation before I moved to the UK

summer vacation before I moved to the UK I had been a part of the Labour Youth

I had been a part of the Labour Youth

I had been a part of the Labour Youth party it’s a massive youth movement in

party it’s a massive youth movement in

party it’s a massive youth movement in Norway where we work on politics really

Norway where we work on politics really

Norway where we work on politics really and what I wanted to achieve through

and what I wanted to achieve through

and what I wanted to achieve through that was working for social justice of

that was working for social justice of

that was working for social justice of some sort I wanted to make Norway a

some sort I wanted to make Norway a

some sort I wanted to make Norway a community in which everyone could tribe

community in which everyone could tribe

community in which everyone could tribe despite their background in 2011 I went

despite their background in 2011 I went

despite their background in 2011 I went back to summer vacation and I met with

back to summer vacation and I met with

back to summer vacation and I met with my friends from the Labour Youth party

my friends from the Labour Youth party

my friends from the Labour Youth party at their summer camp every year they

at their summer camp every year they

at their summer camp every year they throw this summer camp on a small island

throw this summer camp on a small island

throw this summer camp on a small island but outside of Oslo I was 20 years old I

but outside of Oslo I was 20 years old I

but outside of Oslo I was 20 years old I was you know a pretty regular kid and a

was you know a pretty regular kid and a

was you know a pretty regular kid and a lot of the people who were at the summer

lot of the people who were at the summer

lot of the people who were at the summer camp was there mostly to enjoy summer

camp was there mostly to enjoy summer

camp was there mostly to enjoy summer like myself not because of the political

like myself not because of the political

like myself not because of the political workshops but because of the parties

workshops but because of the parties

workshops but because of the parties because of the football playing because

because of the football playing because

because of the football playing because of you know the fun having and I went

of you know the fun having and I went

of you know the fun having and I went out there on Thursday afternoon and and

out there on Thursday afternoon and and

out there on Thursday afternoon and and I had and then Friday morning came and I

I had and then Friday morning came and I

I had and then Friday morning came and I crawled out of my tent very late in the

crawled out of my tent very late in the

crawled out of my tent very late in the morning it must have been afternoon

morning it must have been afternoon

morning it must have been afternoon actually because you know evenings when

actually because you know evenings when

actually because you know evenings when you’re 20 and and as I did that a man

you’re 20 and and as I did that a man

you’re 20 and and as I did that a man was driving his car towards Oslo the

was driving his car towards Oslo the

was driving his car towards Oslo the city I grew up and I grew up in Oslo and

city I grew up and I grew up in Oslo and

city I grew up and I grew up in Oslo and this man was driving his car there and

this man was driving his car there and

this man was driving his car there and in that car he had a bomb that he had

in that car he had a bomb that he had

in that car he had a bomb that he had built himself he drove into the

built himself he drove into the

built himself he drove into the government headquarters through these

government headquarters through these

government headquarters through these buildings behind me here he parked his

buildings behind me here he parked his

buildings behind me here he parked his car and let the fuse for his bomb he

car and let the fuse for his bomb he

car and let the fuse for his bomb he left the car went another car and drove

left the car went another car and drove

left the car went another car and drove off

off

off and as he did that the buildings blew up

and as he did that the buildings blew up

and as he did that the buildings blew up all of all slow blew up the city I knew

all of all slow blew up the city I knew

all of all slow blew up the city I knew the city I grew up in was shattered it

the city I grew up in was shattered it

the city I grew up in was shattered it was blown to pieces

was blown to pieces

was blown to pieces we got a notice out on the island and we

we got a notice out on the island and we

we got a notice out on the island and we saw pictures on their cell phones and we

