[Applause]
I have two confessions to make first
as an astronomer they represent that I am
I confess that I can not find more than
five stars in the sky and that if I
History is asked for the constellations
I have no idea my other that confession is
that I have a little problem with death
He drove fatal by telling them something of
truth still does not remain achievement
recover from the death of my dog
of a few months ago and justice shouted and
however , I am dedicated to studying how
is that stars die dismissal that
after these thirteen minutes
listen to my reasons and at the end of
I talked to them because they help me
decide if I’m fine I’m fatal
in 1054
the Chinese on July 4, one thousand 54 see
in the sky
suddenly a star appear and from
made the mistake he was named star
west or star for 23 days sorry
web star for 23 days was
visible both at night and day and
It took two years to go off
watching a star are watching a
eye and cuban supernova explosion
well I hope that the one who declared these
things are spherical explosions that
they emit a tremendous amount of x- rays
1967 in the middle of the Cold War Russians and
Americans fic sign pacts do not tell us
we are going to be like this as united states
in that same year he launched a series of
dt probes
three called candle and that same year
the detectors a ones detect
Gamma radiation panicked
the Americans these Russians have
early and it did not take long for
realize that this gamma radiation
did not come from the earth if it did not come from
universe and what these satellites sail
they detected was the first flash of
gamma rays that unlike the
supernova that is spherical this emits
how do you light ultra light phrases
energetic range then I ‘m going
now bruce banner can wait
then they have listened and I am
saying x-ray gamma rays
but for all of us to really feel
Let us be clear about what I am
speaking
I hope they went to the dentist and in the
dentist will take x-rays of the
not teeth or if some nephew of his does
karate like mine and broke the
arm that they have to take to the
hospital and they take an x-ray that
the social network are launching with rays
x they do not look are invisible to our
eyes but go they are energetic and of
made it go through all your skin all your
fat all your muscle and the only thing that
manages to slow down our case are the bones
in fact the radiography is a shadow
so to speak rays of your
bones that absorbed that radiation
x & y in the dentist at least in mine
but to beam in yours that does
they put a lead bib because
pierce your tooth and it could go through
your chest and it is very harmful then
that they put lead so that it is not
destroying radiating your chest is very
harmful if you are in contact very
followed with x-rays can take out destroys
cells can generate careful tumors
be more careful with radiation
gamma
since then many people or at least me
at first when I listened
gamma radiation always hits peter
parker or with bruce banner that were
sitting around having a coffee near a
where they were performing a
lots of experiments with radiation
gamma and dad to spider man hulk
well if in reality hulk bruce give
would have been near the place where
in theory it was being done with that
amount of gamma radiation hulk is
Chicharra ni hulk survives this by
misfortune on earth the humans
the way we have most
related to it with radiation
gamma is with atomic bombs
only then do we manage to make this energy
it’s super energetic
let’s go back to the Chinese and the sail
the supernova energetic explosion gamut
so that you realize how energetic
time is equivalent to one million
millions of millions of millions of
millions of atomic bombs type the one that
he threw himself in japan in turns and president
in a few weeks and also so that
it is clear this supernova that the
Chinese saw the points here comes from
60,000 million of distance
it comes within the milky way but
It is very far away
and yet we confuse it with a
starlet is that it is very energetic
this flashes of gamma rays so that
be still more energetic produce
also x rays but very many radios
gamma rays produces so much energy that
all the energy that the sun is going to emit
in all his life
there he did a gamma ray flash
in a second
A flash of gamma rays emits what
the sun will emit in 9,000 million
years
what happens is that
done this comes even further than
which supernovas come distances
out of the milky way 5 million
times even further than this
supernova that the Chinese saw and a
satellites sail again what
confuse with possible armaments that
the Russians are doing
the supernovas and especially the
gamma ray flashes are the
more energetic explosions that there are in
the universe
another super nice detail of the
flashes of gamma and supernova rays
maybe you have not heard it but
well they are much more common than those
of what we believed and this supernova
who saw the Chinese by eye
We have seen seven more
tycho brahé saw one on youtube says go
to invent I stay with you work plans
there are seven others that we have seen at eye and
since about 1,600 we have not seen
another we are waiting to see a
eye but what we do have is a series
of satellites out of the atmosphere
because for our luck the atmosphere
blocks radiation gamma irradiation x2
we send satellites out to
to be able to see the universe high
energies and with this series of satellites
since I know how 1940
today we supernovas
approximately 40,000 detected and
since 1967
from that first gamma ray flash
that the plane’s satellite like 5,000
back here what I am showing you
it’s all the gamma ray flashes
that a satellite named tom tom gam
Persian king observatory egr voice for
friends saw for ten years in all the
the nineties approximated with
the 2,704 gamma-ray flashes and
this comes
I am teaching him in heaven in the
celestial vault from where it comes comes from
all parties come calling us
isotopically mind that is another saying
I was there for her because of her
she and there from everywhere
then what this one is still
more beautiful is that they come are common
