[Applause] buildings instead of being barriers that
buildings instead of being barriers that
buildings instead of being barriers that separate us from nature can buildings
separate us from nature can buildings
separate us from nature can buildings the bridges that connect us with nature
the bridges that connect us with nature
the bridges that connect us with nature can windows walls roofs deepen our
can windows walls roofs deepen our
can windows walls roofs deepen our connections with light air sound today
connections with light air sound today
connections with light air sound today we are all talking about smart cities
we are all talking about smart cities
we are all talking about smart cities cities are complex living organisms made
cities are complex living organisms made
cities are complex living organisms made up of their smallest units your building
up of their smallest units your building
up of their smallest units your building if we want smart cities we need smart
if we want smart cities we need smart
if we want smart cities we need smart and sustainable buildings what do we
and sustainable buildings what do we
and sustainable buildings what do we mean by smart pools perhaps the first
mean by smart pools perhaps the first
mean by smart pools perhaps the first thought that comes to us involves
thought that comes to us involves
thought that comes to us involves gadgets which are electronically driven
gadgets which are electronically driven
gadgets which are electronically driven and internet enabled through fancy
and internet enabled through fancy
and internet enabled through fancy things like operating lights fans
things like operating lights fans
things like operating lights fans curtains air conditioners but is this
curtains air conditioners but is this
curtains air conditioners but is this the width and height of our imagination
the width and height of our imagination
the width and height of our imagination about what smart buildings can be before
about what smart buildings can be before
about what smart buildings can be before we infuse an external intelligence into
we infuse an external intelligence into
we infuse an external intelligence into our buildings can our buildings
our buildings can our buildings
our buildings can our buildings intrinsically being small by themselves
intrinsically being small by themselves
intrinsically being small by themselves be intelligent there are several ways in
be intelligent there are several ways in
be intelligent there are several ways in which they can
which they can
which they can design suitable materials suitable
design suitable materials suitable
design suitable materials suitable techniques for using those materials
techniques for using those materials
techniques for using those materials response to climate resource efficiency
response to climate resource efficiency
response to climate resource efficiency through water waste energy renewable
through water waste energy renewable
through water waste energy renewable sources of energy many sources today let
sources of energy many sources today let
sources of energy many sources today let us see three principles of design for
us see three principles of design for
us see three principles of design for energy efficiency lighting thermal
energy efficiency lighting thermal
energy efficiency lighting thermal comfort and acoustics the first one
comfort and acoustics the first one
comfort and acoustics the first one being lighting the Sun is our source of
being lighting the Sun is our source of
being lighting the Sun is our source of infinite light outdoor lighting level on
infinite light outdoor lighting level on
infinite light outdoor lighting level on a typical day on a clear day is 10,000
a typical day on a clear day is 10,000
a typical day on a clear day is 10,000 Lux and what do we need indoors for most
Lux and what do we need indoors for most
Lux and what do we need indoors for most of our daily activities between 250 and
of our daily activities between 250 and
of our daily activities between 250 and 500 Lux so when we need only a fraction
500 Lux so when we need only a fraction
500 Lux so when we need only a fraction of the outdoor light in those why do we
of the outdoor light in those why do we
of the outdoor light in those why do we switch on lights during the day in most
switch on lights during the day in most
switch on lights during the day in most of our work places in schools colleges
of our work places in schools colleges
of our work places in schools colleges offices banks everywhere why can’t we
offices banks everywhere why can’t we
offices banks everywhere why can’t we simply control the amount of light which
simply control the amount of light which
simply control the amount of light which is already there outside filter it and
is already there outside filter it and
is already there outside filter it and bring in exactly what we need one of the
bring in exactly what we need one of the
bring in exactly what we need one of the most sophisticated gadgets adept at
most sophisticated gadgets adept at
most sophisticated gadgets adept at doing exactly this is the camera where
doing exactly this is the camera where
doing exactly this is the camera where the shutter speed and the aperture form
the shutter speed and the aperture form
the shutter speed and the aperture form the regulating mechanism and even the
the regulating mechanism and even the
the regulating mechanism and even the best camera can only hope to achieve a
best camera can only hope to achieve a
best camera can only hope to achieve a fraction of the sophistication of the
fraction of the sophistication of the
