[Music] behind me is a cartoon of a developing
behind me is a cartoon of a developing
behind me is a cartoon of a developing human embryo until the really recent
human embryo until the really recent
human embryo until the really recent last few weeks an embryo could survive
last few weeks an embryo could survive
last few weeks an embryo could survive outside the human body only until about
outside the human body only until about
outside the human body only until about the fourteenth day so it could divide so
the fourteenth day so it could divide so
the fourteenth day so it could divide so called in vitro in a test tube in a
called in vitro in a test tube in a
called in vitro in a test tube in a laboratory up to the point of two weeks
laboratory up to the point of two weeks
laboratory up to the point of two weeks and at two weeks tissues start to
and at two weeks tissues start to
and at two weeks tissues start to differentiate and so that became the
differentiate and so that became the
differentiate and so that became the standard the policy that the rule by
standard the policy that the rule by
standard the policy that the rule by which the world agreed to allow human
which the world agreed to allow human
which the world agreed to allow human embryos to grow outside the human body
embryos to grow outside the human body
embryos to grow outside the human body 14 days and the map of the world and the
14 days and the map of the world and the
14 days and the map of the world and the regulations around what could be
regulations around what could be
regulations around what could be permitted looked like this
the rule was created by the limits of
the rule was created by the limits of technology plus what we took to be a
technology plus what we took to be a
technology plus what we took to be a moral boundary as an embryo begins to
moral boundary as an embryo begins to
moral boundary as an embryo begins to divide to the point where tissues start
divide to the point where tissues start
divide to the point where tissues start to differentiate maybe there’s something
to differentiate maybe there’s something
to differentiate maybe there’s something different about that outside the body
different about that outside the body
different about that outside the body and we shouldn’t allow it to go further
and we shouldn’t allow it to go further
and we shouldn’t allow it to go further that was the case policy around the
that was the case policy around the
that was the case policy around the world international consensus until this
world international consensus until this
world international consensus until this year until 2016 when two groups were
year until 2016 when two groups were
year until 2016 when two groups were able to grow embryos past that 14-day
able to grow embryos past that 14-day
able to grow embryos past that 14-day limit outside of the body and so calls
limit outside of the body and so calls
limit outside of the body and so calls have been in the literature for
have been in the literature for
have been in the literature for extending the 14-day limit why should we
extending the 14-day limit why should we
extending the 14-day limit why should we stop when technology allows us to go
stop when technology allows us to go
stop when technology allows us to go further lots of science can be learned
further lots of science can be learned
further lots of science can be learned lots of advantage for how we treat
lots of advantage for how we treat
lots of advantage for how we treat couples who have infertility could be
couples who have infertility could be
couples who have infertility could be had by going past that 14-day limit but
had by going past that 14-day limit but
had by going past that 14-day limit but what is the morality of growing embryos
what is the morality of growing embryos
what is the morality of growing embryos past the point of tissues beginning to
past the point of tissues beginning to
past the point of tissues beginning to differentiate so there’s no longer a
differentiate so there’s no longer a
differentiate so there’s no longer a technological boundary
technological boundary
technological boundary and we didn’t really create a hard moral
and we didn’t really create a hard moral
and we didn’t really create a hard moral boundary and so we’re in the point of
boundary and so we’re in the point of
boundary and so we’re in the point of our history related to embryo research
our history related to embryo research
our history related to embryo research where there really isn’t a clear rule
here’s a photograph of a human embryo so
here’s a photograph of a human embryo so I showed you a cartoon a minute ago this
I showed you a cartoon a minute ago this
I showed you a cartoon a minute ago this is actually a highly magnified
is actually a highly magnified
is actually a highly magnified photograph of a three-day-old
photograph of a three-day-old
photograph of a three-day-old embryo just a few divisions after
embryo just a few divisions after
embryo just a few divisions after fertilization egg and sperm come
fertilization egg and sperm come
fertilization egg and sperm come together that makes one divides once
together that makes one divides once
together that makes one divides once into two twice into four one more time
into two twice into four one more time
into two twice into four one more time into eight that’s an eight-cell embryo
into eight that’s an eight-cell embryo
into eight that’s an eight-cell embryo behind me about three days after
behind me about three days after
