before starting I would like to ask you
want you have our
cell phones from the bitten apple
ok perfect record to put the
perfect incidence because this is going to
serve to illustrate the process of
innovation in that it is used as a
small tourist
there they will see if someone read the
biography of steve jobs are going to give
account were 700 pages and nothing of the
that says there is this there was a
question that had all
researchers and academics about
why all these companies to paul
googol amazon
all these arose from one place and only
from a place and they started to investigate and
they found that there was an actor
hidden in all this
hidden mostly in treason or
an English American way of thinking and
certainly in Latin America
not so the continental Europe or in Asia
and they discovered that this actor was the
been as you can see there
this is basically what he did
smart to smartphones can see
as the internet financed by darpa and
the defense department
the gps to adapt the military
the screen was financed by cia and the
national science foundation and da
also funded in the ram and
the hard drive
even the cid and was financed with
state money
the matter is also what it is
this all sounds very military
and that’s because part of the
innovation policy in states
united is carried out is carried out at
through a security policy
national
but this happens not only here but
the sector after sector this is repeated
It is also the case of medicines in
the financial sector for example the set
5 percent of new entities
molecular that are innovation
radical in medicines that finances that is
that rage in state laboratories of
U.S
this does not mean that the sector
private do not do anything because if you do
much but in recent years it has
concentrated more in the part of
investigate to leave aside the
part of research and doing the
development also spend a lot
marketing and in repurchase of shares that
that’s a bit problematic but what
that does is inflate the value of the
companies artificially and good
this is in terms of research
basic but also what happens for
for how small businesses a in
some point all the companies were
small and how they helped them out
ahead
well it turns out that there, too, the
been played the role of investors
risky
these risk investors
they usually ask for a return to the
investment of three or five years but what
what is really needed to
innovations is in this capital
patient because innovation does not happen
every 15 or 20 years
then good returning to receive
it turns out that in his second round of
financing received state money
to start as a google company
the algorithm of the search engine your sauce
secret was so well made with money
state
the national science foundation but the
same case is repeated intel in cup and
company after company and móttola by
example nokia also received money
of the government is from Finland through
of cintra then neighborhood these companies
says ok
we give you all this is fine and
telecinco that we are going to pay the
taxes and we will give employment to the
people
It turns out that it’s not like that either for
paez about the payment of taxes
I do not know if good I guess they are so
they know about this matter that companies
establish cardboard companies in
tax havens and then when there are
money to pay
the least of taxes and when I say what
less is the least and good jobs
jobs come and they say ok yep
let’s go let’s talk to the people and
everything but it’s also problematic
because jobs export them and that’s not
is that it is wrong or because that is part
of globalization but this is it
this narrative truth sap affected that
with this narrative the consequences
they transcend politics, innovation and
that for example we have the case in
guatemala that if they review the budget
national 11 billion are going to the payment of
interests to private banking over the
loans and the health budget of
5 billion is more than double what
you pay taxes
so good that ‘s when
it transcends but also where it is
the innovation that has happened there
is that is the role more or less than
plays the player states to the
radical innovation is not about
continually improve something in what is
make you think differently and good that
what has happened with the good innovation
we can see from what before 70 this
it’s very simplified but before the
seventies the road infrastructure the
aviation and nuclear energy were
developed by him or by the state and
after the seventies internet
biotechnology and space travel
it was also developed today by
example the case of tesla is the received
nearly $ 5 trillion also
subsidies
that has happened and it’s still happening but good
what comes next we do not know to science
certain what will happen to the next
industrial revolution but what yes
we know is who is financing that
and it turns out that four banks the bank of
China Development Bank
development of brazil the bank of
German development and the bank of
European investment
these four banks are investing
eight times more than the entire sector
deprived of
world and clean technologies
then already there is a sign I know
where is he going to move the next
industrial revolution but good what
happened what happened in Latin America in
the sixties seventies that
know more about the case if you were
