How Immigrants Shape(d) the United States | Nalini Krishnankutty | TEDxPSU

what words come to your mind when you

what words come to your mind when you see or hear the word immigrant when I

see or hear the word immigrant when I

see or hear the word immigrant when I ask this question in my workshops on

ask this question in my workshops on

ask this question in my workshops on immigrant history and contributions the

immigrant history and contributions the

immigrant history and contributions the answers are always revealing illegal is

answers are always revealing illegal is

answers are always revealing illegal is a common response as our refugee foreign

a common response as our refugee foreign

a common response as our refugee foreign poor and desperate sometimes someone

poor and desperate sometimes someone

poor and desperate sometimes someone will say family community freedom

will say family community freedom

will say family community freedom borders or even languages but the

borders or even languages but the

borders or even languages but the answers are mostly negative and this

answers are mostly negative and this

answers are mostly negative and this negativity it’s not unique to the United

negativity it’s not unique to the United

negativity it’s not unique to the United States the migration observatory at the

States the migration observatory at the

States the migration observatory at the University of Oxford studied the

University of Oxford studied the

University of Oxford studied the coverage of immigrants in the British

coverage of immigrants in the British

coverage of immigrants in the British press from 2006 to 2015

press from 2006 to 2015

press from 2006 to 2015 they found that illegal was the most

they found that illegal was the most

they found that illegal was the most common word used to describe immigrants

common word used to describe immigrants

common word used to describe immigrants it’s really notable that there are no

it’s really notable that there are no

it’s really notable that there are no words like smart creative pioneering

words like smart creative pioneering

words like smart creative pioneering enterprising brave words that could be

enterprising brave words that could be

enterprising brave words that could be used to describe doctor Elizabeth

used to describe doctor Elizabeth

used to describe doctor Elizabeth Blackwell who was the first female

Blackwell who was the first female

Blackwell who was the first female doctor in the United States or

doctor in the United States or

doctor in the United States or environmentalist John Muir whose ideas

environmentalist John Muir whose ideas

environmentalist John Muir whose ideas helped create our national parks or

helped create our national parks or

helped create our national parks or composer Irving Berlin who wrote god

composer Irving Berlin who wrote god

composer Irving Berlin who wrote god Bless America

Bless America

Bless America Elizabeth Blackwell came from England

Elizabeth Blackwell came from England

Elizabeth Blackwell came from England John Muir from Scotland and Irving

John Muir from Scotland and Irving

John Muir from Scotland and Irving Berlin came from Russia they all came as

Berlin came from Russia they all came as

Berlin came from Russia they all came as children when it was impossible to know

children when it was impossible to know

children when it was impossible to know their skin or their potential and yet

their skin or their potential and yet

their skin or their potential and yet they did go ahead and shape the United

they did go ahead and shape the United

they did go ahead and shape the United States of America now these same

States of America now these same

States of America now these same positive words could be used to describe

positive words could be used to describe

positive words could be used to describe first-generation immigrants today

first-generation immigrants today

first-generation immigrants today immigrants like Sergey Brin co-founder

immigrants like Sergey Brin co-founder

immigrants like Sergey Brin co-founder of Google who came from Russia at the

of Google who came from Russia at the

of Google who came from Russia at the age of six at the height of the Cold War

age of six at the height of the Cold War

age of six at the height of the Cold War when we distrusted

when we distrusted

when we distrusted anything Russian or Jerry yang

anything Russian or Jerry yang

anything Russian or Jerry yang co-founder of Yahoo who came from Taiwan

co-founder of Yahoo who came from Taiwan

