Aristotle is quoted as saying the more you know the more you don’t know
you know the more you don’t know
you know the more you don’t know and it’s that sentiment that I think
and it’s that sentiment that I think
and it’s that sentiment that I think draws me to science the frontiers of
draws me to science the frontiers of
draws me to science the frontiers of science are constantly creating and
science are constantly creating and
science are constantly creating and bursting knowledge bubbles growing what
bursting knowledge bubbles growing what
bursting knowledge bubbles growing what we know and expanding what we don’t know
we know and expanding what we don’t know
we know and expanding what we don’t know dark physics is physics we don’t know
dark physics is physics we don’t know
dark physics is physics we don’t know physics that is yet to be explained
physics that is yet to be explained
physics that is yet to be explained physics that there is evidence for but
physics that there is evidence for but
physics that there is evidence for but the evidences
the evidence is there this is the Milky
the evidence is there this is the Milky Way galaxy and Aristotle would have seen
Way galaxy and Aristotle would have seen
Way galaxy and Aristotle would have seen it easily unfortunately today’s light
it easily unfortunately today’s light
it easily unfortunately today’s light pollution makes it nearly impossible for
pollution makes it nearly impossible for
pollution makes it nearly impossible for us to observe this but Aristotle knew
us to observe this but Aristotle knew
us to observe this but Aristotle knew that we were a part of a much larger
that we were a part of a much larger
that we were a part of a much larger structure a lot larger universe and
structure a lot larger universe and
structure a lot larger universe and thanks to fairly simple telescopic
thanks to fairly simple telescopic
thanks to fairly simple telescopic technology we now know that the Milky
technology we now know that the Milky
technology we now know that the Milky Way galaxy has 100 billion stars in it
Way galaxy has 100 billion stars in it
Way galaxy has 100 billion stars in it of which we are just one solar system
of which we are just one solar system
of which we are just one solar system 100 billion stars thanks to other
100 billion stars thanks to other
100 billion stars thanks to other technology we now know that the stars of
technology we now know that the stars of
technology we now know that the stars of our galaxy are simply one of many the
our galaxy are simply one of many the
our galaxy are simply one of many the Hubble telescope is capable of viewing
Hubble telescope is capable of viewing
Hubble telescope is capable of viewing much deeper into our universe if you
much deeper into our universe if you
much deeper into our universe if you were to take a grain of rice and hold it
were to take a grain of rice and hold it
were to take a grain of rice and hold it at arm’s length at the black sky
at arm’s length at the black sky
at arm’s length at the black sky somewhere at night where you could not
somewhere at night where you could not
somewhere at night where you could not see a single star this would be what you
see a single star this would be what you
see a single star this would be what you could see if you zoomed in far enough
could see if you zoomed in far enough
could see if you zoomed in far enough this image contains 10,000 galaxies each
this image contains 10,000 galaxies each
this image contains 10,000 galaxies each of which contain 100 billion stars
of which contain 100 billion stars
of which contain 100 billion stars roughly just like ours it’s that
roughly just like ours it’s that
roughly just like ours it’s that knowledge that has drawn scientists to
knowledge that has drawn scientists to
knowledge that has drawn scientists to understand our universe on a deeper
understand our universe on a deeper
understand our universe on a deeper level and through other technologies
level and through other technologies
level and through other technologies we’ve been able to scan the entire
we’ve been able to scan the entire
we’ve been able to scan the entire universe this is referred to as the
universe this is referred to as the
universe this is referred to as the microwave background of our universe is
microwave background of our universe is
microwave background of our universe is essentially the light from the
essentially the light from the
essentially the light from the origination of the Big Bang reflecting
origination of the Big Bang reflecting
origination of the Big Bang reflecting off the boundary of our universe and
off the boundary of our universe and
off the boundary of our universe and coming back the distance across is
coming back the distance across is
coming back the distance across is measured as 5.5 million million million
measured as 5.5 million million million
measured as 5.5 million million million million miles or 93 billion light years
million miles or 93 billion light years
million miles or 93 billion light years it’s an immense size it’s unimaginable
it’s an immense size it’s unimaginable
it’s an immense size it’s unimaginable under most conditions but what’s
under most conditions but what’s
under most conditions but what’s remarkable about this structure is that
remarkable about this structure is that
remarkable about this structure is that this image shows a temperature gradient
this image shows a temperature gradient
this image shows a temperature gradient difference in energy of the boundaries
difference in energy of the boundaries
difference in energy of the boundaries of our universe the difference between
of our universe the difference between
of our universe the difference between red and blue is three degrees Kelvin
red and blue is three degrees Kelvin
red and blue is three degrees Kelvin which means that on the largest most
which means that on the largest most
which means that on the largest most zoomed-out scale our universe is nearly
zoomed-out scale our universe is nearly
zoomed-out scale our universe is nearly uniform when you look at it almost
uniform when you look at it almost
