my name is Graham right as if has been introduced and I work with the institute
introduced and I work with the institute
introduced and I work with the institute of medical biology and as you can see i
of medical biology and as you can see i
of medical biology and as you can see i am a scientist now the stereotypical
am a scientist now the stereotypical
am a scientist now the stereotypical view of a scientist is somebody who’s
view of a scientist is somebody who’s
view of a scientist is somebody who’s very analytical logical maybe wild hair
very analytical logical maybe wild hair
very analytical logical maybe wild hair so much my case their work has a conch
so much my case their work has a conch
so much my case their work has a conch on wearing socks with sandals and
on wearing socks with sandals and
on wearing socks with sandals and working away all or all day every day in
working away all or all day every day in
working away all or all day every day in a laboratory it’s not generally
a laboratory it’s not generally
a laboratory it’s not generally associated with having a need for a
associated with having a need for a
associated with having a need for a creative flair and with today’s tour
creative flair and with today’s tour
creative flair and with today’s tour character and dispel a myth for you and
character and dispel a myth for you and
character and dispel a myth for you and give you examples of how creative
give you examples of how creative
give you examples of how creative scientists are really shaping the world
scientists are really shaping the world
scientists are really shaping the world which we live take that opportunity to
which we live take that opportunity to
which we live take that opportunity to take a very very little a prodigy ok so
take a very very little a prodigy ok so
take a very very little a prodigy ok so to start with I’d like to give you some
to start with I’d like to give you some
to start with I’d like to give you some great key definitions that I’m going to
great key definitions that I’m going to
great key definitions that I’m going to use travelers talk and the first is what
use travelers talk and the first is what
use travelers talk and the first is what is science science science is the
is science science science is the
is science science science is the intellectual and practical activity in
intellectual and practical activity in
intellectual and practical activity in confessing the systematic study of the
confessing the systematic study of the
confessing the systematic study of the structure behavior the physical the
structure behavior the physical the
structure behavior the physical the natural world from observation and
natural world from observation and
natural world from observation and experiment importantly it builds upon
experiment importantly it builds upon
experiment importantly it builds upon the existing knowledge we have as the
the existing knowledge we have as the
the existing knowledge we have as the human race and furthers it through the
human race and furthers it through the
human race and furthers it through the activity of science and this was very
activity of science and this was very
activity of science and this was very eloquently put by Sir Isaac Newton in
eloquently put by Sir Isaac Newton in
eloquently put by Sir Isaac Newton in 1676 when he said if I have seen further
1676 when he said if I have seen further
1676 when he said if I have seen further and it’s by standing on the shoulders of
and it’s by standing on the shoulders of
and it’s by standing on the shoulders of giants so how do we do it we approach
giants so how do we do it we approach
giants so how do we do it we approach science using something called the
science using something called the
science using something called the scientific method scientific method as a
scientific method scientific method as a
scientific method scientific method as a base means that we have to observe first
base means that we have to observe first
base means that we have to observe first winner need to understand current level
winner need to understand current level
winner need to understand current level of knowledge from that we need to think
of knowledge from that we need to think
of knowledge from that we need to think of new directions or new questions
of new directions or new questions
of new directions or new questions formulate a hypothesis a question or an
formulate a hypothesis a question or an
formulate a hypothesis a question or an idea that we can test the
idea that we can test the
idea that we can test the experimentation empirical
experimentation empirical
experimentation empirical experimentation and that often requires
experimentation and that often requires
experimentation and that often requires several rounds of iteration and
several rounds of iteration and
several rounds of iteration and refinement to improve our hypothesis
refinement to improve our hypothesis
refinement to improve our hypothesis once we’ve collected a sufficient body
once we’ve collected a sufficient body
once we’ve collected a sufficient body of work or experimental results we can
of work or experimental results we can
of work or experimental results we can then develop conclusions or solid the
then develop conclusions or solid the
then develop conclusions or solid the theories out of them now on the web this
theories out of them now on the web this
theories out of them now on the web this probably sounds a little bit dry and
probably sounds a little bit dry and
probably sounds a little bit dry and maybe
maybe
maybe to consider for my club go my phone
to consider for my club go my phone
