this is my father Joe Saul in about 1966 at that time he was the chief of
at that time he was the chief of
at that time he was the chief of orthopedic surgery at the Brooklyn
orthopedic surgery at the Brooklyn
orthopedic surgery at the Brooklyn Jewish Hospital in New York and there
Jewish Hospital in New York and there
Jewish Hospital in New York and there was nothing he liked more than taking
was nothing he liked more than taking
was nothing he liked more than taking care of patients he would wake up early
care of patients he would wake up early
care of patients he would wake up early in the morning at 5:00 a.m. to review
in the morning at 5:00 a.m. to review
in the morning at 5:00 a.m. to review their charts he would stay late in the
their charts he would stay late in the
their charts he would stay late in the evenings at the office and he’d go in
evenings at the office and he’d go in
evenings at the office and he’d go in nights and weekends to deal with
nights and weekends to deal with
nights and weekends to deal with emergencies but then one day he started
emergencies but then one day he started
emergencies but then one day he started having having trouble communicating he
having having trouble communicating he
having having trouble communicating he lost track of small things like house
lost track of small things like house
lost track of small things like house keys his speech came out jumbled and the
keys his speech came out jumbled and the
keys his speech came out jumbled and the spark in his eyes began to dim in the
spark in his eyes began to dim in the
spark in his eyes began to dim in the course of a few short years this once
course of a few short years this once
course of a few short years this once brilliant surgeon who saved people’s
brilliant surgeon who saved people’s
brilliant surgeon who saved people’s lives could not even recognize us his
lives could not even recognize us his
lives could not even recognize us his family his children his grandchildren
family his children his grandchildren
family his children his grandchildren not to say take care of patients he was
not to say take care of patients he was
not to say take care of patients he was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s and the
diagnosed with Alzheimer’s and the
diagnosed with Alzheimer’s and the father right knew was no longer here on
father right knew was no longer here on
father right knew was no longer here on this earth his body was here strangely
this earth his body was here strangely
this earth his body was here strangely inhabited by some being who knew me not
inhabited by some being who knew me not
inhabited by some being who knew me not now let me ask you by show of hands how
now let me ask you by show of hands how
now let me ask you by show of hands how many of you know someone who have a
many of you know someone who have a
many of you know someone who have a family member who suffered from
family member who suffered from
family member who suffered from Alzheimer’s dementia Parkinson’s and on
Alzheimer’s dementia Parkinson’s and on
Alzheimer’s dementia Parkinson’s and on yes
yes
yes almost everyone not surprisingly because
almost everyone not surprisingly because
almost everyone not surprisingly because each year millions are people millions
each year millions are people millions
each year millions are people millions of people are diagnosed with these
of people are diagnosed with these
of people are diagnosed with these terrible neurological diseases of Aging
but surprisingly after decades of failed
but surprisingly after decades of failed studies and research that attempts to
studies and research that attempts to
studies and research that attempts to stop and halt the progression of these
stop and halt the progression of these
stop and halt the progression of these diseases there is hope after animal
diseases there is hope after animal
diseases there is hope after animal studies and human clinical trials which
studies and human clinical trials which
studies and human clinical trials which have shown the promise of being able to
have shown the promise of being able to
have shown the promise of being able to slow down even restore health from these
slow down even restore health from these
slow down even restore health from these diseases today I’m here to give you a
diseases today I’m here to give you a
diseases today I’m here to give you a glimpse of a breakthrough now before I
glimpse of a breakthrough now before I
glimpse of a breakthrough now before I do that we need to spend a little time
do that we need to spend a little time
do that we need to spend a little time and understand a bit more of what’s in
and understand a bit more of what’s in
and understand a bit more of what’s in common with these diseases in your body
common with these diseases in your body
common with these diseases in your body the human body is an unbelievably
the human body is an unbelievably
the human body is an unbelievably wonderful system every day we take in
wonderful system every day we take in
wonderful system every day we take in oxygen the food we eat is converted into
oxygen the food we eat is converted into