saw pictures on their cell phones and we

saw pictures on their cell phones and we realized that our home is not our home

realized that our home is not our home

realized that our home is not our home anymore

anymore

anymore the place I grew up the place I felt

the place I grew up the place I felt

the place I grew up the place I felt close to you was no longer safe City it

close to you was no longer safe City it

close to you was no longer safe City it used to be in the blast zone was the

used to be in the blast zone was the

used to be in the blast zone was the Central Library of Oslo the place I

Central Library of Oslo the place I

Central Library of Oslo the place I spent most of my school days because I

spent most of my school days because I

spent most of my school days because I was a massive geek and as we realised

was a massive geek and as we realised

was a massive geek and as we realised this as we started calling her family

this as we started calling her family

this as we started calling her family and friends trying to figure out he was

and friends trying to figure out he was

and friends trying to figure out he was okay and he was not under sparing Brevik

okay and he was not under sparing Brevik

okay and he was not under sparing Brevik drove in his car towards us on the

drove in his car towards us on the

drove in his car towards us on the island we gathered in the central place

island we gathered in the central place

island we gathered in the central place of their only camp area and the camp

of their only camp area and the camp

of their only camp area and the camp area is sort of in a crater the island

area is sort of in a crater the island

area is sort of in a crater the island is shaped a little bit like a volcano

is shaped a little bit like a volcano

is shaped a little bit like a volcano like in all the cocaine I like to

like in all the cocaine I like to

like in all the cocaine I like to imagine and then we gathered in the

imagine and then we gathered in the

imagine and then we gathered in the centre of it and there we tried to

centre of it and there we tried to

centre of it and there we tried to figure out what was going on and while

figure out what was going on and while

figure out what was going on and while we were doing that we started hearing

we were doing that we started hearing

we were doing that we started hearing these popping sounds we told maybe its

these popping sounds we told maybe its

these popping sounds we told maybe its fireworks maybe someone is having a

fireworks maybe someone is having a

fireworks maybe someone is having a party it’s summer vacation after all is

party it’s summer vacation after all is

party it’s summer vacation after all is a Friday afternoon like people might

a Friday afternoon like people might

a Friday afternoon like people might like to have fun and not know what’s

like to have fun and not know what’s

like to have fun and not know what’s going on in Oslo

going on in Oslo

going on in Oslo and we were told by staff members at the

and we were told by staff members at the

and we were told by staff members at the island to kind of stay in the center of

island to kind of stay in the center of

island to kind of stay in the center of the island and from the center they only

the island and from the center they only

the island and from the center they only can obviously not see across the lake

can obviously not see across the lake

can obviously not see across the lake and so we thought maybe someone’s

and so we thought maybe someone’s

and so we thought maybe someone’s shooting at the island but that wouldn’t

shooting at the island but that wouldn’t

shooting at the island but that wouldn’t be so dangerous because we are here in

be so dangerous because we are here in

be so dangerous because we are here in the center of the room where you can’t

the center of the room where you can’t

the center of the room where you can’t see across and so we are basically safe

see across and so we are basically safe

see across and so we are basically safe and as we were told that and more people

and as we were told that and more people

and as we were told that and more people came towards us

came towards us

came towards us a man in dark clothes walked across the

a man in dark clothes walked across the

a man in dark clothes walked across the hill that goes around there and some

hill that goes around there and some

hill that goes around there and some people ran towards him and the man in

people ran towards him and the man in

people ran towards him and the man in dark clothes lifted his gun and he shot

dark clothes lifted his gun and he shot

dark clothes lifted his gun and he shot the person who was running towards him

the person who was running towards him

the person who was running towards him straight down that was the first time I

straight down that was the first time I

straight down that was the first time I saw anyone get killed and my brain

saw anyone get killed and my brain

saw anyone get killed and my brain couldn’t comprehend it I couldn’t

couldn’t comprehend it I couldn’t

couldn’t comprehend it I couldn’t understand what was actually happening

understand what was actually happening

understand what was actually happening in front of my eyes I tried to

in front of my eyes I tried to

in front of my eyes I tried to rationalize it in all social ways I

rationalize it in all social ways I

rationalize it in all social ways I thought maybe it’s a absurd military

thought maybe it’s a absurd military

thought maybe it’s a absurd military exercise that no one’s told us about

exercise that no one’s told us about

exercise that no one’s told us about maybe it’s some teenagers with paintball

maybe it’s some teenagers with paintball

maybe it’s some teenagers with paintball guns like having fun I don’t know like

guns like having fun I don’t know like

guns like having fun I don’t know like I’m Norwegian I live in know in

I’m Norwegian I live in know in

I’m Norwegian I live in know in countryside I own no guns and I still

countryside I own no guns and I still

countryside I own no guns and I still somehow got that this could be terribly

somehow got that this could be terribly

somehow got that this could be terribly dangerous and so I turned around and ran

dangerous and so I turned around and ran

dangerous and so I turned around and ran into the woods along with my friends and