to consider for my club go my phone setting back into the stereotype so
setting back into the stereotype so
setting back into the stereotype so let’s whatever it slightly more exciting
let’s whatever it slightly more exciting
let’s whatever it slightly more exciting and give you a two quotes one is my
and give you a two quotes one is my
and give you a two quotes one is my goodly Hershel loser professor of argon
goodly Hershel loser professor of argon
goodly Hershel loser professor of argon University and a Nobel laureate and he
University and a Nobel laureate and he
University and a Nobel laureate and he said you’re exploring a question we
said you’re exploring a question we
said you’re exploring a question we don’t have princess to as the challenge
don’t have princess to as the challenge
don’t have princess to as the challenge as the adventure it it’s very nice way
as the adventure it it’s very nice way
as the adventure it it’s very nice way to put it and also Debra Smith of Penn
to put it and also Debra Smith of Penn
to put it and also Debra Smith of Penn State University when describing the
State University when describing the
State University when describing the scientific method says in the question
scientific method says in the question
scientific method says in the question to make sense of the natural world
to make sense of the natural world
to make sense of the natural world scientists think of new ways to figure
scientists think of new ways to figure
scientists think of new ways to figure out to approach problems to figure out
out to approach problems to figure out
out to approach problems to figure out how to collect meaningful data and
how to collect meaningful data and
how to collect meaningful data and explore of these data for me neways
explore of these data for me neways
explore of these data for me neways figure out explore all of these have an
figure out explore all of these have an
figure out explore all of these have an element of creativity about them so now
element of creativity about them so now
element of creativity about them so now I find science and how we do it what
I find science and how we do it what
I find science and how we do it what about creativity so creativity is the
about creativity so creativity is the
about creativity so creativity is the use of imagination and more original
use of imagination and more original
use of imagination and more original ideas to create something new and
ideas to create something new and
ideas to create something new and vulnerable and if we take examples in
vulnerable and if we take examples in
vulnerable and if we take examples in the art world that’s very easy to see
the art world that’s very easy to see
the art world that’s very easy to see where creativity since we start with a
where creativity since we start with a
where creativity since we start with a blank canvas as we were drawing we can
blank canvas as we were drawing we can
blank canvas as we were drawing we can end up with something like this or at
end up with something like this or at
end up with something like this or at least he sure did or if we start with
least he sure did or if we start with
least he sure did or if we start with some molten metal we can turn it into a
some molten metal we can turn it into a
some molten metal we can turn it into a sculpture I like this one by Trump and
sculpture I like this one by Trump and
sculpture I like this one by Trump and wrong you can see on the singapore river
wrong you can see on the singapore river
wrong you can see on the singapore river bank makes a bulletin from temperature
bank makes a bulletin from temperature
bank makes a bulletin from temperature familiar with it it’s easy for us to see
familiar with it it’s easy for us to see
familiar with it it’s easy for us to see whether creative process is common and
whether creative process is common and
whether creative process is common and it’s turning something into something
it’s turning something into something
it’s turning something into something much more appealing so where then the
much more appealing so where then the
much more appealing so where then the scientific endeavor and creativity
scientific endeavor and creativity
scientific endeavor and creativity comply well hope to show you that there
comply well hope to show you that there
comply well hope to show you that there in fact intertwined think about every
in fact intertwined think about every
in fact intertwined think about every day you use a smartphone drive or your
day you use a smartphone drive or your
day you use a smartphone drive or your parents private fuel-efficient car or
parents private fuel-efficient car or
parents private fuel-efficient car or you see people or you take drugs to
you see people or you take drugs to
you see people or you take drugs to treat an ailment that you’re suffering
treat an ailment that you’re suffering
treat an ailment that you’re suffering from these are all been created in some
from these are all been created in some
from these are all been created in some way by scientists and then a creative
way by scientists and then a creative
way by scientists and then a creative separate event developing but scientists
separate event developing but scientists
separate event developing but scientists must have a solid understanding that’s
must have a solid understanding that’s
must have a solid understanding that’s where we start now you need to alter
where we start now you need to alter
where we start now you need to alter that means we read literature we ba3 to
that means we read literature we ba3 to
that means we read literature we ba3 to attend seminars and conferences we learn