oxygen the food we eat is converted into the energy that powers our brains our
the energy that powers our brains our
the energy that powers our brains our eyes our hearts our muscles if something
eyes our hearts our muscles if something
eyes our hearts our muscles if something gets damaged a broken bone a skinned
gets damaged a broken bone a skinned
gets damaged a broken bone a skinned knee the body quickly repairs and heals
knee the body quickly repairs and heals
knee the body quickly repairs and heals the damage the system is way more
the damage the system is way more
the damage the system is way more amazing and complex the most wonderful
amazing and complex the most wonderful
amazing and complex the most wonderful bit of technology to come out of Silicon
bit of technology to come out of Silicon
bit of technology to come out of Silicon Valley now how does this happen your
Valley now how does this happen your
Valley now how does this happen your cells your body is made up of billions
cells your body is made up of billions
cells your body is made up of billions trillions of cells that make this
trillions of cells that make this
trillions of cells that make this possible and for today I want you to
possible and for today I want you to
possible and for today I want you to think of each of these cells as a tiny
think of each of these cells as a tiny
think of each of these cells as a tiny City a well-run organized city that
City a well-run organized city that
City a well-run organized city that makes power and energy builds buildings
makes power and energy builds buildings
makes power and energy builds buildings repairs roads collects the waste and so
repairs roads collects the waste and so
repairs roads collects the waste and so on and inside of each of these tiny
on and inside of each of these tiny
on and inside of each of these tiny cities there’s a little factory
cities there’s a little factory
cities there’s a little factory and that Factory is where the oxygen you
and that Factory is where the oxygen you
and that Factory is where the oxygen you breathe and the food you eat is actually
breathe and the food you eat is actually
breathe and the food you eat is actually converted into energy and those
converted into energy and those
converted into energy and those factories are called mitochondria
factories are called mitochondria
factories are called mitochondria mitochondria are the most incredibly
mitochondria are the most incredibly
mitochondria are the most incredibly complex systems you can imagine they’re
complex systems you can imagine they’re
complex systems you can imagine they’re just beautifully designed they’re
just beautifully designed they’re
just beautifully designed they’re incredibly efficient I sort of think of
incredibly efficient I sort of think of
incredibly efficient I sort of think of them like maybe the Tesla Model S of the
them like maybe the Tesla Model S of the
them like maybe the Tesla Model S of the body but like any great product design
body but like any great product design
body but like any great product design they come along with a few bugs and the
they come along with a few bugs and the
they come along with a few bugs and the first one is that these incredibly
first one is that these incredibly
first one is that these incredibly efficient machines process 98% of the
efficient machines process 98% of the
efficient machines process 98% of the oxygen you breathe is converted into
oxygen you breathe is converted into
oxygen you breathe is converted into energy
energy
energy 98% however the other 2% leaks out and
98% however the other 2% leaks out and
98% however the other 2% leaks out and causes what we refer to as oxidative
causes what we refer to as oxidative
causes what we refer to as oxidative damage or oxidative stress and what is
damage or oxidative stress and what is
damage or oxidative stress and what is the oxidative stress is also generated
the oxidative stress is also generated
the oxidative stress is also generated by toxins and pollutants in the
by toxins and pollutants in the
by toxins and pollutants in the environment it’s actually like a fire
environment it’s actually like a fire
environment it’s actually like a fire burning inside your cells and if this
burning inside your cells and if this
burning inside your cells and if this fire burns out of control it can cause
fire burns out of control it can cause
fire burns out of control it can cause huge damage to your body’s precious
huge damage to your body’s precious
huge damage to your body’s precious resources now there’s a second bug while
resources now there’s a second bug while
resources now there’s a second bug while the inside of these tiny little
the inside of these tiny little
the inside of these tiny little factories is very well designed the
factories is very well designed the
factories is very well designed the walls of these factories are not made of
walls of these factories are not made of
walls of these factories are not made of strong steel some other material that
strong steel some other material that
strong steel some other material that resists damage unfortunately they’re
resists damage unfortunately they’re
resists damage unfortunately they’re made of a very delicate material which
