[Applause] there’s obviously been a lot of very
there’s obviously been a lot of very
there’s obviously been a lot of very interesting people talking about a lot
interesting people talking about a lot
interesting people talking about a lot of very interesting things today I’d
of very interesting things today I’d
of very interesting things today I’d like to take a minute and talk about a
like to take a minute and talk about a
like to take a minute and talk about a stick that I found in a hole in the
stick that I found in a hole in the
stick that I found in a hole in the ground but I think that that stick
ground but I think that that stick
ground but I think that that stick actually says something pretty profound
actually says something pretty profound
actually says something pretty profound about human curiosity I map and explore
about human curiosity I map and explore
about human curiosity I map and explore caves and most the time nobody’s ever
caves and most the time nobody’s ever
caves and most the time nobody’s ever been in those spaces before but in a
been in those spaces before but in a
been in those spaces before but in a cave in the Grand Canyon a group of
cave in the Grand Canyon a group of
cave in the Grand Canyon a group of people on myself found that stick a
people on myself found that stick a
people on myself found that stick a single split twig made to you know used
single split twig made to you know used
single split twig made to you know used to make figurines like these placed
to make figurines like these placed
to make figurines like these placed deliberately in a crack in the wall of a
deliberately in a crack in the wall of a
deliberately in a crack in the wall of a cave 3,000 years ago by a person who
cave 3,000 years ago by a person who
cave 3,000 years ago by a person who scaled 200 feet to get into that space
scaled 200 feet to get into that space
scaled 200 feet to get into that space why would you do that
why would you do that
why would you do that I mean why would you risk your life to
I mean why would you risk your life to
I mean why would you risk your life to put a stick in a cave standing there
put a stick in a cave standing there
put a stick in a cave standing there looking at that stick is actually a
looking at that stick is actually a
looking at that stick is actually a really good way to feel pretty small and
really good way to feel pretty small and
really good way to feel pretty small and ephemeral but it also makes you think a
ephemeral but it also makes you think a
ephemeral but it also makes you think a lot about why you and that person and
lot about why you and that person and
lot about why you and that person and the group of people you’re with all
the group of people you’re with all
the group of people you’re with all we’re so driven to this inaccessible
we’re so driven to this inaccessible
we’re so driven to this inaccessible place I mean why are humans so drawn to
place I mean why are humans so drawn to
place I mean why are humans so drawn to the unknown these caves are fascinating
the unknown these caves are fascinating
the unknown these caves are fascinating places there’s actually thousands of
places there’s actually thousands of
places there’s actually thousands of miles of cliff face in the Grand Canyon
miles of cliff face in the Grand Canyon
miles of cliff face in the Grand Canyon and in some of these cliffs we find
and in some of these cliffs we find
and in some of these cliffs we find these cave entrances that are millions
these cave entrances that are millions
these cave entrances that are millions of years old they actually predate the
of years old they actually predate the
of years old they actually predate the canyon itself and the only reason that
canyon itself and the only reason that
canyon itself and the only reason that we can even get into them is because
we can even get into them is because
we can even get into them is because millions of years ago when the Colorado
millions of years ago when the Colorado
millions of years ago when the Colorado River down cut through the ground to
River down cut through the ground to
River down cut through the ground to form the Grand Canyon it exposed these
form the Grand Canyon it exposed these
form the Grand Canyon it exposed these entrances the surface and we can see the
entrances the surface and we can see the
entrances the surface and we can see the entrances but we have no idea what’s in
entrances but we have no idea what’s in
entrances but we have no idea what’s in them you can’t fly an airplane over
them you can’t fly an airplane over
them you can’t fly an airplane over these spaces ahead of time GPS doesn’t
these spaces ahead of time GPS doesn’t
these spaces ahead of time GPS doesn’t work underground the only way to know
work underground the only way to know
work underground the only way to know what’s down there is to actually go in
what’s down there is to actually go in
what’s down there is to actually go in person so a couple times a year a group
person so a couple times a year a group
person so a couple times a year a group of people on myself fly from all over
of people on myself fly from all over
of people on myself fly from all over the country and head out to the Grand
the country and head out to the Grand
the country and head out to the Grand Canyon under a research permit through
Canyon under a research permit through
Canyon under a research permit through the National
the National
the National service and we put everything we need