doing something in the state had a role
it is industrializing it grew
although it did not develop and that’s the
difference that there was between asia and
Latin America
we grew up but we can not
develop we never get over the
dependence mature technologies
that ‘s another problem I had in
Latin America when when all these
mature technologies in the countries
industrialized generate quantities
navigable money has that money
banks become a liability you have
to undo that money then
they come and they stumble to go to
other underdeveloped countries or in
development paths to offer that money
with all the problems we have here
they come and they leave us that money then
systematically in the five
industrial revolutions in the part of
when the industrial revolution begins
Latin America is in moratorium has
debts
so it is very difficult to get on the wave is
as if we were playing soccer
the match starts, they grab us
backlash and leg changed
then there is very difficult to have that
recomposition Latin America by
example towards asia if you could adapt these
I designed this mature technologies
and made the change from there
Latin America regrettably return to
the raw materials can see that is
a friend had told me not to
put dates or names but in this
line the best car but that’s where they ‘re going
when I was in england is watching
what had to be done so that their
colonies will not think about manufacturing
then said good is what
we can make it easy we give them free
trade in agricultural products and
apparently Latin American
superheroes has not overcome that that
bump
such is the case for example brazil only
so they can see the brazil
Latin America in the seventies
they were at a similar point of
industrialization in the seventies
Brazil produced more cars than all
asia together save japan
well today several countries in asia have
own brands and assemble cars to have
own brands
there is a big difference or the case of
chile in 1960 chile produced splinter of
wood and paper pulp that is the most
simple process and Finland
produced wood stripe and pulp
paper
ok today chile is still exporting sliver of
wood and pulp paper and finland produces
the machinery for processing wood
ay ay ay ay ay something and what is it
pass later another will comment
a little bit of this but what about the
deindustrialization or in the case of
premature latin america
deindustrialization historically
every time the industry is removed the
test the population migrates the case of
Latvian them when it will start to
distribute the nineties when
industrialized 20% of the population
emigrated clear are within europe and
that’s relatively easy because there’s
free mobility of people but it is not
the case in Latin America and much less
of guatemala and that ‘s what ends in a
offering of walls and now you
where you have more going is time
then part the point this talk is
see this conflict of interest one thing
for example if you want to see it as the
same iphone or as any device
electronic
can see the hawa on the one hand and the
operating system the hard work them is
if we see it that way are the instructions and
is the society and the operating system
is the way people think is that
ideology and in Latin America and states
united there was a very big conflict and
if that is so
the device does not work otherwise and
Another one of obvious is that those that
there is that symbiosis is estonia and there
is where are we going to lolo maybe this opi
Estonian as you like the named ones
because they from 1997 have
they started the state started to
develop all services
state online and one of the things
what they did was for example they started
a couple of years ago to develop this
bloch technology in blog chen is
a byproduct is part of bitcoin of
these coins that do not really exist
but it is the safest system there is
to verify the data
it’s like keeping an accounting book
where accounts are kept of where it is
where is the information and provides a
footprint or an authenticity that a
forensic audit for this data
then they and a couple of years ago
they started with this they are already
implementing in two services right now
one is for voting in meetings
directives for shareholders
can vote on their boards of directors and
the other is to guarantee the integrity
of the records of patients in
united states in estonia forgive them
for example they have this sanding
they have the record of all of all
the population the public system and
they have to ensure that that
information is not or is not physical or
be then
estonia to her is already implementing
this these two video blog services
chen
but in the private initiative still
is not implemented and she is
doing but this symbiosis
the point is if one starts to think that
something is bad and what is bad and what is bad
it becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy
then the point is that if clear whether the
state has failed and has failed
greatly but it has failed thinking
20 years before internet and 20 years
before nanotechnology
there is a role there is a space for this
so even though right now my pitches are
focused on industrial policy
the point is there you have to understand from
that the best way that society
advances in a symbiosis between all
actors
Thank you
[Applause]
”
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