made of a very delicate material which
made of a very delicate material which is sort of like wood and you might know
is sort of like wood and you might know
is sort of like wood and you might know that wood is probably the last thing you
that wood is probably the last thing you
that wood is probably the last thing you want to have near these fires that are
want to have near these fires that are
want to have near these fires that are burning not a great plan
burning not a great plan
burning not a great plan but actually the body knows how to take
but actually the body knows how to take
but actually the body knows how to take care of that in this case we have what
care of that in this case we have what
care of that in this case we have what are called antioxidants and the
are called antioxidants and the
are called antioxidants and the antioxidants are like the water that
antioxidants are like the water that
antioxidants are like the water that puts out the fire and where do we get
puts out the fire and where do we get
puts out the fire and where do we get antioxidants from they’re part of our
antioxidants from they’re part of our
antioxidants from they’re part of our diet we eat things like berries dark
diet we eat things like berries dark
diet we eat things like berries dark leafy vegetables and those become the
leafy vegetables and those become the
leafy vegetables and those become the antioxidants that fight the fires in our
antioxidants that fight the fires in our
antioxidants that fight the fires in our factories with the tiny wooden walls and
factories with the tiny wooden walls and
factories with the tiny wooden walls and after the fires raged we have to rebuild
after the fires raged we have to rebuild
after the fires raged we have to rebuild the wall so we take in in our diet what
the wall so we take in in our diet what
the wall so we take in in our diet what are called omega-3 and omega-6 fatty
are called omega-3 and omega-6 fatty
are called omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids we get omega-3 from primarily from
acids we get omega-3 from primarily from
acids we get omega-3 from primarily from fish we get omega-6 from corn oil and
fish we get omega-6 from corn oil and
fish we get omega-6 from corn oil and other oil products and those oils end up
other oil products and those oils end up
other oil products and those oils end up repairing the membranes of our little
repairing the membranes of our little
repairing the membranes of our little factors so they all becomes the membrane
factors so they all becomes the membrane
factors so they all becomes the membrane and whenever there is damage it’s
and whenever there is damage it’s
and whenever there is damage it’s replaced by what we’ll think of as nice
replaced by what we’ll think of as nice
replaced by what we’ll think of as nice freshly cut wood and this process of
freshly cut wood and this process of
freshly cut wood and this process of destruction and reconstruction goes on
destruction and reconstruction goes on
destruction and reconstruction goes on day in and day out so here’s a little
day in and day out so here’s a little
day in and day out so here’s a little model that’s showing you what happens in
model that’s showing you what happens in
model that’s showing you what happens in the normal course and the oxidative
the normal course and the oxidative
the normal course and the oxidative damage happens it proceeds it burns up
damage happens it proceeds it burns up
damage happens it proceeds it burns up you see the number on the bottom is the
you see the number on the bottom is the
you see the number on the bottom is the number of lipid molecules the oil in
number of lipid molecules the oil in
number of lipid molecules the oil in your membrane that’s destroyed and it’s
your membrane that’s destroyed and it’s
your membrane that’s destroyed and it’s kept under control by the little green
kept under control by the little green
kept under control by the little green dots those are the antioxidants I talked
dots those are the antioxidants I talked
dots those are the antioxidants I talked about which stop the burning fires so
about which stop the burning fires so
about which stop the burning fires so when we’re young and when we’re healthy
when we’re young and when we’re healthy
when we’re young and when we’re healthy we can keep this very delicate balance
we can keep this very delicate balance
we can keep this very delicate balance between the damage that occurs
between the damage that occurs
between the damage that occurs li from that two percent of the oxygen
li from that two percent of the oxygen
li from that two percent of the oxygen that we don’t consume and the ability of
that we don’t consume and the ability of
that we don’t consume and the ability of our bodies to repair it by using new
our bodies to repair it by using new
our bodies to repair it by using new wood but as we get older we can no
wood but as we get older we can no
wood but as we get older we can no longer keep those two mechanisms and
longer keep those two mechanisms and
longer keep those two mechanisms and balance the fires rage the antioxidants