attend seminars and conferences we learn
attend seminars and conferences we learn about what latest knowledge is and then
about what latest knowledge is and then
about what latest knowledge is and then we’ve got an either pick holes in it or
we’ve got an either pick holes in it or
we’ve got an either pick holes in it or develop questions to take it
develop questions to take it
develop questions to take it next step so critically thinking about
next step so critically thinking about
next step so critically thinking about it creatively thinking about what the
it creatively thinking about what the
it creatively thinking about what the questions remaining are is important
questions remaining are is important
questions remaining are is important step and example Aaron like my PhD
step and example Aaron like my PhD
step and example Aaron like my PhD supervisor professor Nick Regent
supervisor professor Nick Regent
supervisor professor Nick Regent University of Edinburgh at the time was
University of Edinburgh at the time was
University of Edinburgh at the time was told me the science will never be
told me the science will never be
told me the science will never be finished by doing science you do a lot
finished by doing science you do a lot
finished by doing science you do a lot of experience and you may well go a long
of experience and you may well go a long
of experience and you may well go a long way to answering a specific set of
way to answering a specific set of
way to answering a specific set of questions when doing so we will ask
questions when doing so we will ask
questions when doing so we will ask another 10 questions the job will never
another 10 questions the job will never
another 10 questions the job will never be done so based on the knowledge that
be done so based on the knowledge that
be done so based on the knowledge that we have in the world we then formulate a
we have in the world we then formulate a
we have in the world we then formulate a hypothesis this I argue as a creative
hypothesis this I argue as a creative
hypothesis this I argue as a creative step thinking of a new idea or a new
step thinking of a new idea or a new
step thinking of a new idea or a new explanation for the phenomenon we then
explanation for the phenomenon we then
explanation for the phenomenon we then love the design our experiments and
love the design our experiments and
love the design our experiments and again this is the creatives that we have
again this is the creatives that we have
again this is the creatives that we have to think of new ways to approach an
to think of new ways to approach an
to think of new ways to approach an experiment or a question to address it
experiment or a question to address it
experiment or a question to address it in a different way and if we just did
in a different way and if we just did
in a different way and if we just did the same experiment together again we
the same experiment together again we
the same experiment together again we just keep finding out and saying answers
just keep finding out and saying answers
just keep finding out and saying answers to the question again and again there
to the question again and again there
to the question again and again there are many tools and techniques that we
are many tools and techniques that we
are many tools and techniques that we have available to us as a scientist and
have available to us as a scientist and
have available to us as a scientist and selection of the right ones
selection of the right ones
selection of the right ones understanding their pros and cons their
understanding their pros and cons their
understanding their pros and cons their advantages and their limitations is a
advantages and their limitations is a
advantages and their limitations is a key step into the inter designing a good
key step into the inter designing a good
key step into the inter designing a good experiment and the tools themselves have
experiment and the tools themselves have
experiment and the tools themselves have come from somewhere they invented
come from somewhere they invented
come from somewhere they invented developed and that is an area of
developed and that is an area of
developed and that is an area of scientific involves creativity I’m going
scientific involves creativity I’m going
scientific involves creativity I’m going to draw an examples from microscopy an
to draw an examples from microscopy an
to draw an examples from microscopy an area of my own expertise of where
area of my own expertise of where
area of my own expertise of where invention has been required an elegant
invention has been required an elegant
invention has been required an elegant to use to this presentation gentleman
to use to this presentation gentleman
to use to this presentation gentleman called anthony van Leeuwenhoek is
called anthony van Leeuwenhoek is
called anthony van Leeuwenhoek is credited widely credited with the
credited widely credited with the
credited widely credited with the invention the first microscope recently
invention the first microscope recently
invention the first microscope recently he would have celebrated his 380 fourth
he would have celebrated his 380 fourth
he would have celebrated his 380 fourth birthday traditional be with us as
birthday traditional be with us as
birthday traditional be with us as google celebrated for its earth Tim on
google celebrated for its earth Tim on
google celebrated for its earth Tim on the right hand side and what he did was
the right hand side and what he did was
the right hand side and what he did was cook down as microscope which is what
cook down as microscope which is what