service and we put everything we need
service and we put everything we need for nine days on our backs tents
for nine days on our backs tents
for nine days on our backs tents sleeping bags rope food grappling hooks
sleeping bags rope food grappling hooks
sleeping bags rope food grappling hooks pirate flags
pirate flags
pirate flags don’t forget your fire flag and we
don’t forget your fire flag and we
don’t forget your fire flag and we bushwhack down through thousand
bushwhack down through thousand
bushwhack down through thousand thousands of feet of cliff face through
thousands of feet of cliff face through
thousands of feet of cliff face through yucca and agave and cask law and
yucca and agave and cask law and
yucca and agave and cask law and manzanita and all these great names for
manzanita and all these great names for
manzanita and all these great names for desert plants that are really just spiky
desert plants that are really just spiky
desert plants that are really just spiky and stabby and make you bleed just so we
and stabby and make you bleed just so we
and stabby and make you bleed just so we can camp in this wash that’s overrun by
can camp in this wash that’s overrun by
can camp in this wash that’s overrun by fearless desert mice that will almost
fearless desert mice that will almost
fearless desert mice that will almost literally steal the food out of your
literally steal the food out of your
literally steal the food out of your mouth if you give them the chance and
mouth if you give them the chance and
mouth if you give them the chance and after all that we tie our ropes to giant
after all that we tie our ropes to giant
after all that we tie our ropes to giant rocks and rappel off a 600 foot cliff
rocks and rappel off a 600 foot cliff
rocks and rappel off a 600 foot cliff unlike the mice we are not fearless mom
unlike the mice we are not fearless mom
unlike the mice we are not fearless mom I know you’re in the audience more close
I know you’re in the audience more close
I know you’re in the audience more close your eyes we call this an air bath and
your eyes we call this an air bath and
your eyes we call this an air bath and even after all the time I spent on rope
even after all the time I spent on rope
even after all the time I spent on rope it’s still terrified but it’s the only
it’s still terrified but it’s the only
it’s still terrified but it’s the only way to get into these spaces so if we
way to get into these spaces so if we
way to get into these spaces so if we want to map and explore these caves we
want to map and explore these caves we
want to map and explore these caves we have to do this crazy vertical work to
have to do this crazy vertical work to
have to do this crazy vertical work to do it but once we’re there it what gives
do it but once we’re there it what gives
do it but once we’re there it what gives us access so how do you map a cave again
us access so how do you map a cave again
us access so how do you map a cave again can’t fly an airplane over the space GPS
can’t fly an airplane over the space GPS
can’t fly an airplane over the space GPS doesn’t work it’s surprisingly
doesn’t work it’s surprisingly
doesn’t work it’s surprisingly old-fashioned we actually take laser
old-fashioned we actually take laser
old-fashioned we actually take laser rangefinders and we collect data point
rangefinders and we collect data point
rangefinders and we collect data point to point to point throughout the entire
to point to point throughout the entire
to point to point throughout the entire cave compass bearing inclination
cave compass bearing inclination
cave compass bearing inclination distance and and we do that because we
distance and and we do that because we
distance and and we do that because we don’t know where the cave is going and
don’t know where the cave is going and
don’t know where the cave is going and sometimes they’re miles and miles we
sometimes they’re miles and miles we
sometimes they’re miles and miles we have to do that for the entire space
have to do that for the entire space
have to do that for the entire space that involves going down every hole on
that involves going down every hole on
that involves going down every hole on the floor up every single hole in the
the floor up every single hole in the
the floor up every single hole in the ceiling under rocks that look like they
ceiling under rocks that look like they
ceiling under rocks that look like they might have passage underneath and into
might have passage underneath and into
might have passage underneath and into cracks in the walls that are so tight
cracks in the walls that are so tight
cracks in the walls that are so tight that sometimes you have to put one arm
that sometimes you have to put one arm
that sometimes you have to put one arm above your head like this and one on the
above your head like this and one on the
above your head like this and one on the side and kind of wiggle in until you can
side and kind of wiggle in until you can
side and kind of wiggle in until you can feel the rock on your chest and your
feel the rock on your chest and your
feel the rock on your chest and your back at the same time and the only way
back at the same time and the only way
back at the same time and the only way to make forward progress is actually
to make forward progress is actually
to make forward progress is actually just to push with your toes and most of
just to push with your toes and most of
just to push with your toes and most of the time that goes nowhere but every