behind me about three days after fertilization it’s being held by that
fertilization it’s being held by that
fertilization it’s being held by that red pipette in place so that the smaller
red pipette in place so that the smaller
red pipette in place so that the smaller pipette can be inserted and a single
pipette can be inserted and a single
pipette can be inserted and a single cell removed from that developing embryo
cell removed from that developing embryo
cell removed from that developing embryo this is called pre-implantation genetic
this is called pre-implantation genetic
this is called pre-implantation genetic diagnosis it’s a biopsy effectively of a
diagnosis it’s a biopsy effectively of a
diagnosis it’s a biopsy effectively of a very early stage embryo again in vitro
very early stage embryo again in vitro
very early stage embryo again in vitro outside of the body what’s the point
outside of the body what’s the point
outside of the body what’s the point this can be used and has been used again
this can be used and has been used again
this can be used and has been used again since the 1990s in this case to do
since the 1990s in this case to do
since the 1990s in this case to do genetic testing of an embryo prior to
genetic testing of an embryo prior to
genetic testing of an embryo prior to implanting it into a woman’s body to
implanting it into a woman’s body to
implanting it into a woman’s body to identify the embryos that might be
identify the embryos that might be
identify the embryos that might be diseased and avoid implanting those used
diseased and avoid implanting those used
diseased and avoid implanting those used very widely for families that know that
very widely for families that know that
very widely for families that know that they’re at risk of passing on diseases
they’re at risk of passing on diseases
they’re at risk of passing on diseases like cystic fibrosis and so that’s what
like cystic fibrosis and so that’s what
like cystic fibrosis and so that’s what it was used for in the late 80s until
it was used for in the late 80s until
it was used for in the late 80s until the middle late 1990s because we didn’t
the middle late 1990s because we didn’t
the middle late 1990s because we didn’t really think about other kinds of
really think about other kinds of
really think about other kinds of applications create embryos in the
applications create embryos in the
applications create embryos in the laboratory by in-vitro fertilization and
laboratory by in-vitro fertilization and
laboratory by in-vitro fertilization and then test them and decide which ones to
then test them and decide which ones to
then test them and decide which ones to put in you are identifying some of the
put in you are identifying some of the
put in you are identifying some of the disease characteristics in embryos and
disease characteristics in embryos and
disease characteristics in embryos and implanting only those that are free of
implanting only those that are free of
implanting only those that are free of that disease not changing anything just
that disease not changing anything just
that disease not changing anything just identifying what’s there so the limits
identifying what’s there so the limits
identifying what’s there so the limits of our ability to think pass what the
of our ability to think pass what the
of our ability to think pass what the use of that technology could be put to
use of that technology could be put to
use of that technology could be put to the limits of our ingenuity really
the limits of our ingenuity really
the limits of our ingenuity really created a rule of sorts fast forward
created a rule of sorts fast forward
created a rule of sorts fast forward a family in Minnesota by the name of
a family in Minnesota by the name of
a family in Minnesota by the name of Jack and Lisa Nash had a child his name
Jack and Lisa Nash had a child his name
Jack and Lisa Nash had a child his name is Molly Molly is sitting in her parents
is Molly Molly is sitting in her parents
is Molly Molly is sitting in her parents lap there Molly suffers from something
lap there Molly suffers from something
lap there Molly suffers from something called Fanconi anemia passed to her by
called Fanconi anemia passed to her by
called Fanconi anemia passed to her by both of her parents parents are carriers
both of her parents parents are carriers
both of her parents parents are carriers of that disease mutation but they don’t
of that disease mutation but they don’t
of that disease mutation but they don’t have it they both passed on that
have it they both passed on that
have it they both passed on that mutation to their first child Molly and
mutation to their first child Molly and
mutation to their first child Molly and she was born with that disease that
she was born with that disease that
she was born with that disease that disease caused her to have leukemia at
disease caused her to have leukemia at
disease caused her to have leukemia at the age of seven years old you see her
the age of seven years old you see her
the age of seven years old you see her behind me she’s at seven years old
behind me she’s at seven years old
behind me she’s at seven years old sitting at the Mall of America what was
sitting at the Mall of America what was
sitting at the Mall of America what was then called Camp Snoopy now now called I
then called Camp Snoopy now now called I
then called Camp Snoopy now now called I think Sponge Bob Squarepants Park or
think Sponge Bob Squarepants Park or
think Sponge Bob Squarepants Park or something to that effect