balance the fires rage the antioxidants
balance the fires rage the antioxidants are not sufficient and in fact our
are not sufficient and in fact our
are not sufficient and in fact our factories shut down and if enough
factories shut down and if enough
factories shut down and if enough factories shut down the entire city will
factories shut down the entire city will
factories shut down the entire city will shut down and once the city shuts down
shut down and once the city shuts down
shut down and once the city shuts down poof that was one of the neurons in your
poof that was one of the neurons in your
poof that was one of the neurons in your brain that just stopped working poof
brain that just stopped working poof
brain that just stopped working poof that was part of your heart muscle which
that was part of your heart muscle which
that was part of your heart muscle which just stopped working okay so what are we
just stopped working okay so what are we
just stopped working okay so what are we going to do at this point you’re
going to do at this point you’re
going to do at this point you’re thinking look this is I know how to
thinking look this is I know how to
thinking look this is I know how to solve this problem all we need are more
solve this problem all we need are more
solve this problem all we need are more antioxidants to put out the fire and at
antioxidants to put out the fire and at
antioxidants to put out the fire and at the same time we’re going to need more
the same time we’re going to need more
the same time we’re going to need more wood more lipids to replace the ones
wood more lipids to replace the ones
wood more lipids to replace the ones that got burned unfortunately it turns
that got burned unfortunately it turns
that got burned unfortunately it turns out that the membranes of your
out that the membranes of your
out that the membranes of your mitochondria can only take a very small
mitochondria can only take a very small
mitochondria can only take a very small number of antioxidants compared to the
number of antioxidants compared to the
number of antioxidants compared to the amount of lipid or wood they have in
amount of lipid or wood they have in
amount of lipid or wood they have in fact you can only have approximately one
fact you can only have approximately one
fact you can only have approximately one I show here a bucket of water one
I show here a bucket of water one
I show here a bucket of water one antioxidant for every thousand lipid
antioxidant for every thousand lipid
antioxidant for every thousand lipid molecules and this is strictly limited
molecules and this is strictly limited
molecules and this is strictly limited you just cannot get more antioxidants
you just cannot get more antioxidants
you just cannot get more antioxidants than that in the walls of our tiny
than that in the walls of our tiny
than that in the walls of our tiny wooden factor
wooden factor
wooden factor so here’s what happens in a case of a
so here’s what happens in a case of a
so here’s what happens in a case of a disease where the amount of oxidation is
disease where the amount of oxidation is
disease where the amount of oxidation is ten times the normal but I have the same
ten times the normal but I have the same
ten times the normal but I have the same maximum amount of antioxidants that can
maximum amount of antioxidants that can
maximum amount of antioxidants that can go into our walls and you see here
go into our walls and you see here
go into our walls and you see here massive damage occurs that leads to the
massive damage occurs that leads to the
massive damage occurs that leads to the death of the mitochondria eventually
death of the mitochondria eventually
death of the mitochondria eventually this and as we age we cannot control
this and as we age we cannot control
this and as we age we cannot control this process primarily affects our
this process primarily affects our
this process primarily affects our brains and one by one
brains and one by one
brains and one by one the lights of our cities go out so at
the lights of our cities go out so at
the lights of our cities go out so at this point I think I’ve kind of painted
this point I think I’ve kind of painted
this point I think I’ve kind of painted myself in a corner because I’ve said we
myself in a corner because I’ve said we
myself in a corner because I’ve said we need more antioxidants to be able to put
need more antioxidants to be able to put
need more antioxidants to be able to put the fires out but I said we can’t put
the fires out but I said we can’t put
the fires out but I said we can’t put more antioxidants into the wooden walls
to stop the fires from burning so what
to stop the fires from burning so what are we going to do at this point I have
are we going to do at this point I have
are we going to do at this point I have two choices
two choices
two choices I can either quickly leave the stage or
I can either quickly leave the stage or
I can either quickly leave the stage or I can do an amazing feat sort of like
I can do an amazing feat sort of like
I can do an amazing feat sort of like that other famous Harry Harry Houdini
that other famous Harry Harry Houdini