co-founder of Yahoo who came from Taiwan at the age of 10 the only English word

at the age of 10 the only English word

at the age of 10 the only English word he knew when he came here was the word

he knew when he came here was the word

he knew when he came here was the word shoe or Elon Musk founder of SpaceX

shoe or Elon Musk founder of SpaceX

shoe or Elon Musk founder of SpaceX co-founder of XCOM which became PayPal

co-founder of XCOM which became PayPal

co-founder of XCOM which became PayPal CEO of Tesla associated with so many

CEO of Tesla associated with so many

CEO of Tesla associated with so many other ventures he came from South Africa

other ventures he came from South Africa

other ventures he came from South Africa via Canada to the United States as an

via Canada to the United States as an

via Canada to the United States as an undergraduate student

undergraduate student

undergraduate student now these visionary immigrants they use

now these visionary immigrants they use

now these visionary immigrants they use their abilities and the opportunities

their abilities and the opportunities

their abilities and the opportunities they had here to create companies that

they had here to create companies that

they had here to create companies that shape not just the United States but the

shape not just the United States but the

shape not just the United States but the whole world now we call ourselves a land

whole world now we call ourselves a land

whole world now we call ourselves a land of immigrants Native Americans came here

of immigrants Native Americans came here

of immigrants Native Americans came here tens of thousands of years ago in the

tens of thousands of years ago in the

tens of thousands of years ago in the 1500s they were first the French in the

1500s they were first the French in the

1500s they were first the French in the Spanish followed by the British the

Spanish followed by the British the

Spanish followed by the British the Scots the Dutch the Germans and then

Scots the Dutch the Germans and then

Scots the Dutch the Germans and then people from many other countries most

people from many other countries most

people from many other countries most Europeans came here as free people but

Europeans came here as free people but

Europeans came here as free people but some were indentured servants for

some were indentured servants for

some were indentured servants for centuries we also bought and transported

centuries we also bought and transported

centuries we also bought and transported Africans to the United States as slaves

Africans to the United States as slaves

Africans to the United States as slaves they surely did not have any choice and

they surely did not have any choice and

they surely did not have any choice and when the United States annexed the

when the United States annexed the

when the United States annexed the northern part of Mexico after the

northern part of Mexico after the

northern part of Mexico after the us-mexico war the people who lived in

us-mexico war the people who lived in

us-mexico war the people who lived in lands that later became California

lands that later became California

lands that later became California Arizona New Mexico Utah Colorado and

Arizona New Mexico Utah Colorado and

Arizona New Mexico Utah Colorado and Nevada they became Americans not by

Nevada they became Americans not by

Nevada they became Americans not by crossing the border but because the

crossing the border but because the

crossing the border but because the border crossed them all these people and

border crossed them all these people and

border crossed them all these people and their descendants they did shape the

their descendants they did shape the

their descendants they did shape the United States but as they did that they

United States but as they did that they

United States but as they did that they took land away from the original

took land away from the original

took land away from the original inhabitants the Native Americans cost

inhabitants the Native Americans cost

inhabitants the Native Americans cost their numbers to shrink and they did

their numbers to shrink and they did

their numbers to shrink and they did change their way of life forever today a

change their way of life forever today a

change their way of life forever today a million people come to the United States

million people come to the United States

million people come to the United States legally every year immigrants are 14% of

legally every year immigrants are 14% of

legally every year immigrants are 14% of the population which amounts to about 43