they decided to use the technique I
they decided to use the technique I showed you before pre-implantation
showed you before pre-implantation
showed you before pre-implantation genetic diagnosis to identify embryos
genetic diagnosis to identify embryos
genetic diagnosis to identify embryos that didn’t have the same genetic
that didn’t have the same genetic
that didn’t have the same genetic disease as their daughter Molly and they
disease as their daughter Molly and they
disease as their daughter Molly and they did that so that they would implant an
did that so that they would implant an
did that so that they would implant an embryo for their next that would become
embryo for their next that would become
embryo for their next that would become their next child that wouldn’t have that
their next child that wouldn’t have that
their next child that wouldn’t have that disease but they did one more thing this
disease but they did one more thing this
disease but they did one more thing this is where the ingenuity came in they said
is where the ingenuity came in they said
is where the ingenuity came in they said as long as we’re doing that avoiding our
as long as we’re doing that avoiding our
as long as we’re doing that avoiding our next child having this disease let’s
next child having this disease let’s
next child having this disease let’s make sure that that child could also
make sure that that child could also
make sure that that child could also help save our daughter’s life so they
help save our daughter’s life so they
help save our daughter’s life so they did a genetic test on the embryos that
did a genetic test on the embryos that
did a genetic test on the embryos that were negative for that disease to see
were negative for that disease to see
were negative for that disease to see which ones were genetic match to their
which ones were genetic match to their
which ones were genetic match to their daughter Molly
daughter Molly
daughter Molly so the cord blood from that baby could
so the cord blood from that baby could
so the cord blood from that baby could be used to transfuse Molly and cure her
be used to transfuse Molly and cure her
be used to transfuse Molly and cure her of her leukemia so a stem cell
of her leukemia so a stem cell
of her leukemia so a stem cell transplant from the umbilical cord blood
transplant from the umbilical cord blood
transplant from the umbilical cord blood of the baby that was born from that
of the baby that was born from that
of the baby that was born from that technique that baby is sitting in
technique that baby is sitting in
technique that baby is sitting in Molly’s lap and his name I kid you not
Molly’s lap and his name I kid you not
Molly’s lap and his name I kid you not is Adam Adam Nash here’s a picture of
is Adam Adam Nash here’s a picture of
is Adam Adam Nash here’s a picture of Molly and Adam together back home in
Molly and Adam together back home in
Molly and Adam together back home in Denver Colorado where they now live
Denver Colorado where they now live
Denver Colorado where they now live quite happily ever after it’s happened
quite happily ever after it’s happened
quite happily ever after it’s happened in 1999 and 2000 it’s made into a book
in 1999 and 2000 it’s made into a book
in 1999 and 2000 it’s made into a book which many of you I’m sure have read all
which many of you I’m sure have read all
which many of you I’m sure have read all my sister’s keeper a little different
my sister’s keeper a little different
my sister’s keeper a little different outcome in the book if you’ve read it
outcome in the book if you’ve read it
outcome in the book if you’ve read it made into a not-so-great movie
made into a not-so-great movie
made into a not-so-great movie the point is turn into a novel but based
the point is turn into a novel but based
the point is turn into a novel but based on a true account in the book I’ll ruin
on a true account in the book I’ll ruin
on a true account in the book I’ll ruin it for you there are two daughters
it for you there are two daughters
it for you there are two daughters rather than a daughter and a son and the
rather than a daughter and a son and the
rather than a daughter and a son and the the younger daughter becomes a parts
the younger daughter becomes a parts
the younger daughter becomes a parts factory for her older sister not what
factory for her older sister not what
factory for her older sister not what happened in the Nash case but one could
happened in the Nash case but one could
happened in the Nash case but one could see that going forward so never
see that going forward so never
see that going forward so never underestimate human ingenuity and we
underestimate human ingenuity and we
underestimate human ingenuity and we need to make rules so that we allow the
need to make rules so that we allow the
need to make rules so that we allow the good kinds of human ingenuity but not
good kinds of human ingenuity but not
good kinds of human ingenuity but not the ethically questionable applications
making policy so how do we do this there
making policy so how do we do this there are real problems in making policy
are real problems in making policy
are real problems in making policy around cases like this because we have a
around cases like this because we have a
around cases like this because we have a ban in this country
ban in this country
ban in this country on the use of any federal funding any
on the use of any federal funding any
on the use of any federal funding any dollars from us as taxpayers that is