fraction of the sophistication of the human heart with the iris seamlessly
human heart with the iris seamlessly
human heart with the iris seamlessly opening and closing adapting to varying
opening and closing adapting to varying
opening and closing adapting to varying light conditions can we design our
light conditions can we design our
light conditions can we design our building like a camera or even better
building like a camera or even better
building like a camera or even better like is human eye
lattice stonework fitted in Windows
lattice stonework fitted in Windows which not only cuts out the excessive
which not only cuts out the excessive
which not only cuts out the excessive glare but also reduces the intensity we
glare but also reduces the intensity we
glare but also reduces the intensity we have seen this in many places in Gujarat
have seen this in many places in Gujarat
have seen this in many places in Gujarat Rajasthan the mughal architecture of the
Rajasthan the mughal architecture of the
Rajasthan the mughal architecture of the north many hot countries around the
north many hot countries around the
north many hot countries around the world especially in the Middle East in
world especially in the Middle East in
world especially in the Middle East in buildings it is the quality of light
buildings it is the quality of light
buildings it is the quality of light which is far more important than the
which is far more important than the
which is far more important than the quantity and what the quality of light
quantity and what the quality of light
quantity and what the quality of light this generates a more modern example
this generates a more modern example
this generates a more modern example this is a building in Paris the Arab
this is a building in Paris the Arab
this is a building in Paris the Arab world Institute designed by architect
world Institute designed by architect
world Institute designed by architect Jean Noel where he has designed the
Jean Noel where he has designed the
Jean Noel where he has designed the entire southern facade literally like
entire southern facade literally like
entire southern facade literally like giant camera of purchase which regulate
giant camera of purchase which regulate
giant camera of purchase which regulate the light depending upon the intensity
the light depending upon the intensity
the light depending upon the intensity outside and the requirement inside use
outside and the requirement inside use
outside and the requirement inside use of daylight in buildings has been proven
of daylight in buildings has been proven
of daylight in buildings has been proven to have tremendous health benefits both
to have tremendous health benefits both
to have tremendous health benefits both physical and psychological the Sun is
physical and psychological the Sun is
physical and psychological the Sun is the giver of light and if we know how to
the giver of light and if we know how to
the giver of light and if we know how to bring Sun in the building in a
bring Sun in the building in a
bring Sun in the building in a qualitative way we can enrich light
qualitative way we can enrich light
qualitative way we can enrich light within the building and nourishing the
within the building and nourishing the
within the building and nourishing the second aspect is thermal comfort
second aspect is thermal comfort
second aspect is thermal comfort buildings like our clothing are
buildings like our clothing are
buildings like our clothing are extensions of our skin can we wear the
extensions of our skin can we wear the
extensions of our skin can we wear the same type of clothing in a beach in a
same type of clothing in a beach in a
same type of clothing in a beach in a desert or in the snowy mountains if not
desert or in the snowy mountains if not
desert or in the snowy mountains if not how can we have the same type of
how can we have the same type of
how can we have the same type of buildings in Mumbai Jaipur or a hill
buildings in Mumbai Jaipur or a hill
buildings in Mumbai Jaipur or a hill station common sense address that
station common sense address that
station common sense address that buildings should be designed as for the
buildings should be designed as for the
buildings should be designed as for the climate that those in cold climates
climate that those in cold climates
climate that those in cold climates should keep us warm
should keep us warm
should keep us warm and the buildings in hot climates should
and the buildings in hot climates should
and the buildings in hot climates should keep us cool in Northern Europe where
keep us cool in Northern Europe where
keep us cool in Northern Europe where winter temperatures are very very low
winter temperatures are very very low
winter temperatures are very very low they need as much of the Sun within the
they need as much of the Sun within the
they need as much of the Sun within the buildings as possible and we know that
buildings as possible and we know that
buildings as possible and we know that glass traps heat when we enter of car
glass traps heat when we enter of car
glass traps heat when we enter of car that has been parked in the Sun for too
that has been parked in the Sun for too
that has been parked in the Sun for too long hence they wrap their buildings
long hence they wrap their buildings
long hence they wrap their buildings around with glass in order to retain the
around with glass in order to retain the
around with glass in order to retain the heat inside but what are these blind
heat inside but what are these blind
heat inside but what are these blind imitations of glass boxes
imitations of glass boxes