the population which amounts to about 43

the population which amounts to about 43 million people we still are a land of

million people we still are a land of

million people we still are a land of immigrants

immigrants

immigrants yet we do treat immigrants as the other

yet we do treat immigrants as the other

yet we do treat immigrants as the other now I myself came to the United States

now I myself came to the United States

now I myself came to the United States as a chemical engineering graduate

as a chemical engineering graduate

as a chemical engineering graduate student international students like me

student international students like me

student international students like me are recruited even today to fill the

are recruited even today to fill the

are recruited even today to fill the extreme shortage of American students in

extreme shortage of American students in

extreme shortage of American students in STEM fields for the most part I’ve had

STEM fields for the most part I’ve had

STEM fields for the most part I’ve had really positive experiences yet like

really positive experiences yet like

really positive experiences yet like many immigrants I have had experiences

many immigrants I have had experiences

many immigrants I have had experiences that remind me of my other nests I have

that remind me of my other nests I have

that remind me of my other nests I have seen the hatred towards immigrants

seen the hatred towards immigrants

seen the hatred towards immigrants escalate steadily after 9/11 and that

escalate steadily after 9/11 and that

escalate steadily after 9/11 and that drumbeat increasing in peak and

drumbeat increasing in peak and

drumbeat increasing in peak and intensity over the last few years many

intensity over the last few years many

intensity over the last few years many immigrants face taunts of go back home

immigrants face taunts of go back home

immigrants face taunts of go back home some are attacked and some have even

some are attacked and some have even

some are attacked and some have even been killed immigrants are detained

been killed immigrants are detained

been killed immigrants are detained deported denied entrance even as

deported denied entrance even as

deported denied entrance even as discussions of immigration reform have

discussions of immigration reform have

discussions of immigration reform have been filling our news media now these

been filling our news media now these

been filling our news media now these reactions towards immigrants this so

reactions towards immigrants this so

reactions towards immigrants this so visceral as if people don’t know our

visceral as if people don’t know our

visceral as if people don’t know our history of immigration or the

history of immigration or the

history of immigration or the contribution of immigrants why this

contribution of immigrants why this

contribution of immigrants why this negativity are we just a generation of

negativity are we just a generation of

negativity are we just a generation of haters now if we look at history we find

haters now if we look at history we find

haters now if we look at history we find that this tussle of hating immigrants

that this tussle of hating immigrants

that this tussle of hating immigrants but still wanting them to be here

but still wanting them to be here

but still wanting them to be here because we need them this is not new in

because we need them this is not new in

because we need them this is not new in fact it is something as American as

fact it is something as American as

fact it is something as American as apple pie

apple pie

apple pie in 1751 inventor and later founding

in 1751 inventor and later founding

in 1751 inventor and later founding father Ben Franklin did not want the

father Ben Franklin did not want the

father Ben Franklin did not want the Germans coming to the English colony of

Germans coming to the English colony of

Germans coming to the English colony of Pennsylvania he said the most stupid

Pennsylvania he said the most stupid

Pennsylvania he said the most stupid sort of people were migrating to this

sort of people were migrating to this

sort of people were migrating to this country but he said the Germans do have

country but he said the Germans do have

country but he said the Germans do have some virtues they’re hard workers

some virtues they’re hard workers

some virtues they’re hard workers they’re frugal they’re good farmers we

they’re frugal they’re good farmers we

they’re frugal they’re good farmers we do need them to grow the country Ben

do need them to grow the country Ben

do need them to grow the country Ben Franklin also worried about the swarthy

Franklin also worried about the swarthy

Franklin also worried about the swarthy complexion of the Germans the Swedes

complexion of the Germans the Swedes

complexion of the Germans the Swedes Italians the French the Russians he said

Italians the French the Russians he said

Italians the French the Russians he said they would just make the country less

they would just make the country less

they would just make the country less white they were not as white as the

white they were not as white as the

white they were not as white as the anglo-saxons then Franklin also worried

anglo-saxons then Franklin also worried

anglo-saxons then Franklin also worried that Germans would come in such large

that Germans would come in such large

that Germans would come in such large numbers they would German eyes the

numbers they would German eyes the

numbers they would German eyes the country instead of getting anglicized

country instead of getting anglicized

country instead of getting anglicized themselves now did Ben Franklin’s fears

themselves now did Ben Franklin’s fears

themselves now did Ben Franklin’s fears come true well the first kindergarten

come true well the first kindergarten

come true well the first kindergarten was started in 1856 by a German

was started in 1856 by a German

was started in 1856 by a German immigrant a first-generation German

immigrant a first-generation German

immigrant a first-generation German immigrant German immigrants championed

immigrant German immigrants championed

immigrant German immigrants championed universal education and they shaped the

universal education and they shaped the

universal education and they shaped the public school system that we have today

public school system that we have today

public school system that we have today German immigrants gave us that Christmas

German immigrants gave us that Christmas

German immigrants gave us that Christmas tree they gave us Santa Claus and they