cook down as microscope which is what scalding and look into a droplet of
scalding and look into a droplet of
scalding and look into a droplet of water from a lake from there by and he
water from a lake from there by and he
water from a lake from there by and he saw what he described as little animals
saw what he described as little animals
saw what he described as little animals these little animals we now know
these little animals we now know
these little animals we now know bacteria fungi and algae or the
bacteria fungi and algae or the
bacteria fungi and algae or the microbial world around us this this is
microbial world around us this this is
microbial world around us this this is an image of fun one of our human
an image of fun one of our human
an image of fun one of our human original my prescription this is the far
original my prescription this is the far
original my prescription this is the far private sort of microscopes I’m using
private sort of microscopes I’m using
private sort of microscopes I’m using today just across the road yes did you
today just across the road yes did you
today just across the road yes did you medical biology this is brought to mind
medical biology this is brought to mind
medical biology this is brought to mind a very nice quotation from ouran Ferrari
a very nice quotation from ouran Ferrari
a very nice quotation from ouran Ferrari the link professor in the University of
the link professor in the University of
the link professor in the University of San Francisco when he said the electric
San Francisco when he said the electric
San Francisco when he said the electric line did not come from the continuous
line did not come from the continuous
line did not come from the continuous development to big step writing this so
development to big step writing this so
development to big step writing this so there we are on that and that’s his
there we are on that and that’s his
there we are on that and that’s his morning that statement we make many
morning that statement we make many
morning that statement we make many incremental Gators sometimes it’s a John
incremental Gators sometimes it’s a John
incremental Gators sometimes it’s a John to the owner or a bigger jump forward
to the owner or a bigger jump forward
to the owner or a bigger jump forward that allows us to have access to the
that allows us to have access to the
that allows us to have access to the sort of tools that we using science
sort of tools that we using science
sort of tools that we using science example I’d like to give you this is
example I’d like to give you this is
example I’d like to give you this is super resolution microscopy sir it’s a
super resolution microscopy sir it’s a
super resolution microscopy sir it’s a technique is only developed in the last
technique is only developed in the last
technique is only developed in the last decade was revolutionized some of the
decade was revolutionized some of the
decade was revolutionized some of the biology that we can study as a
biology that we can study as a
biology that we can study as a consequence of its development and such
consequence of its development and such
consequence of its development and such was its impact that this pre gentlemen
was its impact that this pre gentlemen
was its impact that this pre gentlemen were awarded the nobel prize in 2014 for
were awarded the nobel prize in 2014 for
were awarded the nobel prize in 2014 for that develops resolution microscopy
that develops resolution microscopy
that develops resolution microscopy without this level of creativity
without this level of creativity
without this level of creativity curiosity invention of these scientific
curiosity invention of these scientific
curiosity invention of these scientific tools we still be SAT there wondering
tools we still be SAT there wondering
tools we still be SAT there wondering all those little animals are inside the
all those little animals are inside the
all those little animals are inside the chocolate fondant so here’s an example
chocolate fondant so here’s an example
chocolate fondant so here’s an example of how we use super-resolution
of how we use super-resolution
of how we use super-resolution microscopy what you’re looking at is a
microscopy what you’re looking at is a
microscopy what you’re looking at is a cell that’s undergoing the critical step
cell that’s undergoing the critical step
cell that’s undergoing the critical step of meiosis cell division it needs
of meiosis cell division it needs
of meiosis cell division it needs automated production of the sperm and
automated production of the sperm and
automated production of the sperm and the egg cells and you’re looking at two
the egg cells and you’re looking at two
the egg cells and you’re looking at two pro proteins that have been labeled in
pro proteins that have been labeled in
pro proteins that have been labeled in green and red the red one was called SCP
green and red the red one was called SCP
green and red the red one was called SCP three greenhorns cash by details what’s
three greenhorns cash by details what’s
three greenhorns cash by details what’s happening is that the cell has to align
happening is that the cell has to align
happening is that the cell has to align its pairs of chromosomes together and
its pairs of chromosomes together and
its pairs of chromosomes together and deliver those chromosomes to appropriate
deliver those chromosomes to appropriate
deliver those chromosomes to appropriate daughter cells this is a critical step
daughter cells this is a critical step
daughter cells this is a critical step if it goes wrong with me can lead to
if it goes wrong with me can lead to