the time that goes nowhere but every
the time that goes nowhere but every once in a while it goes to some pretty
once in a while it goes to some pretty
once in a while it goes to some pretty cool stuff like these giant underground
cool stuff like these giant underground
cool stuff like these giant underground rooms that you know again nobody’s ever
rooms that you know again nobody’s ever
rooms that you know again nobody’s ever been in these places before or this I
been in these places before or this I
been in these places before or this I mean these are called gypsum flowers
mean these are called gypsum flowers
mean these are called gypsum flowers they’re actually an extrusion out of the
they’re actually an extrusion out of the
they’re actually an extrusion out of the rock bore that’s caused by capillary
rock bore that’s caused by capillary
rock bore that’s caused by capillary action
action
action you know you can just be going through
you know you can just be going through
you know you can just be going through the space and just run into a room like
the space and just run into a room like
the space and just run into a room like this
this
this these are a gunite chandeliers again
these are a gunite chandeliers again
these are a gunite chandeliers again just a strange geological formation I
just a strange geological formation I
just a strange geological formation I like this one this is actually the cross
like this one this is actually the cross
like this one this is actually the cross section or end of a stalagmite that’s
section or end of a stalagmite that’s
section or end of a stalagmite that’s tipped over and what you’re looking at
tipped over and what you’re looking at
tipped over and what you’re looking at is actually the rings that formed as the
is actually the rings that formed as the
is actually the rings that formed as the precipitation that was filtering down
precipitation that was filtering down
precipitation that was filtering down into the cave changed over years and
into the cave changed over years and
into the cave changed over years and years and years so it’s a lot like tree
years and years so it’s a lot like tree
years and years so it’s a lot like tree rings but each one of those rings
rings but each one of those rings
rings but each one of those rings represents way more time than a tree so
represents way more time than a tree so
represents way more time than a tree so we take all this data and we record it
we take all this data and we record it
we take all this data and we record it and again it’s surprisingly rudimentary
and again it’s surprisingly rudimentary
and again it’s surprisingly rudimentary I mean we’re literally writing it down
I mean we’re literally writing it down
I mean we’re literally writing it down on pieces of paper these are not old
on pieces of paper these are not old
on pieces of paper these are not old sheets of paper this is just mud and on
sheets of paper this is just mud and on
sheets of paper this is just mud and on the left is the data and on the right is
the left is the data and on the right is
the left is the data and on the right is sort of a hand-drawn sketch and we
sort of a hand-drawn sketch and we
sort of a hand-drawn sketch and we collect that data for these for all of
collect that data for these for all of
collect that data for these for all of these places and plug it into a piece of
these places and plug it into a piece of
these places and plug it into a piece of software called compass that does a
software called compass that does a
software called compass that does a whole bunch of trigonometry for us and
whole bunch of trigonometry for us and
whole bunch of trigonometry for us and we end up with this kind of rudimentary
we end up with this kind of rudimentary
we end up with this kind of rudimentary three-dimensional line plot of the cave
three-dimensional line plot of the cave
three-dimensional line plot of the cave you can take that and combine it with
you can take that and combine it with
you can take that and combine it with that sketch to form this sort of
that sketch to form this sort of
that sketch to form this sort of finalized map and this is a ton of work
finalized map and this is a ton of work
finalized map and this is a ton of work I mean some of these caves it’s taken
I mean some of these caves it’s taken
I mean some of these caves it’s taken decades for people to create accurate
decades for people to create accurate
decades for people to create accurate maps of them and there’s cavers doing
maps of them and there’s cavers doing
maps of them and there’s cavers doing this all over the world all the time
this all over the world all the time
this all over the world all the time Bly
I’ll tell you a quick story I I signed
I’ll tell you a quick story I I signed up for a pretty hard cave trip a woman I
up for a pretty hard cave trip a woman I
up for a pretty hard cave trip a woman I know it was diving a sump at the bottom
know it was diving a sump at the bottom
know it was diving a sump at the bottom of a really cold cave and so a sump is
of a really cold cave and so a sump is
of a really cold cave and so a sump is essentially just a water filled section
essentially just a water filled section
essentially just a water filled section of passage that that we were trying to
of passage that that we were trying to
of passage that that we were trying to see what was on the other side and I
see what was on the other side and I
see what was on the other side and I signed up for this trip and I’m telling