that other famous Harry Harry Houdini and find a way to escape from this
and find a way to escape from this
and find a way to escape from this contradiction and in fact that’s what
contradiction and in fact that’s what
contradiction and in fact that’s what we’re going to do today about ten years
we’re going to do today about ten years
we’re going to do today about ten years ago I received a phone call from a
ago I received a phone call from a
ago I received a phone call from a friend and colleague his name is Charles
friend and colleague his name is Charles
friend and colleague his name is Charles Kantor he is a superstar biochemist
Kantor he is a superstar biochemist
Kantor he is a superstar biochemist Charles ran the first human genome
Charles ran the first human genome
Charles ran the first human genome project he’s a member of the National
project he’s a member of the National
project he’s a member of the National Academy of Sciences he has over 400
Academy of Sciences he has over 400
Academy of Sciences he has over 400 peer-reviewed papers published so when
peer-reviewed papers published so when
peer-reviewed papers published so when Charles calls I listened
and I can’t quote to you exactly the
and I can’t quote to you exactly the words but the essence of what he said
words but the essence of what he said
words but the essence of what he said was look we can’t get enough antioxidant
was look we can’t get enough antioxidant
was look we can’t get enough antioxidant in the system to put out the fires but
in the system to put out the fires but
in the system to put out the fires but what if we could prevent the fires
what if we could prevent the fires
what if we could prevent the fires happening by creating by fire proofing
happening by creating by fire proofing
happening by creating by fire proofing the walls of these little factories
the walls of these little factories
the walls of these little factories could we construct a alternate version
could we construct a alternate version
could we construct a alternate version of those lipids that would not be
of those lipids that would not be
of those lipids that would not be destroyed by these oxidative fires and
destroyed by these oxidative fires and
destroyed by these oxidative fires and I’m here to tell you that after 10 years
I’m here to tell you that after 10 years
I’m here to tell you that after 10 years of very hard work we’ve made that vision
of very hard work we’ve made that vision
of very hard work we’ve made that vision a reality and how does that happen so I
a reality and how does that happen so I
a reality and how does that happen so I said that the membranes the walls of our
said that the membranes the walls of our
said that the membranes the walls of our little factories are made up of these
little factories are made up of these
little factories are made up of these oils that we eat daily and what we’ve
oils that we eat daily and what we’ve
oils that we eat daily and what we’ve done is to create a synthetic version of
done is to create a synthetic version of
done is to create a synthetic version of that same oil but that is fireproof we
that same oil but that is fireproof we
that same oil but that is fireproof we actually replace bit by bit the wooden
actually replace bit by bit the wooden
actually replace bit by bit the wooden walls of that factory with a fire
walls of that factory with a fire
walls of that factory with a fire proofed fortified version of that same
proofed fortified version of that same
proofed fortified version of that same exact lipid it’s available in the form
exact lipid it’s available in the form
exact lipid it’s available in the form of capsules which you ingest just like a
of capsules which you ingest just like a
of capsules which you ingest just like a multivitamin or omega-3 supplement but
multivitamin or omega-3 supplement but
multivitamin or omega-3 supplement but the only difference is that it is 50 to
the only difference is that it is 50 to
the only difference is that it is 50 to 30 times less susceptible to oxidative
30 times less susceptible to oxidative
30 times less susceptible to oxidative damage but otherwise it’s completely
damage but otherwise it’s completely
damage but otherwise it’s completely safe metabolized by the body
safe metabolized by the body
safe metabolized by the body participates in all the normal functions
participates in all the normal functions
participates in all the normal functions except one it resists being oxidized
except one it resists being oxidized
except one it resists being oxidized so here’s that same example that we saw
so here’s that same example that we saw
so here’s that same example that we saw before with the huge amount of oxidative
before with the huge amount of oxidative
before with the huge amount of oxidative damage only now 10% of the membrane has
damage only now 10% of the membrane has
damage only now 10% of the membrane has been substituted by this fortified
been substituted by this fortified
been substituted by this fortified version of the lipid and you can see
version of the lipid and you can see
version of the lipid and you can see there’s an incredibly smaller amount of