in case to call you so that they are up to date
today with all the satellites that
we have more or less managed to detect
a flash of gamma rays per day not
visible to the eyes but the detectors
satelite
if then only more energetic
universe comes from everywhere and
then not for nothing during the
last 50 years since the
Discovery of candle as they are a subject
super hot in astronomy
everyone wanted to be studying and has
been an enigma to talk about enigmas
he presented this case to you in the galaxy
that 243 April 5, 88 98 if I said
france champion francisco camps and del
98
this one there was a gamma ray flash
that a title of a lama and his group
they made the studio beautiful and this
I really glint like I did not have
nothing different from the other three thousand
that they had seen before but for being
in vitoria a day later in that same
galaxy supernova we then detect a
day
the attacks left something of this range at
next day by the way comes a
supernova also from that same place
this for me was my time I
I hurt I was happy my heart what
He felt
my pants fell off and I said that
I want to study this are both
energetic phenomena more than
universe
and from there comes the vehicle after
another one that is generating this and good
of course I was not alone I went from
the 98 hundred physical astrophysicists
chemical nuclear you say there is no
of everything and of course besides that
there were all the theories in some
moment
in fact there were more theories that
flashes of gamma rays observed and
then all these years to external
dynamic magnetic fields there is physics
quantum and for me relativity
special and general island that know things
that travel near the speed of the
light
I studied three jets that flashes
they are broadcasting they travel to point 9 997 the
speed of light
very fast and then there are things
very dense then of training the
space time I take off my hat
years
So I really trust that
at
then I tell them once and they
I say is one of the models in my opinion
is the one that at least here I believe him and
much the scientific community is the one
trust more and it’s called collapse and like
its name says it implies a collapse
it also implies something else implies that
born a star with a serious problem
of obesity are few cases are
rare it is easier to generate a
star type sun or more now a
star type that was with
trappist one who are stars
chiquititas almost a tenth of the
Sun
those are the most common but of
suddenly the fat brother that says here
I am and not only then also what
what’s up with these obese stars
live very fast is represented is
flame wolf rayet then bull fryatt goes
to live a thousand times less or faster
that the sun but dies intensely
then what happens at some point
there are no nuclear reactions in the
center and then you have nothing to
keep saying we do not have to here
because a lot of gravity and then what
it happens is the inside part of this
star time to 30 solar masses the part
interior starts to collapse
collapse the name and the two more
central
ruth become such an object
dense that nor to the light itself leave
escape a black hole and while the
rest of the dough the other 28 masses
solars that are well and on their way
bounce and pum are expelled in a
more excuses come out super fast and super
energetic
there’s the supernova but I’m
originally made istanbul and that is
the physical superstar who came up with this
I call supernova failed because
difference a common supernova and
current
this supernova did not net all the
material that you have around you and you
there is a little bit of material around
there the failed ones and then as the hole
black ascent starts to suck all the
material that you have around you
and here comes the most complicated step
a fraction of this material that is
being busy is redirected in the jets
there is the gamma ray
I know
so it feels so good and see if that
It excites so much this is also doubt
here is my humble little grain of sand
to do like this model
what I did was simulations
numerical taking into account are
taking into account this model collapse and
what I’m showing them is the pure
jet that has to leave by the
surrounding that they are hit surrounding
and we show that it effectively achieves
go through all that material and super
energetic and then that could get
to the satellite that is to say it is compared
it looks like the stick that the observationals
we are seeing that smithfield last
they manage to understand
the good nature two hours and the
chinese
they finally know that this is what
efe saw that Huespe star
they saw was actually a supernova
and not only that, it was really that
the origin of this supernova was the
death of a gorna star then already
we know how the studies of
gamma rays
the supernovas and well with that all the
Chinese are happy
we return to my case if you forgot
I have a problem with not knowing how to name
stars
I fear death my dog v
then let’s analyze my case the many
of you would say you do not need to go to
psychologist and they may be right
really but let ‘s look a little
I do not know how to name the stars but
yes it is the physics that is happening
to the inside of her
that’s why I like to name myself
astrophysicist ok problem less I have
fear of death but nevertheless can
my fear is not so terrible
because I live with death
the study every day and second
I sleep well and besides I’m not alone there
many other scientists with the
same fears that I or worse and have
a productive life students this
super nice article sleep well no
divorce then do not be
this also comforts me a lot
maybe they paint us wrong then
finally I invite you to go see
the sky somewhere where there
little pollution but also little
light pollution that has not
many spotlights so they can see the
sky go to adjust to tepoztlan to the
Beach
bolten up programs are
seeing like that look for you
mayagüez but maybe it’s also a
supernova or a gamma-ray flash or
perhaps the two and if so please
invite
thank you very much
[Applause]
”
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