signed up for this trip and I’m telling
signed up for this trip and I’m telling a friend of mine that I’m going a fellow
a friend of mine that I’m going a fellow
a friend of mine that I’m going a fellow cave ER and he kind of gives me this
cave ER and he kind of gives me this
cave ER and he kind of gives me this sideways look and I say Andy what’s that
sideways look and I say Andy what’s that
sideways look and I say Andy what’s that look for are you telling me that I’m the
look for are you telling me that I’m the
look for are you telling me that I’m the only idiot stupid enough to do this and
only idiot stupid enough to do this and
only idiot stupid enough to do this and without missing a beat he looks at me
without missing a beat he looks at me
without missing a beat he looks at me and says oh no there’ll be plenty of
and says oh no there’ll be plenty of
and says oh no there’ll be plenty of other idiots I mean this story is sort
other idiots I mean this story is sort
other idiots I mean this story is sort of my confession right I wonder all the
of my confession right I wonder all the
of my confession right I wonder all the time if this is crazy I mean to
time if this is crazy I mean to
time if this is crazy I mean to structure so much of my life around
structure so much of my life around
structure so much of my life around something that’s literally most people’s
something that’s literally most people’s
something that’s literally most people’s nightmare to crawl into these
nightmare to crawl into these
nightmare to crawl into these claustrophobic cracks – hang on rope to
claustrophobic cracks – hang on rope to
claustrophobic cracks – hang on rope to sleep underground for days at a time you
sleep underground for days at a time you
sleep underground for days at a time you know – just just to produce this map I
know – just just to produce this map I
know – just just to produce this map I mean why would you do that why would
mean why would you do that why would
mean why would you do that why would that person 3,000 years ago scale that
that person 3,000 years ago scale that
that person 3,000 years ago scale that cliff just to put that stick in a crack
each of those things in isolation seems
each of those things in isolation seems pretty insignificant you know you’re
pretty insignificant you know you’re
pretty insignificant you know you’re just mapping and exploring a little bit
just mapping and exploring a little bit
just mapping and exploring a little bit of cave but when you add up those
of cave but when you add up those
of cave but when you add up those thousands of thousands of feet and those
thousands of thousands of feet and those
thousands of thousands of feet and those hours spent exploring you get a map and
hours spent exploring you get a map and
hours spent exploring you get a map and all of that has helped humans to to
all of that has helped humans to to
all of that has helped humans to to better understand geology for cavers to
better understand geology for cavers to
better understand geology for cavers to make discoveries in biology in in the
make discoveries in biology in in the
make discoveries in biology in in the way that human circadian rhythms work in
way that human circadian rhythms work in
way that human circadian rhythms work in the absence of sunlight the psychology
the absence of sunlight the psychology
the absence of sunlight the psychology of group dynamics and adverse conditions
of group dynamics and adverse conditions
of group dynamics and adverse conditions all because somebody just wanted to see
all because somebody just wanted to see
all because somebody just wanted to see what was in a hole in the ground it’s a
what was in a hole in the ground it’s a
what was in a hole in the ground it’s a slow slow accumulation of knowledge and
slow slow accumulation of knowledge and
slow slow accumulation of knowledge and and you know it’s certainly my
and you know it’s certainly my
and you know it’s certainly my contributions are pretty insignificant
contributions are pretty insignificant
contributions are pretty insignificant but when you add all of that up you
but when you add all of that up you
but when you add all of that up you start to see the difference between us
start to see the difference between us
start to see the difference between us and I mean all of us and that person
and I mean all of us and that person
and I mean all of us and that person 3,000 years ago this is actually one of
3,000 years ago this is actually one of
3,000 years ago this is actually one of the photographers whose photos you’re
the photographers whose photos you’re
the photographers whose photos you’re looking at today and I’d like the
looking at today and I’d like the
looking at today and I’d like the fixture because if you look at that
fixture because if you look at that
fixture because if you look at that camera that camera is just like a cave
camera that camera is just like a cave
camera that camera is just like a cave map I mean yes Nikon built that camera
map I mean yes Nikon built that camera
map I mean yes Nikon built that camera but Nikon didn’t figure out how to turn
but Nikon didn’t figure out how to turn
but Nikon didn’t figure out how to turn petroleum products into plastic Nikon
petroleum products into plastic Nikon
petroleum products into plastic Nikon didn’t develop the circuitry that’s used
didn’t develop the circuitry that’s used
didn’t develop the circuitry that’s used to get those images
to get those images
to get those images off that camera onto your computer look