if it goes wrong with me can lead to infertility or genetic disorder such as
infertility or genetic disorder such as
infertility or genetic disorder such as having a wrong number of procent
having a wrong number of procent
having a wrong number of procent tri-zone reason I down syndrome very
tri-zone reason I down syndrome very
tri-zone reason I down syndrome very instead it was to get it right every
instead it was to get it right every
instead it was to get it right every time so what you’re seeing here is a
time so what you’re seeing here is a
time so what you’re seeing here is a protein that’s if you’ve made which is
protein that’s if you’ve made which is
protein that’s if you’ve made which is the glue between the two chromosomes the
the glue between the two chromosomes the
the glue between the two chromosomes the green protein is responsible bringing
green protein is responsible bringing
green protein is responsible bringing those chromosomes together
those chromosomes together
those chromosomes together 3d space holding them together using the
3d space holding them together using the
3d space holding them together using the medical team this is a very nice image
medical team this is a very nice image
medical team this is a very nice image but it’s a conventional microscopy
but it’s a conventional microscopy
but it’s a conventional microscopy images with pores with the resolution
images with pores with the resolution
images with pores with the resolution what I’m going to do is press the button
what I’m going to do is press the button
what I’m going to do is press the button it’s going to turn it into the super
it’s going to turn it into the super
it’s going to turn it into the super resolution image so here we go ready 123
resolution image so here we go ready 123
resolution image so here we go ready 123 there you go exactly the same sample and
there you go exactly the same sample and
there you go exactly the same sample and what you should have seen is that each
what you should have seen is that each
what you should have seen is that each of those single red elements has become
of those single red elements has become
of those single red elements has become to parallel the elements running
to parallel the elements running
to parallel the elements running together that we just couldn’t see
together that we just couldn’t see
together that we just couldn’t see before we had super-resolution
before we had super-resolution
before we had super-resolution microscopy we knew a matter of other
microscopy we knew a matter of other
microscopy we knew a matter of other techniques but we couldn’t visualize it
techniques but we couldn’t visualize it
techniques but we couldn’t visualize it in such a way obviously now we have
in such a way obviously now we have
in such a way obviously now we have access to these tools we can ask the
access to these tools we can ask the
access to these tools we can ask the question have my chromosomes pair they
question have my chromosomes pair they
question have my chromosomes pair they not had it wrong all these little
not had it wrong all these little
not had it wrong all these little questions that we just couldn’t access
questions that we just couldn’t access
questions that we just couldn’t access before so the invention of this
before so the invention of this
before so the invention of this technology creation of this technology
technology creation of this technology
technology creation of this technology is very important step it’s enabled us
is very important step it’s enabled us
is very important step it’s enabled us to do this sort of work but thinking
to do this sort of work but thinking
to do this sort of work but thinking more broadly to get to this stage we’ve
more broadly to get to this stage we’ve
more broadly to get to this stage we’ve had to have many inventions along the
had to have many inventions along the
had to have many inventions along the way allowed someone then to develop the
way allowed someone then to develop the
way allowed someone then to develop the super-resolution microscopy and they
super-resolution microscopy and they
super-resolution microscopy and they were never fool about in terms of
were never fool about in terms of
were never fool about in terms of developing for this application they
developing for this application they
developing for this application they were invented for themselves and then
were invented for themselves and then
were invented for themselves and then people talked about how to utilize it so
people talked about how to utilize it so
people talked about how to utilize it so when he did the laser lab by Theodore
when he did the laser lab by Theodore
when he did the laser lab by Theodore mainland in 1960 when he did someone to
mainland in 1960 when he did someone to
mainland in 1960 when he did someone to develop ways of producing very specific
develop ways of producing very specific
develop ways of producing very specific antibodies to label our routines you
antibodies to label our routines you
antibodies to label our routines you then needed fluorescent molecules miles
then needed fluorescent molecules miles
then needed fluorescent molecules miles to see them in a microscope we never
to see them in a microscope we never
to see them in a microscope we never finally we then needed a powerful
finally we then needed a powerful
finally we then needed a powerful computer technology to allow us to drive
computer technology to allow us to drive
computer technology to allow us to drive these instruments within those computers
these instruments within those computers
these instruments within those computers we needed two algorithms first developed