tree they gave us Santa Claus and they

tree they gave us Santa Claus and they also gave us the Easter Bunny

also gave us the Easter Bunny

also gave us the Easter Bunny how about jeans it was a first

how about jeans it was a first

how about jeans it was a first generation German immigrant Levi Strauss

generation German immigrant Levi Strauss

generation German immigrant Levi Strauss along with an immigrant from Latvia

along with an immigrant from Latvia

along with an immigrant from Latvia Jacob Davis who created these jeans for

Jacob Davis who created these jeans for

Jacob Davis who created these jeans for miners during the gold rush and how

miners during the gold rush and how

miners during the gold rush and how about course past Miller and Heiser Bush

about course past Miller and Heiser Bush

about course past Miller and Heiser Bush all these companies were started by

all these companies were started by

all these companies were started by first-generation German immigrants not

first-generation German immigrants not

first-generation German immigrants not their descendants but people who had

their descendants but people who had

their descendants but people who had come from Germany and then started all

come from Germany and then started all

come from Germany and then started all these enterprises that live here today

these enterprises that live here today

these enterprises that live here today German immigrants were also the ones who

German immigrants were also the ones who

German immigrants were also the ones who thought that the weekend should be for

thought that the weekend should be for

thought that the weekend should be for recreation not just for rest and

recreation not just for rest and

recreation not just for rest and relaxation and in fact one of the

relaxation and in fact one of the

relaxation and in fact one of the caricatures that people had was about

caricatures that people had was about

caricatures that people had was about Germans drinking beer on a weekend now

Germans drinking beer on a weekend now

Germans drinking beer on a weekend now Ben Franklin and to be fair to him a lot

Ben Franklin and to be fair to him a lot

Ben Franklin and to be fair to him a lot of people held his views his fears did

of people held his views his fears did

of people held his views his fears did come true but for many of us today we

come true but for many of us today we

come true but for many of us today we feel that the German experience is

feel that the German experience is

feel that the German experience is really now the American experience they

really now the American experience they

really now the American experience they are virtually indistinguishable how did

are virtually indistinguishable how did

are virtually indistinguishable how did other groups fare the Irish when they

other groups fare the Irish when they

other groups fare the Irish when they came were disliked for being poor and

came were disliked for being poor and

came were disliked for being poor and Catholic and people worried that the

Catholic and people worried that the

Catholic and people worried that the Pope would soon be influencing the

Pope would soon be influencing the

Pope would soon be influencing the United States

United States

United States the Irish have the distinction that the

the Irish have the distinction that the

the Irish have the distinction that the first anti-immigrant party was formed to

first anti-immigrant party was formed to

first anti-immigrant party was formed to get rid of them the American party or

get rid of them the American party or

get rid of them the American party or the know-nothing party was formed on an

the know-nothing party was formed on an

the know-nothing party was formed on an anti-immigrant anti-catholic platform

anti-immigrant anti-catholic platform

anti-immigrant anti-catholic platform they elected governors had hundreds of

they elected governors had hundreds of

they elected governors had hundreds of legislative seats ran a presidential

legislative seats ran a presidential

legislative seats ran a presidential candidate and also managed to deport

candidate and also managed to deport

candidate and also managed to deport hundreds of Irishmen from the country

hundreds of Irishmen from the country

hundreds of Irishmen from the country now the Irish and the Germans they did

now the Irish and the Germans they did

now the Irish and the Germans they did gain acceptance as Americans when people

gain acceptance as Americans when people

gain acceptance as Americans when people began to arrive from Central Southern

began to arrive from Central Southern

began to arrive from Central Southern and Eastern Europe and horror of Horrors

and Eastern Europe and horror of Horrors

and Eastern Europe and horror of Horrors when Asians began to arrive from China

when Asians began to arrive from China

when Asians began to arrive from China and India now the Chinese they first

and India now the Chinese they first

and India now the Chinese they first came here during the gold rush but later

came here during the gold rush but later

came here during the gold rush but later agents went all the way to China to

agents went all the way to China to

agents went all the way to China to recruit them for projects like the

recruit them for projects like the

recruit them for projects like the Transcontinental Railroad and other work

Transcontinental Railroad and other work

Transcontinental Railroad and other work Asians faced intense hatred they were

Asians faced intense hatred they were

Asians faced intense hatred they were attacked murdered the arson lynching

attacked murdered the arson lynching

attacked murdered the arson lynching mass evacuations were all things they

mass evacuations were all things they

mass evacuations were all things they experienced and as the diversity of

experienced and as the diversity of

experienced and as the diversity of immigrants grew and the percentages went

immigrants grew and the percentages went

immigrants grew and the percentages went very high to about 15% xenophobia in the

very high to about 15% xenophobia in the

very high to about 15% xenophobia in the country peaked hatred became the new

country peaked hatred became the new

country peaked hatred became the new normal and our laws were changed to

normal and our laws were changed to

normal and our laws were changed to reflect this the Chinese Exclusion Act

reflect this the Chinese Exclusion Act

reflect this the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882 it did not allow Chinese