imitations of glass boxes doing in a tropical country like India
doing in a tropical country like India
doing in a tropical country like India where average summer temperatures in
where average summer temperatures in
where average summer temperatures in most cities are about 30 degree Celsius
most cities are about 30 degree Celsius
most cities are about 30 degree Celsius I am to be converting our buildings into
I am to be converting our buildings into
I am to be converting our buildings into ovens only to be retrofitted with air
ovens only to be retrofitted with air
ovens only to be retrofitted with air conditioners in order to reconvert them
conditioners in order to reconvert them
conditioners in order to reconvert them into refrigerators before we pop mark
into refrigerators before we pop mark
into refrigerators before we pop mark our buildings with air conditioners let
our buildings with air conditioners let
our buildings with air conditioners let us think why can’t our buildings
us think why can’t our buildings
us think why can’t our buildings themselves behave like air conditioners
themselves behave like air conditioners
themselves behave like air conditioners or even better breathe like the human
or even better breathe like the human
or even better breathe like the human skin which regulates temperature and
skin which regulates temperature and
skin which regulates temperature and controls humidity
controls humidity
controls humidity all of us know this building buildings
all of us know this building buildings
all of us know this building buildings like the Taj are remarkably cooler in
like the Taj are remarkably cooler in
like the Taj are remarkably cooler in spite of being in hot areas and one of
spite of being in hot areas and one of
spite of being in hot areas and one of the reasons is the presence of large
the reasons is the presence of large
the reasons is the presence of large water bodies either within the campus or
water bodies either within the campus or
water bodies either within the campus or beside water not only cools the air but
beside water not only cools the air but
beside water not only cools the air but also cools the building because it can
also cools the building because it can
also cools the building because it can hold twice the amount of heat as the
hold twice the amount of heat as the
hold twice the amount of heat as the same volume of stone drop a hot stone in
same volume of stone drop a hot stone in
same volume of stone drop a hot stone in water when you pick it up again after a
water when you pick it up again after a
water when you pick it up again after a few hours it is much cooler
few hours it is much cooler
few hours it is much cooler why because water has sucked heat out of
why because water has sucked heat out of
why because water has sucked heat out of the storm similarly over here you’re
the storm similarly over here you’re
the storm similarly over here you’re draining the heat out of the building
draining the heat out of the building
draining the heat out of the building through the medium of water rather than
through the medium of water rather than
through the medium of water rather than pumping heat out of the building through
pumping heat out of the building through
pumping heat out of the building through the medium of air which is what an air
the medium of air which is what an air
the medium of air which is what an air conditioners a more modern example this
conditioners a more modern example this
conditioners a more modern example this is a residential building in Pondicherry
is a residential building in Pondicherry
is a residential building in Pondicherry designed as a guest house for the sri
designed as a guest house for the sri
designed as a guest house for the sri aurobindo ashram by dragged by
aurobindo ashram by dragged by
aurobindo ashram by dragged by architects from japan it’s called cold
architects from japan it’s called cold
architects from japan it’s called cold work now in Pondicherry we have three
work now in Pondicherry we have three
work now in Pondicherry we have three climates hot water and hottest where do
climates hot water and hottest where do
climates hot water and hottest where do you begin how do you minimize heat gain
you begin how do you minimize heat gain
you begin how do you minimize heat gain and maximize ventilation in such a
and maximize ventilation in such a
and maximize ventilation in such a climate orientation the Sun moves from
climate orientation the Sun moves from
climate orientation the Sun moves from east to west so here the longer sides of
east to west so here the longer sides of
east to west so here the longer sides of the building face north and south in
the building face north and south in
the building face north and south in order to cut across the path of the Sun
order to cut across the path of the Sun
order to cut across the path of the Sun secondly the breeze they have tilted the
secondly the breeze they have tilted the
secondly the breeze they have tilted the longer sides in order to be exactly
longer sides in order to be exactly
longer sides in order to be exactly perpendicular to the breeze both land
perpendicular to the breeze both land
perpendicular to the breeze both land breeze and the sea breeze and those very
breeze and the sea breeze and those very
breeze and the sea breeze and those very facades have been opened up from floor
facades have been opened up from floor
facades have been opened up from floor to ceiling through movable lures so
to ceiling through movable lures so
to ceiling through movable lures so depending upon the time of the day the
depending upon the time of the day the