dollars from us as taxpayers that is
dollars from us as taxpayers that is used in research that causes harm or
used in research that causes harm or
used in research that causes harm or destroys a human embryo which seemed
destroys a human embryo which seemed
destroys a human embryo which seemed like a reasonable policy born out of the
like a reasonable policy born out of the
like a reasonable policy born out of the abortion debates of the 1970s and
abortion debates of the 1970s and
abortion debates of the 1970s and avoiding what’s called sometimes the
avoiding what’s called sometimes the
avoiding what’s called sometimes the dirty hands problem I don’t want my
dirty hands problem I don’t want my
dirty hands problem I don’t want my money being used in ways that I deemed
money being used in ways that I deemed
money being used in ways that I deemed to be ethically unacceptable so to avoid
to be ethically unacceptable so to avoid
to be ethically unacceptable so to avoid that problem we just don’t allow
that problem we just don’t allow
that problem we just don’t allow taxpayer dollars to be used in research
taxpayer dollars to be used in research
taxpayer dollars to be used in research like that it’s had an effect of not
like that it’s had an effect of not
like that it’s had an effect of not allowing us to do much research in human
allowing us to do much research in human
allowing us to do much research in human developmental biology so we don’t learn
developmental biology so we don’t learn
developmental biology so we don’t learn things we otherwise might but at the
things we otherwise might but at the
things we otherwise might but at the same time it it doesn’t allow us to
same time it it doesn’t allow us to
same time it it doesn’t allow us to control the science because in this
control the science because in this
control the science because in this country somewhat unusually with research
country somewhat unusually with research
country somewhat unusually with research dollars come research rules and when you
dollars come research rules and when you
dollars come research rules and when you do things with private money you don’t
do things with private money you don’t
do things with private money you don’t have to follow those research rules so
have to follow those research rules so
have to follow those research rules so we have all sorts of challenges when it
we have all sorts of challenges when it
we have all sorts of challenges when it comes to not only how we fund research
comes to not only how we fund research
comes to not only how we fund research but how we fund applications like the
but how we fund applications like the
but how we fund applications like the ones I just mentioned to you
ones I just mentioned to you
ones I just mentioned to you turns out the Nashes had to pay for that
turns out the Nashes had to pay for that
turns out the Nashes had to pay for that all out-of-pocket and that’s because in
all out-of-pocket and that’s because in
all out-of-pocket and that’s because in most states in this country the
most states in this country the
most states in this country the insurance policies don’t cover IVF and
insurance policies don’t cover IVF and
insurance policies don’t cover IVF and they certainly don’t cover it for uses
they certainly don’t cover it for uses
they certainly don’t cover it for uses like the Nash’s put it too and so when
like the Nash’s put it too and so when
like the Nash’s put it too and so when there’s not third-party payer oversight
there’s not third-party payer oversight
there’s not third-party payer oversight they’re not rules made about what’s
they’re not rules made about what’s
they’re not rules made about what’s acceptable and what’s not all of this
acceptable and what’s not all of this
acceptable and what’s not all of this plays into the stem cell research debate
plays into the stem cell research debate
plays into the stem cell research debate we’ve been having and leads us to this
we’ve been having and leads us to this
we’ve been having and leads us to this problem right it’s a kind of perfect
problem right it’s a kind of perfect
problem right it’s a kind of perfect storm we don’t have rules and we’ve got
storm we don’t have rules and we’ve got
storm we don’t have rules and we’ve got strong incentives to do things to get
strong incentives to do things to get
strong incentives to do things to get around whatever rules there might be
around whatever rules there might be
around whatever rules there might be move forward this is very recent science
move forward this is very recent science
move forward this is very recent science it’s a cartoon that will be very hard
it’s a cartoon that will be very hard
it’s a cartoon that will be very hard for you to see the point of it is for
for you to see the point of it is for
for you to see the point of it is for women who have something called
women who have something called
women who have something called mitochondrial DNA disease they pass on
mitochondrial DNA disease they pass on
mitochondrial DNA disease they pass on very severe genetic illness not in the
very severe genetic illness not in the
very severe genetic illness not in the nuclear part of their genome if you
nuclear part of their genome if you
nuclear part of their genome if you think of it as a chicken egg not in the
think of it as a chicken egg not in the
think of it as a chicken egg not in the yellow part in the yolk but turns out
yellow part in the yolk but turns out
yellow part in the yolk but turns out there’s a little bit of DNA in the white
