hello everyone we hear a lot about nanotechnology it’s become a buzzword in
nanotechnology it’s become a buzzword in
nanotechnology it’s become a buzzword in last few years maybe about 15 years or
last few years maybe about 15 years or
last few years maybe about 15 years or so the question is where is taro
so the question is where is taro
so the question is where is taro technology do we see in our everyday
technology do we see in our everyday
technology do we see in our everyday life do we experience this do we have
life do we experience this do we have
life do we experience this do we have this technology at our disposal the
this technology at our disposal the
this technology at our disposal the answer is yes this is something that has
answer is yes this is something that has
answer is yes this is something that has changed how we do everyday thing
changed how we do everyday thing
changed how we do everyday thing starting from waking up to an alarm
starting from waking up to an alarm
starting from waking up to an alarm clock bang times it’s iPhone where we
clock bang times it’s iPhone where we
clock bang times it’s iPhone where we put like three o’clock three alarms and
put like three o’clock three alarms and
put like three o’clock three alarms and our spouses don’t like it or for storage
our spouses don’t like it or for storage
our spouses don’t like it or for storage they put on those Gong sound on their
they put on those Gong sound on their
they put on those Gong sound on their iPads making our coffee’s switching on
iPads making our coffee’s switching on
iPads making our coffee’s switching on your TV all the way to the time that we
your TV all the way to the time that we
your TV all the way to the time that we go to sleep and we have to check our
go to sleep and we have to check our
go to sleep and we have to check our Facebook feed once again the it’s
Facebook feed once again the it’s
Facebook feed once again the it’s everywhere
everywhere
everywhere and something that has made this to work
and something that has made this to work
and something that has made this to work is it took over about 40 50 years so the
is it took over about 40 50 years so the
is it took over about 40 50 years so the third Industrial Revolution as we call
third Industrial Revolution as we call
third Industrial Revolution as we call it micro electronics or electronics
it micro electronics or electronics
it micro electronics or electronics especially integrated circuits when we
especially integrated circuits when we
especially integrated circuits when we brought all those components resistors
brought all those components resistors
brought all those components resistors capacitors inductors and we put them on
capacitors inductors and we put them on
capacitors inductors and we put them on what we call silicon so silicon based
what we call silicon so silicon based
what we call silicon so silicon based electronics is everywhere we used to
electronics is everywhere we used to
electronics is everywhere we used to have television sets where we had vacuum
have television sets where we had vacuum
have television sets where we had vacuum tube many of millennium kids they have
tube many of millennium kids they have
tube many of millennium kids they have no idea what I just said but older folks
no idea what I just said but older folks
no idea what I just said but older folks would know that we had to return those
would know that we had to return those
would know that we had to return those TV sets on and we had to
TV sets on and we had to
TV sets on and we had to wait for few minutes maybe a couple of
wait for few minutes maybe a couple of
wait for few minutes maybe a couple of minutes before we could see the the
minutes before we could see the the
minutes before we could see the the screen pop up and they’re changed once
screen pop up and they’re changed once
screen pop up and they’re changed once we had electronics in the form of
we had electronics in the form of
we had electronics in the form of solid-state electronics which
solid-state electronics which
solid-state electronics which essentially changed or revolutionized
essentially changed or revolutionized
essentially changed or revolutionized our lives and that has helped us develop
our lives and that has helped us develop
our lives and that has helped us develop systems to allow the mediums where we
systems to allow the mediums where we
systems to allow the mediums where we can control things at nano scale and
can control things at nano scale and
can control things at nano scale and when I say nano scale I literally mean
when I say nano scale I literally mean
when I say nano scale I literally mean at atomic scale now we can control
at atomic scale now we can control
at atomic scale now we can control material we can control material
material we can control material
material we can control material properties we can handle material at
properties we can handle material at
properties we can handle material at nano scale an example is Braille code we
nano scale an example is Braille code we
nano scale an example is Braille code we all know what is Braille code those
all know what is Braille code those
all know what is Braille code those risen dots if you haven’t ever seen a
risen dots if you haven’t ever seen a
risen dots if you haven’t ever seen a Braille code I would say next time when
Braille code I would say next time when