into the woods along with my friends and

into the woods along with my friends and there I called my parents and they told

there I called my parents and they told

there I called my parents and they told me to stay safe and try to protect

me to stay safe and try to protect

me to stay safe and try to protect myself we didn’t know what was going on

myself we didn’t know what was going on

myself we didn’t know what was going on neither did they everyone was confused

neither did they everyone was confused

neither did they everyone was confused and then I walked down to the track that

and then I walked down to the track that

and then I walked down to the track that goes around the island and there I met a

goes around the island and there I met a

goes around the island and there I met a young boy this is the island by the way

young boy this is the island by the way

young boy this is the island by the way the boy was 8 years old he was just

the boy was 8 years old he was just

the boy was 8 years old he was just sitting next to the track he had lost

sitting next to the track he had lost

sitting next to the track he had lost track of his father he was a security

track of his father he was a security

track of his father he was a security guard on the island and he was sort of

guard on the island and he was sort of

guard on the island and he was sort of panicking I took the boy and decided to

panicking I took the boy and decided to

panicking I took the boy and decided to hide with him we tried to figure out

hide with him we tried to figure out

hide with him we tried to figure out what we could do and I stayed with him

what we could do and I stayed with him

what we could do and I stayed with him for most of the time I stayed on top of

for most of the time I stayed on top of

for most of the time I stayed on top of him covering his mouth holding him down

him covering his mouth holding him down

him covering his mouth holding him down so he wouldn’t run out and scream to

so he wouldn’t run out and scream to

so he wouldn’t run out and scream to reveal or hiding spot and we stayed like

reveal or hiding spot and we stayed like

reveal or hiding spot and we stayed like that for the better part of an hour and

that for the better part of an hour and

that for the better part of an hour and then

then

then the gunshots came closer to where we

the gunshots came closer to where we

the gunshots came closer to where we were every few seconds we heard gunshots

were every few seconds we heard gunshots

were every few seconds we heard gunshots and as the gunshots came closer to us a

and as the gunshots came closer to us a

and as the gunshots came closer to us a group of people came running towards us

group of people came running towards us

group of people came running towards us and in that grief was another young boy

and in that grief was another young boy

and in that grief was another young boy and I took the two boys and I ran with

and I took the two boys and I ran with

and I took the two boys and I ran with the group and we ran along the track

the group and we ran along the track

the group and we ran along the track that goes around the island and there we

that goes around the island and there we

that goes around the island and there we ran into a pile of dead bodies a pile of

ran into a pile of dead bodies a pile of

ran into a pile of dead bodies a pile of friends of mine who had been executed he

friends of mine who had been executed he

friends of mine who had been executed he had been shot in the head by Anders

had been shot in the head by Anders

had been shot in the head by Anders Behring Breivik and in that pile was a

Behring Breivik and in that pile was a

Behring Breivik and in that pile was a cell phone that was ringing and that was

cell phone that was ringing and that was

cell phone that was ringing and that was the first time I realized that someone

the first time I realized that someone

the first time I realized that someone outside of the island was trying to

outside of the island was trying to

outside of the island was trying to reach someone who was there someone they

reach someone who was there someone they

reach someone who was there someone they loved someone who would never be able to

loved someone who would never be able to

loved someone who would never be able to pick up the phone again and I sort of

pick up the phone again and I sort of

pick up the phone again and I sort of blacked out from that I managed somehow

blacked out from that I managed somehow

blacked out from that I managed somehow to keep track of the boys and I ran with

to keep track of the boys and I ran with

to keep track of the boys and I ran with them and we ended up on the southern tip

them and we ended up on the southern tip

them and we ended up on the southern tip of the island and from there we could

of the island and from there we could

of the island and from there we could see helicopters in the air we could see

see helicopters in the air we could see

see helicopters in the air we could see many boats in the water and we could see

many boats in the water and we could see

many boats in the water and we could see the longest line of blue flashing lights