there’s an incredibly smaller amount of
there’s an incredibly smaller amount of damage that occurs since then we have
damage that occurs since then we have
damage that occurs since then we have done animal trials and found that mice
done animal trials and found that mice
done animal trials and found that mice were flick TEDWomen Alzheimer’s like
were flick TEDWomen Alzheimer’s like
were flick TEDWomen Alzheimer’s like conditioned are able to still learn and
conditioned are able to still learn and
conditioned are able to still learn and retain memories every bit as well as the
retain memories every bit as well as the
retain memories every bit as well as the normal mice who don’t have that
normal mice who don’t have that
normal mice who don’t have that condition another experiment done with
condition another experiment done with
condition another experiment done with mice that get a form of diabetes this
mice that get a form of diabetes this
mice that get a form of diabetes this compound is able to completely protect
compound is able to completely protect
compound is able to completely protect their retinas which is one of the tragic
their retinas which is one of the tragic
their retinas which is one of the tragic side effects often of diabetes compared
side effects often of diabetes compared
side effects often of diabetes compared to the control mice and perhaps more
to the control mice and perhaps more
to the control mice and perhaps more amazingly we have evidence that not only
amazingly we have evidence that not only
amazingly we have evidence that not only can this approach stop the progression
can this approach stop the progression
can this approach stop the progression of the disease but we may be able to
of the disease but we may be able to
of the disease but we may be able to reverse the condition if the tiny
reverse the condition if the tiny
reverse the condition if the tiny factories and little cities are not
factories and little cities are not
factories and little cities are not completely damaged it is possible for
completely damaged it is possible for
completely damaged it is possible for them to regenerate last year we began
them to regenerate last year we began
them to regenerate last year we began human clinical trials and I’m happy to
human clinical trials and I’m happy to
human clinical trials and I’m happy to say that the results exceeded our
say that the results exceeded our
say that the results exceeded our fondest expectation we saw evidence of a
fondest expectation we saw evidence of a
fondest expectation we saw evidence of a reversal of four separate measures of
reversal of four separate measures of
reversal of four separate measures of the disease progression in these
the disease progression in these
the disease progression in these patients and the results of that will be
patients and the results of that will be
patients and the results of that will be delivered at a conference later this
delivered at a conference later this
delivered at a conference later this month the American Association of
month the American Association of
month the American Association of Neurology annual conference in in Boston
Neurology annual conference in in Boston
Neurology annual conference in in Boston the most prestigious neurology
the most prestigious neurology
the most prestigious neurology conference in the US
not only that but we think that all of
not only that but we think that all of these diseases which involve oxidative
these diseases which involve oxidative
these diseases which involve oxidative damage to mitochondria may be helped by
damage to mitochondria may be helped by
damage to mitochondria may be helped by these compounds so had this treatment
these compounds so had this treatment
these compounds so had this treatment been available in 1989 my father’s
been available in 1989 my father’s
been available in 1989 my father’s career as a doctor might have continued
career as a doctor might have continued
career as a doctor might have continued to flourish his lifespan might have been
to flourish his lifespan might have been
to flourish his lifespan might have been extended for decades
extended for decades
extended for decades and he still might have been the father
and he still might have been the father
and he still might have been the father the husband the grandfather that we all
the husband the grandfather that we all
the husband the grandfather that we all knew and loved instead of merely a
knew and loved instead of merely a
knew and loved instead of merely a remnant of himself we are on the cusp of
remnant of himself we are on the cusp of
remnant of himself we are on the cusp of being able to live not only longer but
being able to live not only longer but
being able to live not only longer but better and healthier and that is my wish
better and healthier and that is my wish
better and healthier and that is my wish for my family for those I love and that
for my family for those I love and that
for my family for those I love and that is my wish for all of you today thank
is my wish for all of you today thank
is my wish for all of you today thank you
you
you [Applause]
”
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