depending upon the time of the day the location of the Sun and the direction of
location of the Sun and the direction of
location of the Sun and the direction of the incoming breeze the entire building
the incoming breeze the entire building
the incoming breeze the entire building so to say opens up almost like a flower
so to say opens up almost like a flower
so to say opens up almost like a flower in order to allow the breeze to come
in order to allow the breeze to come
in order to allow the breeze to come materials instead of using cement which
materials instead of using cement which
materials instead of using cement which weakens with time this building for all
weakens with time this building for all
weakens with time this building for all internal plasters uses lime which
internal plasters uses lime which
internal plasters uses lime which strengthens with time to become
strengthens with time to become
strengthens with time to become limestone hydrated lime which is
limestone hydrated lime which is
limestone hydrated lime which is calcium hydroxide absorbs the
calcium hydroxide absorbs the
calcium hydroxide absorbs the atmospheric carbon dioxide to become
atmospheric carbon dioxide to become
atmospheric carbon dioxide to become limestone calcium carbonate and releases
limestone calcium carbonate and releases
limestone calcium carbonate and releases moisture in effect this building acts
moisture in effect this building acts
moisture in effect this building acts like a tree which absorbs carbon dioxide
like a tree which absorbs carbon dioxide
like a tree which absorbs carbon dioxide and releases moisture and much like a
and releases moisture and much like a
and releases moisture and much like a moisture on our human skin it evaporates
moisture on our human skin it evaporates
moisture on our human skin it evaporates and causes the skin of the building to
and causes the skin of the building to
and causes the skin of the building to cool down breathing goals these are
cool down breathing goals these are
cool down breathing goals these are about bridges to the air
acoustics in the words of German
acoustics in the words of German philosopher Goethe architecture is
philosopher Goethe architecture is
philosopher Goethe architecture is frozen music and music is fluid
frozen music and music is fluid
frozen music and music is fluid architecture can architecture give us
architecture can architecture give us
architecture can architecture give us the needed environment which can enhance
the needed environment which can enhance
the needed environment which can enhance the quality of human conversations by
the quality of human conversations by
the quality of human conversations by listening deeply here is an example of a
listening deeply here is an example of a
listening deeply here is an example of a Greek theater from 400 BC designed for
Greek theater from 400 BC designed for
Greek theater from 400 BC designed for 14,000 people in the audience a handful
14,000 people in the audience a handful
14,000 people in the audience a handful of actors on stage
of actors on stage
of actors on stage needless to say there were no
needless to say there were no
needless to say there were no microphones amplifiers or speakers at
microphones amplifiers or speakers at
microphones amplifiers or speakers at the time and yet every member in the
the time and yet every member in the
the time and yet every member in the audience was able to listen to the
audience was able to listen to the
audience was able to listen to the actors and follow the play today can we
actors and follow the play today can we
actors and follow the play today can we imagine a gathering even of 300 people
imagine a gathering even of 300 people
imagine a gathering even of 300 people in a building being able to listen to
in a building being able to listen to
in a building being able to listen to you without a microphone
design of musical instruments can offer
design of musical instruments can offer us fantastic guidelines for acoustic
us fantastic guidelines for acoustic
us fantastic guidelines for acoustic design of spaces an example of a hollow
design of spaces an example of a hollow
design of spaces an example of a hollow space carrying sound of flute and
space carrying sound of flute and
space carrying sound of flute and perhaps the best urban for receiving
perhaps the best urban for receiving
perhaps the best urban for receiving sound the human ear canal can we design
sound the human ear canal can we design
sound the human ear canal can we design our building like a flute or even better
our building like a flute or even better
our building like a flute or even better like the human ear finale
this is an institutional building that I
this is an institutional building that I designed as part of a team for a rural
designed as part of a team for a rural
designed as part of a team for a rural development program in Pondicherry in
development program in Pondicherry in
development program in Pondicherry in south of the earth over here
south of the earth over here
south of the earth over here we designed the multi-purpose wall to
we designed the multi-purpose wall to
we designed the multi-purpose wall to house 300 people we were running on a
house 300 people we were running on a
house 300 people we were running on a shoestring budget supply of electricity
shoestring budget supply of electricity
shoestring budget supply of electricity was erratic and I knew that we could not
was erratic and I knew that we could not
was erratic and I knew that we could not use microphones so what do we do we
use microphones so what do we do we