Braille code I would say next time when you are you push button for an elevator
you are you push button for an elevator
you are you push button for an elevator you will see there’ll be dots next to
you will see there’ll be dots next to
you will see there’ll be dots next to that number of the floor that’s
that number of the floor that’s
that number of the floor that’s basically Braille we feel Braille with
basically Braille we feel Braille with
basically Braille we feel Braille with our bare fingers but think if you live
our bare fingers but think if you live
our bare fingers but think if you live in North or in coal areas and we use
in North or in coal areas and we use
in North or in coal areas and we use mittens or gloves if you try to feel
mittens or gloves if you try to feel
mittens or gloves if you try to feel those thoughts we cannot feel it so
those thoughts we cannot feel it so
those thoughts we cannot feel it so essentially the point is that to work at
essentially the point is that to work at
essentially the point is that to work at nano scale we need to have tools and we
nano scale we need to have tools and we
nano scale we need to have tools and we do have means to deal with those things
do have means to deal with those things
do have means to deal with those things at nano scale and now we have those
at nano scale and now we have those
at nano scale and now we have those things which is what has brought
things which is what has brought
things which is what has brought nanotechnology in our everyday life when
nanotechnology in our everyday life when
nanotechnology in our everyday life when I say in every aspect of her life here
I say in every aspect of her life here
I say in every aspect of her life here is an example this looks like people in
is an example this looks like people in
is an example this looks like people in developing countries or in developed
developing countries or in developed
developing countries or in developed world especially this fit this picture
world especially this fit this picture
world especially this fit this picture is from Europe from a friend of mine who
is from Europe from a friend of mine who
is from Europe from a friend of mine who showed at a conference but this is not
showed at a conference but this is not
showed at a conference but this is not so different than any developing country
so different than any developing country
so different than any developing country as well where do we see nanotechnology
as well where do we see nanotechnology
as well where do we see nanotechnology we may not be able to comprehend but
we may not be able to comprehend but
we may not be able to comprehend but essentially
essentially
essentially it is everywhere starting from our cell
it is everywhere starting from our cell
it is everywhere starting from our cell phones our computers the frames of our
phones our computers the frames of our
phones our computers the frames of our of our bikes again older folks would
of our bikes again older folks would
of our bikes again older folks would know the bikes we used to write they
know the bikes we used to write they
know the bikes we used to write they were like a ton heavy but now we have
were like a ton heavy but now we have
were like a ton heavy but now we have those bikes that we can lift just with
those bikes that we can lift just with
those bikes that we can lift just with one hand the frames the material of
one hand the frames the material of
one hand the frames the material of those bikes the tires even cosmetics we
those bikes the tires even cosmetics we
those bikes the tires even cosmetics we have nanoparticles and in Sun blocks it
have nanoparticles and in Sun blocks it
have nanoparticles and in Sun blocks it is already everywhere
is already everywhere
is already everywhere now speaking of this picture and
now speaking of this picture and
now speaking of this picture and thinking about poor areas of the world I
thinking about poor areas of the world I
thinking about poor areas of the world I I remember I landed in Dhaka Bangladesh
I remember I landed in Dhaka Bangladesh
I remember I landed in Dhaka Bangladesh a few years ago my first time and I
a few years ago my first time and I
a few years ago my first time and I could see the cycle rickshaws the the
could see the cycle rickshaws the the
could see the cycle rickshaws the the it’s a it’s a thing where people drive
it’s a it’s a thing where people drive
it’s a it’s a thing where people drive those things and you say that the back
those things and you say that the back
those things and you say that the back they would have to self numbers written
they would have to self numbers written
they would have to self numbers written or they’re on their cycle rickshaws
or they’re on their cycle rickshaws
or they’re on their cycle rickshaws which means they would have to sell
which means they would have to sell
which means they would have to sell phones even the cycle rickshaw so that
phones even the cycle rickshaw so that
phones even the cycle rickshaw so that error technology is everywhere all
error technology is everywhere all
error technology is everywhere all around the world in slums in all
around the world in slums in all
around the world in slums in all segments of our economy what does that
segments of our economy what does that
segments of our economy what does that mean how does that help us if we talk