uniform when you look at it almost smooth as it were and this fact is a
smooth as it were and this fact is a
smooth as it were and this fact is a remarkable fact and it has yet to have
remarkable fact and it has yet to have
remarkable fact and it has yet to have any true explanation as to how this
any true explanation as to how this
any true explanation as to how this could be so perfectly uniform one such
could be so perfectly uniform one such
could be so perfectly uniform one such explanation comes from something that
explanation comes from something that
explanation comes from something that was actually discovered through a
was actually discovered through a
was actually discovered through a separate experiment separate
separate experiment separate
separate experiment separate observations that had nothing to do with
observations that had nothing to do with
observations that had nothing to do with that particular thought it’s called dark
that particular thought it’s called dark
that particular thought it’s called dark matter dark matter is affected by
matter dark matter is affected by
matter dark matter is affected by gravity but it’s only affected by
gravity but it’s only affected by
gravity but it’s only affected by gravity which means we cannot see it we
gravity which means we cannot see it we
gravity which means we cannot see it we cannot measure it we cannot detect it in
cannot measure it we cannot detect it in
cannot measure it we cannot detect it in any traditional sense save for its
any traditional sense save for its
any traditional sense save for its gravitational effects however by
gravitational effects however by
gravitational effects however by studying its gravitational effects we
studying its gravitational effects we
studying its gravitational effects we now know that the universe the universe
now know that the universe the universe
now know that the universe the universe has ten times the matter that we
has ten times the matter that we
has ten times the matter that we traditionally interact with this immense
traditionally interact with this immense
traditionally interact with this immense mass spread evenly throughout our
mass spread evenly throughout our
mass spread evenly throughout our universe is one possible explanation as
universe is one possible explanation as
universe is one possible explanation as to why this structure is so uniform
to why this structure is so uniform
to why this structure is so uniform furthermore since gravity is a unique
furthermore since gravity is a unique
furthermore since gravity is a unique force in the sense that it is a
force in the sense that it is a
force in the sense that it is a detraction of matter only gravity pulls
detraction of matter only gravity pulls
detraction of matter only gravity pulls matter together it forms structure it
matter together it forms structure it
matter together it forms structure it pulls stars together it creates planets
pulls stars together it creates planets
pulls stars together it creates planets it creates galaxies it slows the energy
it creates galaxies it slows the energy
it creates galaxies it slows the energy as it spreads out and so in 1994 a team
as it spreads out and so in 1994 a team
as it spreads out and so in 1994 a team of scientists set out to measure the
of scientists set out to measure the
of scientists set out to measure the rate at which this expansion was slowing
rate at which this expansion was slowing
rate at which this expansion was slowing down the idea being of course to predict
down the idea being of course to predict
down the idea being of course to predict when the universe would stop expanding
when the universe would stop expanding
when the universe would stop expanding and of course they would have been
and of course they would have been
and of course they would have been awarded the prize simply for measuring
awarded the prize simply for measuring
awarded the prize simply for measuring that rate and determining the value but
that rate and determining the value but
that rate and determining the value but to their surprise and to all scientists
to their surprise and to all scientists
to their surprise and to all scientists surprise they actually discovered that
surprise they actually discovered that
surprise they actually discovered that the acceleration rate
the acceleration rate
the acceleration rate is increase faster today than it has
is increase faster today than it has
is increase faster today than it has ever been in the universe lifetime this
ever been in the universe lifetime this
ever been in the universe lifetime this means that it is energetically expanding
means that it is energetically expanding
means that it is energetically expanding instead of slowing down and forming
instead of slowing down and forming
instead of slowing down and forming structure this is a remarkable and
structure this is a remarkable and
structure this is a remarkable and unexplainable phenomena and to explain
unexplainable phenomena and to explain
unexplainable phenomena and to explain it is well first of all I’m sorry the
it is well first of all I’m sorry the
it is well first of all I’m sorry the the picture of our universe now looks
the picture of our universe now looks
the picture of our universe now looks like this
like this
like this an accelerating universe that is
an accelerating universe that is
an accelerating universe that is expanding faster and faster every day so
expanding faster and faster every day so
expanding faster and faster every day so that sometime well beyond our time on
that sometime well beyond our time on
that sometime well beyond our time on our planet there will come a day where
our planet there will come a day where
our planet there will come a day where the Hubble telescope will not be able to
the Hubble telescope will not be able to
the Hubble telescope will not be able to see those ten thousand galaxies not
see those ten thousand galaxies not
see those ten thousand galaxies not because they’re not there but because
because they’re not there but because
because they’re not there but because they are so far away that the light will
they are so far away that the light will