the longest line of blue flashing lights

the longest line of blue flashing lights from police vehicles you could ever

from police vehicles you could ever

from police vehicles you could ever imagine

imagine

imagine and we told hey more than an hour has

and we told hey more than an hour has

and we told hey more than an hour has passed by now we are finally safe and

passed by now we are finally safe and

passed by now we are finally safe and then out of the woods behind us came a

then out of the woods behind us came a

then out of the woods behind us came a policeman and the policeman told us that

policeman and the policeman told us that

policeman and the policeman told us that we have caught the bad guy

we have caught the bad guy

we have caught the bad guy you’re safe now and as he told us that

you’re safe now and as he told us that

you’re safe now and as he told us that the man who was wearing the police

the man who was wearing the police

the man who was wearing the police uniform lifted his gun and started

uniform lifted his gun and started

uniform lifted his gun and started shooting at our group and I jumped

shooting at our group and I jumped

shooting at our group and I jumped straight in the water with the boys

straight in the water with the boys

straight in the water with the boys following me with bullets flying around

following me with bullets flying around

following me with bullets flying around me I was wearing a massive woollen

me I was wearing a massive woollen

me I was wearing a massive woollen jumper and I sank thank God for that

jumper and I sank thank God for that

jumper and I sank thank God for that jumper must have saved my life and I

jumper must have saved my life and I

jumper must have saved my life and I pulled the jumper off and I stood back

pulled the jumper off and I stood back

pulled the jumper off and I stood back up in the water and I looked back to

up in the water and I looked back to

up in the water and I looked back to watch the island and there I saw

watch the island and there I saw

watch the island and there I saw understeering Brevik taking aim at my

understeering Brevik taking aim at my

understeering Brevik taking aim at my head and for a moment I realized that

head and for a moment I realized that

head and for a moment I realized that this is my last moment I’m going to die

this is my last moment I’m going to die

this is my last moment I’m going to die now and at 20 I came to peace with that

now and at 20 I came to peace with that

now and at 20 I came to peace with that and private fired

and private fired

and private fired and the bullet flew straight past my ear

and the bullet flew straight past my ear

and the bullet flew straight past my ear and he missed and I fell over in the

and he missed and I fell over in the

and he missed and I fell over in the water again and somehow I managed to

water again and somehow I managed to

water again and somehow I managed to swim around some rocks and hide

swim around some rocks and hide

swim around some rocks and hide underneath the trees that were hanging

underneath the trees that were hanging

underneath the trees that were hanging out or the water with the boys no

out or the water with the boys no

out or the water with the boys no surviving an attack like this is

surviving an attack like this is

surviving an attack like this is extremely painful it’s extremely

extremely painful it’s extremely

extremely painful it’s extremely difficult Here I am with the boys and I

difficult Here I am with the boys and I

difficult Here I am with the boys and I spent a long time trying to piece

spent a long time trying to piece

spent a long time trying to piece together my life again

together my life again

together my life again I felt shattered like a puzzle that had

I felt shattered like a puzzle that had

I felt shattered like a puzzle that had to be pieced back together and part of

to be pieced back together and part of

to be pieced back together and part of that was understanding what made

that was understanding what made

that was understanding what made Braddock Brevik Braddock was a far-right

Braddock Brevik Braddock was a far-right

Braddock Brevik Braddock was a far-right extremist a neo-nazi he wanted to kill

extremist a neo-nazi he wanted to kill

extremist a neo-nazi he wanted to kill us because he believed that the Labour

us because he believed that the Labour

us because he believed that the Labour Party was in favor of migration of

Party was in favor of migration of

Party was in favor of migration of people coming to Europe from a diversity

people coming to Europe from a diversity

people coming to Europe from a diversity of backgrounds and living peacefully

of backgrounds and living peacefully

of backgrounds and living peacefully together and yes indeed that was part of

together and yes indeed that was part of

together and yes indeed that was part of the reason I why I was there because I

the reason I why I was there because I

the reason I why I was there because I believe that diversity is something we

believe that diversity is something we

believe that diversity is something we can all live with something we can all

can all live with something we can all

can all live with something we can all try then I started looking at the

try then I started looking at the

try then I started looking at the Braddock’s history and bravery comes

Braddock’s history and bravery comes

Braddock’s history and bravery comes from Oslo he’s similar to me in many

from Oslo he’s similar to me in many

from Oslo he’s similar to me in many ways but he locked himself in a

ways but he locked himself in a

ways but he locked himself in a different bubble than me he lived in a