mean how does that help us if we talk
mean how does that help us if we talk about health care how does that help us
about health care how does that help us
about health care how does that help us if we talk about different aspects of
if we talk about different aspects of
if we talk about different aspects of our body or specifically medicine we can
our body or specifically medicine we can
our body or specifically medicine we can now interface living systems at smaller
now interface living systems at smaller
now interface living systems at smaller scales and and knowing that many of the
scales and and knowing that many of the
scales and and knowing that many of the diseases especially cancer which is the
diseases especially cancer which is the
diseases especially cancer which is the topic today as well has its origin at
topic today as well has its origin at
topic today as well has its origin at genes at mutations so now we have
genes at mutations so now we have
genes at mutations so now we have developed tools or we have developed
developed tools or we have developed
developed tools or we have developed devices nano pores cantilevers we have
devices nano pores cantilevers we have
devices nano pores cantilevers we have nano wires nanotubes quantum dots
nano wires nanotubes quantum dots
nano wires nanotubes quantum dots nanoparticles so many things at that
nanoparticles so many things at that
nanoparticles so many things at that skill which possibly we can interface
skill which possibly we can interface
skill which possibly we can interface the living things at that scale going
the living things at that scale going
the living things at that scale going back to that example of of Braille and
back to that example of of Braille and
back to that example of of Braille and bare fingers now we have tools
bare fingers now we have tools
bare fingers now we have tools that we can do something about it and of
that we can do something about it and of
that we can do something about it and of course at larger scale we have had so
course at larger scale we have had so
course at larger scale we have had so many ways of medical interventions
many ways of medical interventions
many ways of medical interventions medical diagnostics and therapy at an
medical diagnostics and therapy at an
medical diagnostics and therapy at an organ scale at a skeletal scale but now
organ scale at a skeletal scale but now
organ scale at a skeletal scale but now we need to do something about our
we need to do something about our
we need to do something about our diseases which have their known roots at
diseases which have their known roots at
diseases which have their known roots at molecular scale and that’s where the
molecular scale and that’s where the
molecular scale and that’s where the technology what we call narrow
technology what we call narrow
technology what we call narrow technology or micro electronics can help
technology or micro electronics can help
technology or micro electronics can help us and think about it think about the
us and think about it think about the
us and think about it think about the growths or the control that we have
growths or the control that we have
growths or the control that we have seven billion people or so on the face
seven billion people or so on the face
seven billion people or so on the face of this earth
of this earth
of this earth and seven billion components that I be M
and seven billion components that I be M
and seven billion components that I be M made on a computer chip last year which
made on a computer chip last year which
made on a computer chip last year which is 1 centimeter by 1 centimeter so if we
is 1 centimeter by 1 centimeter so if we
is 1 centimeter by 1 centimeter so if we can make 7 billion devices we can really
can make 7 billion devices we can really
can make 7 billion devices we can really interface life at really small scale and
interface life at really small scale and
interface life at really small scale and that is something which should give us
that is something which should give us
that is something which should give us motivation to do something about human
motivation to do something about human
motivation to do something about human mortality very interestingly for last 50
mortality very interestingly for last 50
mortality very interestingly for last 50 60 years probably that’s when we have
60 years probably that’s when we have
60 years probably that’s when we have started gathering data or at least
started gathering data or at least
started gathering data or at least started classifying the causes of death
started classifying the causes of death
started classifying the causes of death human mortality from cancer has not gone
human mortality from cancer has not gone
human mortality from cancer has not gone down think about it we are still dying
down think about it we are still dying
down think about it we are still dying at the same rate
at the same rate
at the same rate although now we have known toxic effects
although now we have known toxic effects
although now we have known toxic effects of so many things we have so many
of so many things we have so many
of so many things we have so many regulations we don’t have leaded gas
regulations we don’t have leaded gas
regulations we don’t have leaded gas again older folks Ford or we used to
again older folks Ford or we used to