off that camera onto your computer look
off that camera onto your computer look at that rope I trust my life to that
at that rope I trust my life to that
at that rope I trust my life to that rope all the time I don’t understand
rope all the time I don’t understand
rope all the time I don’t understand that details of how its woven I don’t
that details of how its woven I don’t
that details of how its woven I don’t understand the way that the industrial
understand the way that the industrial
understand the way that the industrial machines that manufacture at work but I
machines that manufacture at work but I
machines that manufacture at work but I put my faith in that collective
put my faith in that collective
put my faith in that collective knowledge
knowledge
knowledge and I can guarantee you that when the
and I can guarantee you that when the
and I can guarantee you that when the chemist a DuPont that sat down to
chemist a DuPont that sat down to
chemist a DuPont that sat down to understand the molecular structure of
understand the molecular structure of
understand the molecular structure of nylon did so he never imagined that this
nylon did so he never imagined that this
nylon did so he never imagined that this is how it would be used you know as a
is how it would be used you know as a
is how it would be used you know as a way to explore caves the process is so
way to explore caves the process is so
way to explore caves the process is so collective right and it takes all of
collective right and it takes all of
collective right and it takes all of this time when you see that stick
this time when you see that stick
this time when you see that stick underground the reason it feels so
underground the reason it feels so
underground the reason it feels so profound is it because it immediately
profound is it because it immediately
profound is it because it immediately compresses all of that time that person
compresses all of that time that person
compresses all of that time that person is me I mean their urge is the same just
is me I mean their urge is the same just
is me I mean their urge is the same just to explore the unknown the difference is
to explore the unknown the difference is
to explore the unknown the difference is that I’ve been given this gift and that
that I’ve been given this gift and that
that I’ve been given this gift and that gift is a thousand and thousands of
gift is a thousand and thousands of
gift is a thousand and thousands of years of collective human knowledge that
years of collective human knowledge that
years of collective human knowledge that all just came from people trying to
all just came from people trying to
all just came from people trying to follow their curiosity that gift is in a
follow their curiosity that gift is in a
follow their curiosity that gift is in a way like all of our collective
way like all of our collective
way like all of our collective inheritance and if we lose that we go
inheritance and if we lose that we go
inheritance and if we lose that we go back to just being a single individual
back to just being a single individual
back to just being a single individual scaling an impossible cliff hoping that
scaling an impossible cliff hoping that
scaling an impossible cliff hoping that history finds our extinguish torch these
history finds our extinguish torch these
history finds our extinguish torch these things don’t need to be scientific I
things don’t need to be scientific I
things don’t need to be scientific I mean to be involved in this process you
mean to be involved in this process you
mean to be involved in this process you don’t literally need to be filling in
don’t literally need to be filling in
don’t literally need to be filling in blank spots on a map in a way we’re all
blank spots on a map in a way we’re all
blank spots on a map in a way we’re all doing it right now
doing it right now
doing it right now I mean this sharing and refining of
I mean this sharing and refining of
I mean this sharing and refining of information is so central to what Ted is
information is so central to what Ted is
information is so central to what Ted is when somebody first asked me to speak I
when somebody first asked me to speak I
when somebody first asked me to speak I had a lot of doubts I mean what do I
had a lot of doubts I mean what do I
had a lot of doubts I mean what do I have to say that’s important that
have to say that’s important that
have to say that’s important that actually matters but but I realized that
actually matters but but I realized that
actually matters but but I realized that in order to support this project you had
in order to support this project you had
in order to support this project you had to I had to engage in it even if it
to I had to engage in it even if it
to I had to engage in it even if it meant risking failure the first time
meant risking failure the first time
meant risking failure the first time somebody spoke at Ted was actually 33
somebody spoke at Ted was actually 33
somebody spoke at Ted was actually 33 years ago I to look this up and and the
years ago I to look this up and and the
years ago I to look this up and and the amazing thing about that is if if you go
amazing thing about that is if if you go
amazing thing about that is if if you go back and watch those early speeches
back and watch those early speeches
back and watch those early speeches those people actually predict devices
those people actually predict devices
those people actually predict devices that we all now carry around in her