use microphones so what do we do we designed the building in such a way that
designed the building in such a way that
designed the building in such a way that you don’t need microphones firstly the
you don’t need microphones firstly the
you don’t need microphones firstly the roof instead of building a flat roof I
roof instead of building a flat roof I
roof instead of building a flat roof I designed an arch with the center of the
designed an arch with the center of the
designed an arch with the center of the radius falling within the human hearing
radius falling within the human hearing
radius falling within the human hearing zone so the sound reflects and comes
zone so the sound reflects and comes
zone so the sound reflects and comes back to where the people are sitting
back to where the people are sitting
back to where the people are sitting which is where it is needed secondly
which is where it is needed secondly
which is where it is needed secondly materials the entire building from
materials the entire building from
materials the entire building from foundation to roof has been built with
foundation to roof has been built with
foundation to roof has been built with unfired earth from the water pond on the
unfired earth from the water pond on the
unfired earth from the water pond on the building site itself so we took the
building site itself so we took the
building site itself so we took the earth from this pond made bricks with
earth from this pond made bricks with
earth from this pond made bricks with them these bricks are not fired and made
them these bricks are not fired and made
them these bricks are not fired and made the entire building out of these unfired
the entire building out of these unfired
the entire building out of these unfired bricks
bricks
bricks unfired earth responds to sound in a
unfired earth responds to sound in a
unfired earth responds to sound in a very comfortable a very soothing manner
very comfortable a very soothing manner
very comfortable a very soothing manner as opposed to highly polished surfaces
as opposed to highly polished surfaces
as opposed to highly polished surfaces when the roof was ready you could have a
when the roof was ready you could have a
when the roof was ready you could have a person at one end talking to a large
person at one end talking to a large
person at one end talking to a large audience and even a person standing at
audience and even a person standing at
audience and even a person standing at the other end of this huge roof was able
the other end of this huge roof was able
the other end of this huge roof was able to hear him perfectly listening groups
to hear him perfectly listening groups
to hear him perfectly listening groups these are our bridges to south
these are our bridges to south
these are our bridges to south violinist and concert master of the
violinist and concert master of the
violinist and concert master of the Titanic track Paul Peabody heard about
Titanic track Paul Peabody heard about
Titanic track Paul Peabody heard about this building and the next time he was
this building and the next time he was
this building and the next time he was in India in fact he was in Varanasi he
in India in fact he was in Varanasi he
in India in fact he was in Varanasi he flew down especially to understand the
flew down especially to understand the
flew down especially to understand the acoustic quality of this space to
acoustic quality of this space to
acoustic quality of this space to experience it as well as to perform his
experience it as well as to perform his
experience it as well as to perform his violin underneath it
violin underneath it
violin underneath it after the performance he told me the
after the performance he told me the
after the performance he told me the earth below me has become the sky above
earth below me has become the sky above
earth below me has become the sky above me when I was playing when I was slain
me when I was playing when I was slain
me when I was playing when I was slain the earth
the earth
the earth [Music]
[Music]
[Music] next time you enter a building ask
next time you enter a building ask
next time you enter a building ask yourself is this building intelligent
yourself is this building intelligent
yourself is this building intelligent the idea is not to go back to the past
the idea is not to go back to the past
the idea is not to go back to the past but to draw from the hundreds of years
but to draw from the hundreds of years
but to draw from the hundreds of years of research and wisdom and apply it in a
of research and wisdom and apply it in a
of research and wisdom and apply it in a modern context in a cutting-edge manner
modern context in a cutting-edge manner
modern context in a cutting-edge manner one may ask if this knowledge already
one may ask if this knowledge already
one may ask if this knowledge already exists why isn’t it being applied why do
exists why isn’t it being applied why do
exists why isn’t it being applied why do most of our buildings today look dull
most of our buildings today look dull
most of our buildings today look dull repetitive
repetitive
repetitive insensitive in the words of Winston
insensitive in the words of Winston
insensitive in the words of Winston Churchill first we create our buildings
Churchill first we create our buildings
Churchill first we create our buildings then our buildings create 80% of our
then our buildings create 80% of our
then our buildings create 80% of our lives we spend inside buildings and yet
lives we spend inside buildings and yet
lives we spend inside buildings and yet why is there such little artistic or
why is there such little artistic or