they are so far away that the light will never reach our planet given that fact
never reach our planet given that fact
never reach our planet given that fact there must be some thing that is causing
there must be some thing that is causing
there must be some thing that is causing this acceleration that acceleration is
this acceleration that acceleration is
this acceleration that acceleration is described currently as dark energy and
described currently as dark energy and
described currently as dark energy and dark energy is even stranger than dark
dark energy is even stranger than dark
dark energy is even stranger than dark matter mainly because we have no real
matter mainly because we have no real
matter mainly because we have no real proof evidence or observation besides
proof evidence or observation besides
proof evidence or observation besides that one fact I just told you that is
that one fact I just told you that is
that one fact I just told you that is making this occur and so that is what is
making this occur and so that is what is
making this occur and so that is what is currently being researched by scientists
currently being researched by scientists
currently being researched by scientists at the frontier of physics to do that
at the frontier of physics to do that
at the frontier of physics to do that research humans have built this device
research humans have built this device
research humans have built this device it’s called the Large Hadron Collider
it’s called the Large Hadron Collider
it’s called the Large Hadron Collider the Large Hadron Collider the LHC is the
the Large Hadron Collider the LHC is the
the Large Hadron Collider the LHC is the largest man-made machine ever it is a 17
largest man-made machine ever it is a 17
largest man-made machine ever it is a 17 mile circumference device that is 500
mile circumference device that is 500
mile circumference device that is 500 feet buried underground it is
feet buried underground it is
feet buried underground it is essentially an enormous electromagnet
essentially an enormous electromagnet
essentially an enormous electromagnet with two main detectors that are beyond
with two main detectors that are beyond
with two main detectors that are beyond scope in size where they accelerate
scope in size where they accelerate
scope in size where they accelerate protons to nearly the speed of light
protons to nearly the speed of light
protons to nearly the speed of light smash them together and detect the
smash them together and detect the
smash them together and detect the particles that come out the catalog
particles that come out the catalog
particles that come out the catalog these particles in a basically an
these particles in a basically an
these particles in a basically an Internet unto itself in order to
Internet unto itself in order to
Internet unto itself in order to identify particles that we have yet to
identify particles that we have yet to
identify particles that we have yet to identify this structure combines a
identify this structure combines a
identify this structure combines a thousand scientists from 35 countries
thousand scientists from 35 countries
thousand scientists from 35 countries researching in multi disciplines of
researching in multi disciplines of
researching in multi disciplines of science physics engineering computer
science physics engineering computer
science physics engineering computer science etc in order to study the 25
science etc in order to study the 25
science etc in order to study the 25 petabytes of data that comes out of
petabytes of data that comes out of
petabytes of data that comes out of those detectors every year the data that
those detectors every year the data that
those detectors every year the data that comes out of those detectors most of
comes out of those detectors most of
comes out of those detectors most of which were mainly familiar with protons
which were mainly familiar with protons
which were mainly familiar with protons neutrons etc but occasionally there are
neutrons etc but occasionally there are
neutrons etc but occasionally there are very interesting and remarkable
very interesting and remarkable
very interesting and remarkable particles that are recognized most
particles that are recognized most
particles that are recognized most notably of which in 2012 was the Higgs
notably of which in 2012 was the Higgs
notably of which in 2012 was the Higgs boson which is the messenger particle
boson which is the messenger particle
boson which is the messenger particle for gravity and it essentially finishes
for gravity and it essentially finishes
for gravity and it essentially finishes the standard model of physics which is
the standard model of physics which is
the standard model of physics which is the theory of physics that we utilize
the theory of physics that we utilize
the theory of physics that we utilize today just in time for this talk last
today just in time for this talk last
today just in time for this talk last week they announced that they also
week they announced that they also
week they announced that they also identified just just last week five
identified just just last week five
identified just just last week five baryons which are high-energy particles
baryons which are high-energy particles
baryons which are high-energy particles that also build out the quantum model
that also build out the quantum model
that also build out the quantum model which is remarkable this device gives us
which is remarkable this device gives us
which is remarkable this device gives us an opportunity to delve into the unknown
an opportunity to delve into the unknown
an opportunity to delve into the unknown and search for these dark phenomena and
and search for these dark phenomena and
and search for these dark phenomena and so I encourage you burst your bubble
so I encourage you burst your bubble
so I encourage you burst your bubble because the more you don’t know the more
because the more you don’t know the more
because the more you don’t know the more interesting life becomes thank you
interesting life becomes thank you
interesting life becomes thank you [Applause]
”
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