that we all now carry around in her
that we all now carry around in her pockets all because people followed that
pockets all because people followed that
pockets all because people followed that curiosity and and tried to fill in those
curiosity and and tried to fill in those
curiosity and and tried to fill in those blank spots in human knowledge one
blank spots in human knowledge one
blank spots in human knowledge one really big blank spot in caving
really big blank spot in caving
really big blank spot in caving is the deepest cave in America we don’t
is the deepest cave in America we don’t
is the deepest cave in America we don’t know where it is we don’t even know if
know where it is we don’t even know if
know where it is we don’t even know if it’s been discovered yet because again
it’s been discovered yet because again
it’s been discovered yet because again you can’t fly an airplane over these
you can’t fly an airplane over these
you can’t fly an airplane over these places ahead of time but the deepest
places ahead of time but the deepest
places ahead of time but the deepest known cave right now is a thousand miles
known cave right now is a thousand miles
known cave right now is a thousand miles from the Grand Canyon in Montana and at
from the Grand Canyon in Montana and at
from the Grand Canyon in Montana and at the bottom of it it just keeps going
the bottom of it it just keeps going
the bottom of it it just keeps going because so far human willpower has
because so far human willpower has
because so far human willpower has failed I mean we have to pack all our
failed I mean we have to pack all our
failed I mean we have to pack all our gear in on mules you still the same
gear in on mules you still the same
gear in on mules you still the same thing you’re putting all this vertical
thing you’re putting all this vertical
thing you’re putting all this vertical gear on and going into these awful
gear on and going into these awful
gear on and going into these awful spaces rigging all of these ropes most
spaces rigging all of these ropes most
spaces rigging all of these ropes most of the passage looks like this it’s
of the passage looks like this it’s
of the passage looks like this it’s tight it’s freezing cold it’s not quite
tight it’s freezing cold it’s not quite
tight it’s freezing cold it’s not quite literally it’s 38 degrees I believe and
literally it’s 38 degrees I believe and
literally it’s 38 degrees I believe and and at the bottom you just end up
and at the bottom you just end up
and at the bottom you just end up sleeping in a pile of mud and eating
sleeping in a pile of mud and eating
sleeping in a pile of mud and eating freeze-dried food out of ziplock bags
freeze-dried food out of ziplock bags
freeze-dried food out of ziplock bags everybody who has gone hates it I’ve
everybody who has gone hates it I’ve
everybody who has gone hates it I’ve been literally they hate it and I wonder
been literally they hate it and I wonder
been literally they hate it and I wonder why bother going back I mean why don’t I
why bother going back I mean why don’t I
why bother going back I mean why don’t I just go sit on my couch and drink a beer
just go sit on my couch and drink a beer
just go sit on my couch and drink a beer it’s probably just a crack in the mud at
it’s probably just a crack in the mud at
it’s probably just a crack in the mud at the bottom and yet I’m gonna go back you
the bottom and yet I’m gonna go back you
the bottom and yet I’m gonna go back you don’t need to crawl down you know a
don’t need to crawl down you know a
don’t need to crawl down you know a crazy crack in the mud in order to be
crazy crack in the mud in order to be
crazy crack in the mud in order to be part of this process human existence
part of this process human existence
part of this process human existence moves forward in a lot of different ways
moves forward in a lot of different ways
moves forward in a lot of different ways but there’s a couple of things you can
but there’s a couple of things you can
but there’s a couple of things you can do to help I mean if you see somebody
do to help I mean if you see somebody
do to help I mean if you see somebody engaging in something with a high risk
engaging in something with a high risk
engaging in something with a high risk of failure don’t judge that failure
of failure don’t judge that failure
of failure don’t judge that failure support them if you feel that curiosity
support them if you feel that curiosity
support them if you feel that curiosity in yourself to do something new or to
in yourself to do something new or to
in yourself to do something new or to try something new even if you’re not
try something new even if you’re not
try something new even if you’re not really sure why don’t be ashamed of that
really sure why don’t be ashamed of that
really sure why don’t be ashamed of that follow it and when you learn interesting
follow it and when you learn interesting
follow it and when you learn interesting things share them because that’s how we
things share them because that’s how we
things share them because that’s how we carry that collective inheritance
carry that collective inheritance
carry that collective inheritance forward even if we have to do it foot by
forward even if we have to do it foot by
forward even if we have to do it foot by foot pushing with our toes thank you
foot pushing with our toes thank you
foot pushing with our toes thank you [Applause]
”
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