there’s a little bit of DNA in the white
there’s a little bit of DNA in the white part in the cytoplasm
part in the cytoplasm
part in the cytoplasm it’s called mitochondrial DNA
it’s called mitochondrial DNA
it’s called mitochondrial DNA mitochondria make energy for our cell
mitochondria make energy for our cell
mitochondria make energy for our cell and so for women who have mitochondrial
and so for women who have mitochondrial
and so for women who have mitochondrial DNA disease mutations the only kinds of
DNA disease mutations the only kinds of
DNA disease mutations the only kinds of offspring they can have will be kids who
offspring they can have will be kids who
offspring they can have will be kids who have those kind of mitochondrial DNA
have those kind of mitochondrial DNA
have those kind of mitochondrial DNA diseases and so to combat that people
diseases and so to combat that people
diseases and so to combat that people have figured out through again very
have figured out through again very
have figured out through again very fancy manipulation of eggs or embryos
fancy manipulation of eggs or embryos
fancy manipulation of eggs or embryos taking the donor cytoplasm and taking
taking the donor cytoplasm and taking
taking the donor cytoplasm and taking the DNA from the woman who’s got nuclear
the DNA from the woman who’s got nuclear
the DNA from the woman who’s got nuclear DNA the woman who’s got the
DNA the woman who’s got the
DNA the woman who’s got the mitochondrial disease and putting them
mitochondrial disease and putting them
mitochondrial disease and putting them together so DNA from two women
together so DNA from two women
together so DNA from two women effectively nuclear DNA from the woman
effectively nuclear DNA from the woman
effectively nuclear DNA from the woman who wants to be the mother cytoplasmic
who wants to be the mother cytoplasmic
who wants to be the mother cytoplasmic of mitochondrial DNA from the woman
of mitochondrial DNA from the woman
of mitochondrial DNA from the woman who’s a donor putting that together
who’s a donor putting that together
who’s a donor putting that together sperm from the man and you get an embryo
sperm from the man and you get an embryo
sperm from the man and you get an embryo the problem is you’ve also got DNA from
the problem is you’ve also got DNA from
the problem is you’ve also got DNA from two women and one man never before in
two women and one man never before in
two women and one man never before in human history has that been possible and
human history has that been possible and
human history has that been possible and not only are you manipulating changing
not only are you manipulating changing
not only are you manipulating changing the DNA of that offspring but those
the DNA of that offspring but those
the DNA of that offspring but those changes will be inherited by future
changes will be inherited by future
changes will be inherited by future generations we’re making changes in the
generations we’re making changes in the
generations we’re making changes in the germ line which has been a boundary a
germ line which has been a boundary a
germ line which has been a boundary a barrier again posed by technology but
barrier again posed by technology but
barrier again posed by technology but now there is no boundary the FDA in this
now there is no boundary the FDA in this
now there is no boundary the FDA in this country the Food and Drug Administration
country the Food and Drug Administration
country the Food and Drug Administration which oversees controls new drugs
which oversees controls new drugs
which oversees controls new drugs devices biologics has said that they
devices biologics has said that they
devices biologics has said that they were willing to accept proposals for
were willing to accept proposals for
were willing to accept proposals for licensing this technology under very
licensing this technology under very
licensing this technology under very strict rules the Congress prohibited
strict rules the Congress prohibited
strict rules the Congress prohibited that from happening in its last budget
that from happening in its last budget
that from happening in its last budget bill FDA may not receive such license
bill FDA may not receive such license
bill FDA may not receive such license applications because it was deemed to be
applications because it was deemed to be
applications because it was deemed to be creation of an embryo that would have
creation of an embryo that would have
creation of an embryo that would have heritable genetic change germline change
heritable genetic change germline change
heritable genetic change germline change not acceptable so the lesson from this
not acceptable so the lesson from this
not acceptable so the lesson from this as you’ll see in a second is that a
as you’ll see in a second is that a
as you’ll see in a second is that a prohibition like that may seem like a
prohibition like that may seem like a
prohibition like that may seem like a strong rule but in fact is more like no
strong rule but in fact is more like no
strong rule but in fact is more like no rule at all just announced in the last
rule at all just announced in the last
rule at all just announced in the last few weeks baby born in Mexico American
few weeks baby born in Mexico American
few weeks baby born in Mexico American scientists went to Guadalajara to do the
scientists went to Guadalajara to do the
scientists went to Guadalajara to do the technique that I just showed you why
technique that I just showed you why