we needed two algorithms first developed
we needed two algorithms first developed for the public space telescope that we
for the public space telescope that we
for the public space telescope that we can now use decide the magnitude and
can now use decide the magnitude and
can now use decide the magnitude and finally we needed those Nobel laureates
finally we needed those Nobel laureates
finally we needed those Nobel laureates think about level ways to integrate all
think about level ways to integrate all
think about level ways to integrate all of this knowledge base like then finally
of this knowledge base like then finally
of this knowledge base like then finally very importantly that’s last but not
very importantly that’s last but not
very importantly that’s last but not least we needed a creative scientist in
least we needed a creative scientist in
least we needed a creative scientist in this case gentleman’s name is heading
this case gentleman’s name is heading
this case gentleman’s name is heading one of the beholder of the world I just
one of the beholder of the world I just
one of the beholder of the world I just shooting we needed to create a scientist
shooting we needed to create a scientist
shooting we needed to create a scientist by the ingenuity of invention to think
by the ingenuity of invention to think
by the ingenuity of invention to think about using this mobile application so
about using this mobile application so
about using this mobile application so an enemy stages scientists have even
an enemy stages scientists have even
an enemy stages scientists have even created one further example are there to
created one further example are there to
created one further example are there to give us better GSP very cleverly named
give us better GSP very cleverly named
give us better GSP very cleverly named protein because it was invented not
protein because it was invented not
protein because it was invented not mighty was invented by this jellyfish
mighty was invented by this jellyfish
mighty was invented by this jellyfish called a choreo Victoria hundred sixty
called a choreo Victoria hundred sixty
called a choreo Victoria hundred sixty million years ago for that rest is 160
million years ago for that rest is 160
million years ago for that rest is 160 million years of human race to tacoma
million years of human race to tacoma
million years of human race to tacoma sapiens have had to evolve and we’ve had
sapiens have had to evolve and we’ve had
sapiens have had to evolve and we’ve had to form a civilized society that was
to form a civilized society that was
to form a civilized society that was science and other things and then we
science and other things and then we
science and other things and then we found that found out about this protein
found that found out about this protein
found that found out about this protein at the jellyfish juices in 1994 martin
at the jellyfish juices in 1994 martin
at the jellyfish juices in 1994 martin champion gentleman in the middle earth
champion gentleman in the middle earth
champion gentleman in the middle earth and his colleagues of publishers that
and his colleagues of publishers that
and his colleagues of publishers that the first labor that utilized GF key the
the first labor that utilized GF key the
the first labor that utilized GF key the journal science as you can see here now
journal science as you can see here now
journal science as you can see here now the secret to this is that the jellyfish
the secret to this is that the jellyfish
the secret to this is that the jellyfish encodes a protein gfp from its gene from
encodes a protein gfp from its gene from
encodes a protein gfp from its gene from a gene if we can take about genetic
a gene if we can take about genetic
a gene if we can take about genetic sequence out of the jellyfish put it
sequence out of the jellyfish put it
sequence out of the jellyfish put it somewhere else in this case it in a worm
somewhere else in this case it in a worm
somewhere else in this case it in a worm and we can tie it to a protein of info
and we can tie it to a protein of info
and we can tie it to a protein of info gene of interest in that word so that
gene of interest in that word so that
gene of interest in that word so that the two go together whenever it produces
the two go together whenever it produces
the two go together whenever it produces this protein it also produces a gfp in
this protein it also produces a gfp in
this protein it also produces a gfp in the two go together so not only can we
the two go together so not only can we
the two go together so not only can we now see where our protein is inside the
now see where our protein is inside the
now see where our protein is inside the work or we can also see where it goes on
work or we can also see where it goes on
work or we can also see where it goes on all the time each other living organism
all the time each other living organism
all the time each other living organism this was revolutionary for biology for
this was revolutionary for biology for
this was revolutionary for biology for sale biologic particularly we can now
sale biologic particularly we can now
sale biologic particularly we can now label any protein of interest that we
label any protein of interest that we
label any protein of interest that we want follow where it goes over time in a
want follow where it goes over time in a
want follow where it goes over time in a living cell and so there’s these three
living cell and so there’s these three
living cell and so there’s these three gentlemen here we reported the Nobel
gentlemen here we reported the Nobel