why is there such little artistic or scientific excellence in them the answer
scientific excellence in them the answer
scientific excellence in them the answer could be from three different viewpoints
could be from three different viewpoints
could be from three different viewpoints one the user lack of awareness on the
one the user lack of awareness on the
one the user lack of awareness on the part of the user about what is possible
part of the user about what is possible
part of the user about what is possible that a building doesn’t have to be a
that a building doesn’t have to be a
that a building doesn’t have to be a square foot box also lack of sensitivity
square foot box also lack of sensitivity
square foot box also lack of sensitivity on the part of the user with respect to
on the part of the user with respect to
on the part of the user with respect to the built environment in general if the
the built environment in general if the
the built environment in general if the user does not demand quality the
user does not demand quality the
user does not demand quality the supplier has very little obligation to
supplier has very little obligation to
supplier has very little obligation to provide it next the developers viewpoint
provide it next the developers viewpoint
provide it next the developers viewpoint the construction industry today is more
the construction industry today is more
the construction industry today is more about selling square feet than creating
about selling square feet than creating
about selling square feet than creating homes and hence most real estate
homes and hence most real estate
homes and hence most real estate buildings do not even qualify are not
buildings do not even qualify are not
buildings do not even qualify are not even considered as part of architecture
even considered as part of architecture
even considered as part of architecture it is much easier to use standardised
it is much easier to use standardised
it is much easier to use standardised materials like cement and steel instead
materials like cement and steel instead
materials like cement and steel instead of natural materials like earth and line
of natural materials like earth and line
of natural materials like earth and line which though more cost-effective require
which though more cost-effective require
which though more cost-effective require greater skill and knowledge in its usage
greater skill and knowledge in its usage
greater skill and knowledge in its usage and hence what we see mostly around is
and hence what we see mostly around is
and hence what we see mostly around is largely cosmetic where ordinary
largely cosmetic where ordinary
largely cosmetic where ordinary buildings are clad with expensive
buildings are clad with expensive
buildings are clad with expensive materials and a misguided notion of love
materials and a misguided notion of love
materials and a misguided notion of love jury as the aim of building is being
jury as the aim of building is being
jury as the aim of building is being faithful and thirdly the building
faithful and thirdly the building
faithful and thirdly the building regulations they look at buildings and
regulations they look at buildings and
regulations they look at buildings and cities from a linear top-down standpoint
cities from a linear top-down standpoint
cities from a linear top-down standpoint rather than recognizing them as parts of
rather than recognizing them as parts of
rather than recognizing them as parts of the larger cyclically loops of nature in
the larger cyclically loops of nature in
the larger cyclically loops of nature in the middle of all this there is a small
the middle of all this there is a small
the middle of all this there is a small but assure change
but assure change
but assure change we call it the sustainability revolution
we call it the sustainability revolution
we call it the sustainability revolution not the green eyewash but a genuine
not the green eyewash but a genuine
not the green eyewash but a genuine systemic thinking and approach towards
systemic thinking and approach towards
systemic thinking and approach towards holistic design and it is this approach
holistic design and it is this approach
holistic design and it is this approach which is teaching us new away centenary
which is teaching us new away centenary
which is teaching us new away centenary of making our objects our buildings our
of making our objects our buildings our
of making our objects our buildings our cities smarter more sustainable more
cities smarter more sustainable more
cities smarter more sustainable more meaningful with tremendous economic
meaningful with tremendous economic
meaningful with tremendous economic environmental and health benefits social
environmental and health benefits social
environmental and health benefits social benefits as well
benefits as well
benefits as well we are standing at the brink of perhaps
we are standing at the brink of perhaps
we are standing at the brink of perhaps one of the most exciting periods of
one of the most exciting periods of
one of the most exciting periods of human history and innovation I believe
human history and innovation I believe
human history and innovation I believe we have a beautiful future ahead the
we have a beautiful future ahead the
we have a beautiful future ahead the question we need to ask ourselves today
question we need to ask ourselves today
question we need to ask ourselves today is is the future going to be beautiful
is is the future going to be beautiful
is is the future going to be beautiful because of me or in spite
”
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