again older folks Ford or we used to have all kind of emissions we would be
have all kind of emissions we would be
have all kind of emissions we would be sending out despite all those what we
sending out despite all those what we
sending out despite all those what we call the best the betterment in the
call the best the betterment in the
call the best the betterment in the quality of life we are still dying at
quality of life we are still dying at
quality of life we are still dying at the same rate which essentially should
the same rate which essentially should
the same rate which essentially should motivate us that there is something that
motivate us that there is something that
motivate us that there is something that drastically needs to change and that’s
drastically needs to change and that’s
drastically needs to change and that’s where nanotechnology or control at micro
where nanotechnology or control at micro
where nanotechnology or control at micro and nano scale is is helping us derive
and nano scale is is helping us derive
and nano scale is is helping us derive and come up with new ways and
and come up with new ways and
and come up with new ways and many ways how we can do it there’s many
many ways how we can do it there’s many
many ways how we can do it there’s many ways how it’s been already shown we can
ways how it’s been already shown we can
ways how it’s been already shown we can separate out cells based on their
separate out cells based on their
separate out cells based on their electrical behavior something called dye
electrical behavior something called dye
electrical behavior something called dye electrophoresis we can use magnetic
electrophoresis we can use magnetic
electrophoresis we can use magnetic nanoparticles and coat them with certain
nanoparticles and coat them with certain
nanoparticles and coat them with certain antibodies which would specifically bind
antibodies which would specifically bind
antibodies which would specifically bind to cancer cells and separate them out
to cancer cells and separate them out
to cancer cells and separate them out magnetically we can coat surfaces and
magnetically we can coat surfaces and
magnetically we can coat surfaces and capture tumor cells from a given body
capture tumor cells from a given body
capture tumor cells from a given body fluid which can be blood urine saliva
fluid which can be blood urine saliva
fluid which can be blood urine saliva even human tears which carry those known
even human tears which carry those known
even human tears which carry those known molecules which are indicated of which
molecules which are indicated of which
molecules which are indicated of which are indicative of the of the of the
are indicative of the of the of the
are indicative of the of the of the vertical health or a disease going on we
vertical health or a disease going on we
vertical health or a disease going on we can look at the tumor cells and look at
can look at the tumor cells and look at
can look at the tumor cells and look at their mechanical properties by by
their mechanical properties by by
their mechanical properties by by sucking in a single cell at a time in a
sucking in a single cell at a time in a
sucking in a single cell at a time in a in a format of what we call a capillary
in a format of what we call a capillary
in a format of what we call a capillary capillary electrophoresis so there are
capillary electrophoresis so there are
capillary electrophoresis so there are so many ways how it’s been done and
so many ways how it’s been done and
so many ways how it’s been done and especially after human genome project we
especially after human genome project we
especially after human genome project we know now many of genes and proteins
know now many of genes and proteins
know now many of genes and proteins which are known to be related to cancer
which are known to be related to cancer
which are known to be related to cancer much like we know cholesterol is related
much like we know cholesterol is related
much like we know cholesterol is related to heart disease we know many of the the
to heart disease we know many of the the
to heart disease we know many of the the proteins or molecules which are related
proteins or molecules which are related
proteins or molecules which are related to two cancers we do have some tests
to two cancers we do have some tests
to two cancers we do have some tests vertical screening tests for a few
vertical screening tests for a few
vertical screening tests for a few cancers but there are so many other
cancers but there are so many other
cancers but there are so many other types of cancers which have no screening
types of cancers which have no screening
types of cancers which have no screening tools which have no way of even finding
tools which have no way of even finding
tools which have no way of even finding whether a metastatic potential exists in
whether a metastatic potential exists in
whether a metastatic potential exists in a given tumor or that or not so that’s
a given tumor or that or not so that’s
a given tumor or that or not so that’s where nano scale approaches can help us
where nano scale approaches can help us
where nano scale approaches can help us I’ll give you a couple of examples where
I’ll give you a couple of examples where
I’ll give you a couple of examples where we can capture tumor cells and those
we can capture tumor cells and those