in 1882 it did not allow Chinese

in 1882 it did not allow Chinese laborers to enter the country for the

laborers to enter the country for the

laborers to enter the country for the next ten years more alien labor laws

next ten years more alien labor laws

next ten years more alien labor laws were passed followed by a literacy test

were passed followed by a literacy test

were passed followed by a literacy test for any immigrants over 16 finally in

for any immigrants over 16 finally in

for any immigrants over 16 finally in 1924 a law was passed which really

1924 a law was passed which really

1924 a law was passed which really focused on national quotas to increase

focused on national quotas to increase

focused on national quotas to increase immigration from Western Europe all

immigration from Western Europe all

immigration from Western Europe all immigration from Asia was banned the

immigration from Asia was banned the

immigration from Asia was banned the period after this the country did

period after this the country did

period after this the country did experience quite a bit of labor

experience quite a bit of labor

experience quite a bit of labor shortages and one way that we worked

shortages and one way that we worked

shortages and one way that we worked around it was to have a guest worker

around it was to have a guest worker

around it was to have a guest worker program with Mexico where we

program with Mexico where we

program with Mexico where we intermittently got workers from Mexico

intermittently got workers from Mexico

intermittently got workers from Mexico it took 40 years to correct this

it took 40 years to correct this

it took 40 years to correct this discrimination on national origins but

discrimination on national origins but

discrimination on national origins but in 1965 we did pass the immigration act

in 1965 we did pass the immigration act

in 1965 we did pass the immigration act where people from all countries could

where people from all countries could

where people from all countries could come in based on skill or on family

come in based on skill or on family

come in based on skill or on family reunification one thing that was

reunification one thing that was

reunification one thing that was discontinued at that time was the guest

discontinued at that time was the guest

discontinued at that time was the guest worker program that we had with Mexico

worker program that we had with Mexico

worker program that we had with Mexico so now the doors are open

so now the doors are open

so now the doors are open immigrants are back in and today we are

immigrants are back in and today we are

immigrants are back in and today we are back to the 14% that very high number

back to the 14% that very high number

back to the 14% that very high number which is very similar to the percentages

which is very similar to the percentages

which is very similar to the percentages we had in the 1890s when xenophobia had

we had in the 1890s when xenophobia had

we had in the 1890s when xenophobia had peaked

peaked

peaked so hatred is back in the United States

so hatred is back in the United States

so hatred is back in the United States the issues are the same that people

the issues are the same that people

the issues are the same that people can’t handle the diversity of immigrants

can’t handle the diversity of immigrants

can’t handle the diversity of immigrants the issues are also same that we do

the issues are also same that we do

the issues are also same that we do still need immigrants but the players

still need immigrants but the players

still need immigrants but the players are different in 1890 immigrants mainly

are different in 1890 immigrants mainly

are different in 1890 immigrants mainly came from Europe and the five countries

came from Europe and the five countries

came from Europe and the five countries that they came mostly from they were

that they came mostly from they were

that they came mostly from they were Germany Ireland England and Canada and

Germany Ireland England and Canada and