different bubble than me he lived in a

different bubble than me he lived in a different world than me a world that was

different world than me a world that was

different world than me a world that was driven by fear by fear of people being

driven by fear by fear of people being

driven by fear by fear of people being different and I think this fits very

different and I think this fits very

different and I think this fits very well with a definition of violent

well with a definition of violent

well with a definition of violent extremists in that way I’ve come to

extremists in that way I’ve come to

extremists in that way I’ve come to learn from Desmond Tutu who defined

learn from Desmond Tutu who defined

learn from Desmond Tutu who defined violent extremism as the violent denial

violent extremism as the violent denial

violent extremism as the violent denial of diversity and so the direct opposite

of diversity and so the direct opposite

of diversity and so the direct opposite of violent extremism is diversity it’s

of violent extremism is diversity it’s

of violent extremism is diversity it’s being able to live together and be

being able to live together and be

being able to live together and be different and in order to make that

different and in order to make that

different and in order to make that happen

happen

happen I started working on trying to

I started working on trying to

I started working on trying to understand how people become extremists

understand how people become extremists

understand how people become extremists how do people become so afraid of

how do people become so afraid of

how do people become so afraid of extremism no of diversity I mean I went

extremism no of diversity I mean I went

extremism no of diversity I mean I went to places like Copenhagen we’re here

to places like Copenhagen we’re here

to places like Copenhagen we’re here from the Central Library you can see the

from the Central Library you can see the

from the Central Library you can see the site of the synagogue to which violent

site of the synagogue to which violent

site of the synagogue to which violent extremists went and killed a security

extremists went and killed a security

extremists went and killed a security guard during that attack he also went to

guard during that attack he also went to

guard during that attack he also went to convention where people restore

convention where people restore

convention where people restore talking about freedom of expression I

talking about freedom of expression I

talking about freedom of expression I think the library is a good symbol here

think the library is a good symbol here

think the library is a good symbol here because libraries are temples of wisdom

because libraries are temples of wisdom

because libraries are temples of wisdom people go there to learn about each

people go there to learn about each

people go there to learn about each other’s about different world views

other’s about different world views

other’s about different world views about different ideas people go there to

about different ideas people go there to

about different ideas people go there to grow themselves and I think that’s the

grow themselves and I think that’s the

grow themselves and I think that’s the key to what we have to do we have to

key to what we have to do we have to

key to what we have to do we have to work to grow ourselves to grow what I

work to grow ourselves to grow what I

work to grow ourselves to grow what I call strong positive identities

call strong positive identities

call strong positive identities identities where I’m so comfortable

identities where I’m so comfortable

identities where I’m so comfortable being me that I’m not being threatened

being me that I’m not being threatened

being me that I’m not being threatened by you being you where I’m so

by you being you where I’m so

by you being you where I’m so comfortable being me that we can live

comfortable being me that we can live

comfortable being me that we can live together and be extremely different but

together and be extremely different but

together and be extremely different but still be friends I met mid-war former

still be friends I met mid-war former

still be friends I met mid-war former extremists than anyone else here I am on

extremists than anyone else here I am on

extremists than anyone else here I am on UTA island on the very rocks where I

UTA island on the very rocks where I

UTA island on the very rocks where I almost get killed with our na Mikkel is

almost get killed with our na Mikkel is

almost get killed with our na Mikkel is a former violent extremist the founder

a former violent extremist the founder

a former violent extremist the founder of the largest neo-nazi network in the

of the largest neo-nazi network in the

of the largest neo-nazi network in the world and he keeps saying over and over

world and he keeps saying over and over

world and he keeps saying over and over again hurt people hurt people

again hurt people hurt people

again hurt people hurt people people who experience pain will cause

people who experience pain will cause

people who experience pain will cause other people pain I think there’s

other people pain I think there’s

other people pain I think there’s something profound in that and there’s a

something profound in that and there’s a

something profound in that and there’s a cycle we have to break people who

cycle we have to break people who

cycle we have to break people who experience pain will cause other people

experience pain will cause other people

experience pain will cause other people pain and the only way we can deal with

pain and the only way we can deal with