gentlemen here we reported the Nobel Prize in 2008 to that the scrub readers
Prize in 2008 to that the scrub readers
Prize in 2008 to that the scrub readers has far-reaching consequences will in
has far-reaching consequences will in
has far-reaching consequences will in biological give you two examples of how
biological give you two examples of how
biological give you two examples of how we use gfp and allow them its
we use gfp and allow them its
we use gfp and allow them its derivatives on the left errors and human
derivatives on the left errors and human
derivatives on the left errors and human skin cells that we’re growing in a dish
skin cells that we’re growing in a dish
skin cells that we’re growing in a dish or watching the behavior on my journal
or watching the behavior on my journal
or watching the behavior on my journal we’ve labeled the keratin filaments
we’ve labeled the keratin filaments
we’ve labeled the keratin filaments within those cells keratin is not only
within those cells keratin is not only
within those cells keratin is not only in your nails it’s the stuff that gives
in your nails it’s the stuff that gives
in your nails it’s the stuff that gives you this mechanical strength in your
you this mechanical strength in your
you this mechanical strength in your skin that goes wrong for sort of
skin that goes wrong for sort of
skin that goes wrong for sort of terrible diseases as a consequence so
terrible diseases as a consequence so
terrible diseases as a consequence so now we can watch as a cell migrate is
now we can watch as a cell migrate is
now we can watch as a cell migrate is how that carries in three models and how
how that carries in three models and how
how that carries in three models and how it reorganizes itself during cell
it reorganizes itself during cell
it reorganizes itself during cell division sign language on the right hand
division sign language on the right hand
division sign language on the right hand side you have a zebrafish embryos as the
side you have a zebrafish embryos as the
side you have a zebrafish embryos as the fertilized embryo it’s going for a
fertilized embryo it’s going for a
fertilized embryo it’s going for a single seven
single seven
single seven looking very rapidly on its way to Adam
looking very rapidly on its way to Adam
looking very rapidly on its way to Adam fish and what you can see here we’ve
fish and what you can see here we’ve
fish and what you can see here we’ve labeled with gfp the protein that’s
labeled with gfp the protein that’s
labeled with gfp the protein that’s within the nucleus so you can see the
within the nucleus so you can see the
within the nucleus so you can see the nucleus of the chromosomes indent and
nucleus of the chromosomes indent and
nucleus of the chromosomes indent and divine into two indices of self image of
divine into two indices of self image of
divine into two indices of self image of two daughter cells without GF images
two daughter cells without GF images
two daughter cells without GF images could not seen it so coming back to the
could not seen it so coming back to the
could not seen it so coming back to the scientific method creativity is a key
scientific method creativity is a key
scientific method creativity is a key step of all all throughout this method
step of all all throughout this method
step of all all throughout this method formulating a hypothesis developing
formulating a hypothesis developing
formulating a hypothesis developing tools and then choosing which of those
tools and then choosing which of those
tools and then choosing which of those tools to use and how in a pimp coming up
tools to use and how in a pimp coming up
tools to use and how in a pimp coming up with an experimental method and then and
with an experimental method and then and
with an experimental method and then and applying them in novel ways and it’s
applying them in novel ways and it’s
applying them in novel ways and it’s also important in developing a
also important in developing a
also important in developing a conclusion now this shouldn’t be taken
conclusion now this shouldn’t be taken
conclusion now this shouldn’t be taken too far we don’t create results we want
too far we don’t create results we want
too far we don’t create results we want to use creativity to understand them the
to use creativity to understand them the
to use creativity to understand them the ideas of oils might be working around so
ideas of oils might be working around so
ideas of oils might be working around so the work that I can do and others can do
the work that I can do and others can do
the work that I can do and others can do is the culmination of many years of
is the culmination of many years of
is the culmination of many years of research across many disciplines all the
research across many disciplines all the
research across many disciplines all the disciplines by many talented people from
disciplines by many talented people from
disciplines by many talented people from all over the world each scientist is
all over the world each scientist is
all over the world each scientist is building on what’s known and using that
building on what’s known and using that
building on what’s known and using that insight and creativity to push forward
insight and creativity to push forward
insight and creativity to push forward the boundaries of human understanding
the boundaries of human understanding
the boundaries of human understanding with that I would like to thank you your
with that I would like to thank you your
with that I would like to thank you your attention and enjoy the rest
”
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