we can capture tumor cells and those aggressive tumor cells show a very
aggressive tumor cells show a very
aggressive tumor cells show a very distinctive dancing behavior or a nano
distinctive dancing behavior or a nano
distinctive dancing behavior or a nano textured device or a narrow texture
textured device or a narrow texture
textured device or a narrow texture substrate which is different than what
substrate which is different than what
substrate which is different than what you would see for a non metastatic tumor
you would see for a non metastatic tumor
you would see for a non metastatic tumor cell or
cell or
cell or just a regular cell from that organ with
just a regular cell from that organ with
just a regular cell from that organ with this is an approach which can help us
this is an approach which can help us
this is an approach which can help us objectively identify whether there are
objectively identify whether there are
objectively identify whether there are tumor cells in a given sample again
tumor cells in a given sample again
tumor cells in a given sample again simple bodily fluids or we can
simple bodily fluids or we can
simple bodily fluids or we can interrogate each individual cell at at
interrogate each individual cell at at
interrogate each individual cell at at any given time much like bouncers in a
any given time much like bouncers in a
any given time much like bouncers in a bar if you guys are young like me and
bar if you guys are young like me and
bar if you guys are young like me and try to get into a club they would ask
try to get into a club they would ask
try to get into a club they would ask for ID I also have some right here but
for ID I also have some right here but
for ID I also have some right here but they would still ask for that and I feel
they would still ask for that and I feel
they would still ask for that and I feel honored they think I’m young guy so
honored they think I’m young guy so
honored they think I’m young guy so think about it a bouncer interrogate
think about it a bouncer interrogate
think about it a bouncer interrogate send checks each individual person
send checks each individual person
send checks each individual person before he or she goes in this is
before he or she goes in this is
before he or she goes in this is something we can implement for for self
something we can implement for for self
something we can implement for for self as well so the idea is if you can create
as well so the idea is if you can create
as well so the idea is if you can create a small orifice micropore in a very thin
a small orifice micropore in a very thin
a small orifice micropore in a very thin membrane a nanoscale membrane 100
membrane a nanoscale membrane 100
membrane a nanoscale membrane 100 nanometer or 200 nano meter 10 and let
nanometer or 200 nano meter 10 and let
nanometer or 200 nano meter 10 and let cells flow through you can measure any
cells flow through you can measure any
cells flow through you can measure any current across their channel and see
current across their channel and see
current across their channel and see when a cell goes through in the form of
when a cell goes through in the form of
when a cell goes through in the form of a dip in the current and that is
a dip in the current and that is
a dip in the current and that is essentially what would turn into pulse
essentially what would turn into pulse
essentially what would turn into pulse which would be a dip in the ionic
which would be a dip in the ionic
which would be a dip in the ionic current and we can use those pulses to
current and we can use those pulses to
current and we can use those pulses to identify those cells based on their
identify those cells based on their
identify those cells based on their mechanical physical and chemical
mechanical physical and chemical
mechanical physical and chemical behavior those single pulses can tell us
behavior those single pulses can tell us
behavior those single pulses can tell us about not just whether a cell is normal
about not just whether a cell is normal
about not just whether a cell is normal but even if that cell is metastatic or
but even if that cell is metastatic or
but even if that cell is metastatic or non-metastatic so this is some data
non-metastatic so this is some data
non-metastatic so this is some data which we have gathered where we can
which we have gathered where we can
which we have gathered where we can identify between those two types of
identify between those two types of
identify between those two types of cells why is there deported think about
cells why is there deported think about
cells why is there deported think about a simple tumor breast cancer we we feel
a simple tumor breast cancer we we feel
a simple tumor breast cancer we we feel or we have been given to perceive that
or we have been given to perceive that
or we have been given to perceive that breast cancer is completely treatable
breast cancer is completely treatable
breast cancer is completely treatable which is not the truth
which is not the truth
which is not the truth majority of breast cancer cancer
majority of breast cancer cancer
majority of breast cancer cancer patients died of recurrence because of
patients died of recurrence because of
patients died of recurrence because of metastasis because there is no easy or
metastasis because there is no easy or
metastasis because there is no easy or direct way to look and differentiate