technique that I just showed you why because as it says on the slide behind
because as it says on the slide behind
because as it says on the slide behind me there are no rules
me there are no rules
me there are no rules in Mexico so we went there to avoid
in Mexico so we went there to avoid
in Mexico so we went there to avoid their prohibition in the United States
their prohibition in the United States
their prohibition in the United States prohibition
prohibition
prohibition pushed people to go abroad you might say
pushed people to go abroad you might say
pushed people to go abroad you might say well that’s not such a big deal there’s
well that’s not such a big deal there’s
well that’s not such a big deal there’s a very few women in the world who have
a very few women in the world who have
a very few women in the world who have mitochondrial DNA disease announced even
mitochondrial DNA disease announced even
mitochondrial DNA disease announced even more recently to women in Kiev use this
more recently to women in Kiev use this
more recently to women in Kiev use this technique not for mitochondrial DNA
technique not for mitochondrial DNA
technique not for mitochondrial DNA disease but because they had advanced
disease but because they had advanced
disease but because they had advanced maternal age couldn’t get pregnant they
maternal age couldn’t get pregnant they
maternal age couldn’t get pregnant they were infertile use this technique to
were infertile use this technique to
were infertile use this technique to boost their ability to have children
boost their ability to have children
boost their ability to have children many many more women in the world might
many many more women in the world might
many many more women in the world might opt for that so prohibitions or bans
opt for that so prohibitions or bans
opt for that so prohibitions or bans sometimes push people to avoid the rules
lastly set of techniques technologies
lastly set of techniques technologies CRISPR Cassadine is one that’s been in
CRISPR Cassadine is one that’s been in
CRISPR Cassadine is one that’s been in the news a lot tail ins is another zinc
the news a lot tail ins is another zinc
the news a lot tail ins is another zinc finger technology these are all tools to
finger technology these are all tools to
finger technology these are all tools to edit our genetic makeup not test for it
edit our genetic makeup not test for it
edit our genetic makeup not test for it but edit it change it editing our
but edit it change it editing our
but edit it change it editing our humanity what makes us human the traits
humanity what makes us human the traits
humanity what makes us human the traits that we carry just announced in the last
that we carry just announced in the last
that we carry just announced in the last few weeks that a researcher at the
few weeks that a researcher at the
few weeks that a researcher at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden used
Karolinska Institute in Sweden used
Karolinska Institute in Sweden used CRISPR one of these techniques to modify
CRISPR one of these techniques to modify
CRISPR one of these techniques to modify human embryos never had been done in a
human embryos never had been done in a
human embryos never had been done in a viable human embryo only have been done
viable human embryo only have been done
viable human embryo only have been done in non viable human embryos up to that
in non viable human embryos up to that
in non viable human embryos up to that point Nature premier journal asked a
point Nature premier journal asked a
point Nature premier journal asked a question about whether it was time for
question about whether it was time for
question about whether it was time for another Asilomar Asilomar is a very
another Asilomar Asilomar is a very
another Asilomar Asilomar is a very famous conference in the world of
famous conference in the world of
famous conference in the world of science policy where the first
science policy where the first
science policy where the first recombinant DNA techniques were
recombinant DNA techniques were
recombinant DNA techniques were discussed in the 1970s and the
discussed in the 1970s and the
discussed in the 1970s and the scientific community said we will not do
scientific community said we will not do
scientific community said we will not do certain things by consensus agreement of
certain things by consensus agreement of
certain things by consensus agreement of the professionals it won’t work
the professionals it won’t work
the professionals it won’t work today in 2016 the scientific community
today in 2016 the scientific community
today in 2016 the scientific community is too diverse too broad and too
is too diverse too broad and too
is too diverse too broad and too democratic bentos a company
democratic bentos a company
democratic bentos a company that offers you portable over the web
that offers you portable over the web
that offers you portable over the web hits to do genetic technology sometimes
hits to do genetic technology sometimes
hits to do genetic technology sometimes called garage science so where are we
called garage science so where are we
called garage science so where are we the new biology as I’ve talked about
the new biology as I’ve talked about
the new biology as I’ve talked about requires new rules it’s time to start
requires new rules it’s time to start
requires new rules it’s time to start making them thanks
making them thanks
making them thanks [Applause]
”
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