pain and the only way we can deal with that is by trying to break out of it by

that is by trying to break out of it by

that is by trying to break out of it by trying to cause people happiness instead

trying to cause people happiness instead

trying to cause people happiness instead of causing them pain and we do that by

of causing them pain and we do that by

of causing them pain and we do that by seeing each other by seeing each other

seeing each other by seeing each other

seeing each other by seeing each other as human beings

as human beings

as human beings Arno left the neo-nazi movement after he

Arno left the neo-nazi movement after he

Arno left the neo-nazi movement after he met someone he believed was vastly

met someone he believed was vastly

met someone he believed was vastly different from him a black lady who saw

different from him a black lady who saw

different from him a black lady who saw him said to him you’re better than this

him said to him you’re better than this

him said to him you’re better than this he believed in Arno’s humanity by

he believed in Arno’s humanity by

he believed in Arno’s humanity by reaching out to each other I think he

reaching out to each other I think he

reaching out to each other I think he can do this I think this is a good

can do this I think this is a good

can do this I think this is a good picture that sort of symbolizes how the

picture that sort of symbolizes how the

picture that sort of symbolizes how the world can be seen it’s a picture from my

world can be seen it’s a picture from my

world can be seen it’s a picture from my native Norway

native Norway

native Norway of a mountain that’s divided into blocks

of a mountain that’s divided into blocks

of a mountain that’s divided into blocks and one can say that extremists are now

and one can say that extremists are now

and one can say that extremists are now standing on Easter Block speaking at

standing on Easter Block speaking at

standing on Easter Block speaking at each other shouting at each other but

each other shouting at each other but

each other shouting at each other but not listening to each other and

not listening to each other and

not listening to each other and what we need to do in order to combat

what we need to do in order to combat

what we need to do in order to combat extremism is being this guy in the

extremism is being this guy in the

extremism is being this guy in the middle who’s trying to climb up to the

middle who’s trying to climb up to the

middle who’s trying to climb up to the tops trying to see what’s going on

tops trying to see what’s going on

tops trying to see what’s going on they’re trying to listen to the tops

they’re trying to listen to the tops

they’re trying to listen to the tops bridge the gap between them we have seen

bridge the gap between them we have seen

bridge the gap between them we have seen failures of this such as what’s been

failures of this such as what’s been

failures of this such as what’s been going on and Charles will this fall

going on and Charles will this fall

going on and Charles will this fall where vast amounts of neo-nazis have

where vast amounts of neo-nazis have

where vast amounts of neo-nazis have been marching in the streets we’ve also

been marching in the streets we’ve also

been marching in the streets we’ve also seen larger neo-nazi marches in

seen larger neo-nazi marches in

seen larger neo-nazi marches in Scandinavia in Sweden and Norway than we

Scandinavia in Sweden and Norway than we

Scandinavia in Sweden and Norway than we have seen since the Second World War

have seen since the Second World War

have seen since the Second World War this year I think it’s time we stand up

this year I think it’s time we stand up

this year I think it’s time we stand up and that we bridge the gap after Charlie

and that we bridge the gap after Charlie

and that we bridge the gap after Charlie Hebdo we said just we Charlie we meant

Hebdo we said just we Charlie we meant

Hebdo we said just we Charlie we meant that freedom of expression was the way

that freedom of expression was the way

that freedom of expression was the way to go and I think that is right I think

to go and I think that is right I think

to go and I think that is right I think we need freedom of expression I think we

we need freedom of expression I think we

we need freedom of expression I think we need communication we need to speak it

need communication we need to speak it

need communication we need to speak it to each other and so I invite you all to

to each other and so I invite you all to

to each other and so I invite you all to break your bubbles burst your bubbles

break your bubbles burst your bubbles

break your bubbles burst your bubbles speak to someone who is vastly different

speak to someone who is vastly different

speak to someone who is vastly different from you someone with a different

from you someone with a different

from you someone with a different worldview someone with a different way

worldview someone with a different way

worldview someone with a different way of experiencing and seeing life and by

of experiencing and seeing life and by

of experiencing and seeing life and by speaking to each other by bridging the

speaking to each other by bridging the

speaking to each other by bridging the gaps between the extremes we can fight

gaps between the extremes we can fight

gaps between the extremes we can fight extremism together thank you all very

extremism together thank you all very

extremism together thank you all very much

much

much [Applause]

[Applause]

[Applause] you

[Music]

[Music] [Applause]

”

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