direct way to look and differentiate
direct way to look and differentiate between indolent cells and metastatic
between indolent cells and metastatic
between indolent cells and metastatic cells so this might be a way where we
cells so this might be a way where we
cells so this might be a way where we can look at a given sample and define
can look at a given sample and define
can look at a given sample and define the strategy to deal with that type of
the strategy to deal with that type of
the strategy to deal with that type of cancer instead of giving same treatment
cancer instead of giving same treatment
cancer instead of giving same treatment to all patients which is essentially our
to all patients which is essentially our
to all patients which is essentially our diagnosis over treatment where we might
diagnosis over treatment where we might
diagnosis over treatment where we might end up giving the same chemotherapy to a
end up giving the same chemotherapy to a
end up giving the same chemotherapy to a patient even though their disease is not
patient even though their disease is not
patient even though their disease is not metastatic in nature but that’s again a
metastatic in nature but that’s again a
metastatic in nature but that’s again a potential of nanotechnology and in
potential of nanotechnology and in
potential of nanotechnology and in differentiating those cells or those
differentiating those cells or those
differentiating those cells or those diseased behaviors at single-cell level
diseased behaviors at single-cell level
diseased behaviors at single-cell level and not just that there’s there other
and not just that there’s there other
and not just that there’s there other unknown questions questions like
unknown questions questions like
unknown questions questions like micrometastases questions where we don’t
micrometastases questions where we don’t
micrometastases questions where we don’t know the subpopulations within a tumor
know the subpopulations within a tumor
know the subpopulations within a tumor where we might have many many different
where we might have many many different
where we might have many many different types of cells of cancerous nature but
types of cells of cancerous nature but
types of cells of cancerous nature but they exist altogether in a given lump
they exist altogether in a given lump
they exist altogether in a given lump but we don’t have a direct way of
but we don’t have a direct way of
but we don’t have a direct way of knowing each one of those if we can
knowing each one of those if we can
knowing each one of those if we can develop technologies further and narrow
develop technologies further and narrow
develop technologies further and narrow down and find and cloud them based on
down and find and cloud them based on
down and find and cloud them based on their behavior we might be able to treat
their behavior we might be able to treat
their behavior we might be able to treat each individual patient based on their
each individual patient based on their
each individual patient based on their signatures which is the concept behind
signatures which is the concept behind
signatures which is the concept behind what we call personal personalized
what we call personal personalized
what we call personal personalized medicine or precision medicine or nano
medicine or precision medicine or nano
medicine or precision medicine or nano medicine these are all buzzwords
medicine these are all buzzwords
medicine these are all buzzwords centered around the theme that
centered around the theme that
centered around the theme that one-size-fit-all kind of therapy is not
one-size-fit-all kind of therapy is not
one-size-fit-all kind of therapy is not the way to go because each individual
the way to go because each individual
the way to go because each individual person would have their own type of
person would have their own type of
person would have their own type of micrometastases their own they may have
micrometastases their own they may have
micrometastases their own they may have stem cells in their in their in their
stem cells in their in their in their
stem cells in their in their in their tumor which needs to be treated
tumor which needs to be treated
tumor which needs to be treated differently so nanotechnologies have
differently so nanotechnologies have
differently so nanotechnologies have this strengths where we can look for the
this strengths where we can look for the
this strengths where we can look for the behaviors of cells at cellular and
behaviors of cells at cellular and
behaviors of cells at cellular and subcellular scales and look for genomic
subcellular scales and look for genomic
subcellular scales and look for genomic and proteomic makeup of those cells
and proteomic makeup of those cells
and proteomic makeup of those cells which would give us a complete picture
which would give us a complete picture
which would give us a complete picture of what lies within the enemy and
of what lies within the enemy and
of what lies within the enemy and knowing the enemy is the first step
knowing the enemy is the first step
knowing the enemy is the first step towards defeating the enemy thank you
towards defeating the enemy thank you
towards defeating the enemy thank you for your attention
for your attention
for your attention [Applause]
”
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