Germany Ireland England and Canada and Sweden today we have immigrants mainly

Sweden today we have immigrants mainly

Sweden today we have immigrants mainly from Latin America and Asia and

from Latin America and Asia and

from Latin America and Asia and immigrants come in from Mexico China

immigrants come in from Mexico China

immigrants come in from Mexico China India Philippines and Vietnam these are

India Philippines and Vietnam these are

India Philippines and Vietnam these are the top five countries that they are

the top five countries that they are

the top five countries that they are coming from so we do have all that

coming from so we do have all that

coming from so we do have all that hatred today but immigration still

hatred today but immigration still

hatred today but immigration still remains a two-way street

remains a two-way street

remains a two-way street we need the immigrants and immigrants

we need the immigrants and immigrants

we need the immigrants and immigrants need us so what do we do now we do have

need us so what do we do now we do have

need us so what do we do now we do have a choice are we going to be the first

a choice are we going to be the first

a choice are we going to be the first generation that is going to break this

generation that is going to break this

generation that is going to break this continuum of hate towards immigrants

continuum of hate towards immigrants

continuum of hate towards immigrants that has lasted since the colonies are

that has lasted since the colonies are

that has lasted since the colonies are we going to be the generation that

we going to be the generation that

we going to be the generation that accepts immigrants not just tolerates

accepts immigrants not just tolerates

accepts immigrants not just tolerates them because they have certain skills or

them because they have certain skills or

them because they have certain skills or because they are going to revitalize our

because they are going to revitalize our

because they are going to revitalize our towns or you know replace our aging

towns or you know replace our aging

towns or you know replace our aging workforce are we going to be the

workforce are we going to be the

workforce are we going to be the generation that stops shutting

generation that stops shutting

generation that stops shutting bail out because they’re poor or they’re

bail out because they’re poor or they’re

bail out because they’re poor or they’re stupid or maybe they’re just from the

stupid or maybe they’re just from the

stupid or maybe they’re just from the wrong countries well if we had done that

wrong countries well if we had done that

wrong countries well if we had done that in the past we might have missed out

in the past we might have missed out

in the past we might have missed out Andrew Carnegie who was just a poor kid

Andrew Carnegie who was just a poor kid

Andrew Carnegie who was just a poor kid from Scotland we might have missed out

from Scotland we might have missed out

from Scotland we might have missed out on Nikola Tesla who came from Serbia we

on Nikola Tesla who came from Serbia we

on Nikola Tesla who came from Serbia we might have missed out on Secretary of

might have missed out on Secretary of

might have missed out on Secretary of State Madeleine Albright who was a

State Madeleine Albright who was a

State Madeleine Albright who was a refugee from Czechoslovakia or singer

refugee from Czechoslovakia or singer

refugee from Czechoslovakia or singer Gloria Estefan who was a refugee from

Gloria Estefan who was a refugee from

Gloria Estefan who was a refugee from Cuba not to mention we might have missed

Cuba not to mention we might have missed

Cuba not to mention we might have missed out on a whole bunch of Nobel laureates

out on a whole bunch of Nobel laureates

out on a whole bunch of Nobel laureates a large percentage of them are born

a large percentage of them are born

a large percentage of them are born abroad we also might have missed out on

abroad we also might have missed out on

abroad we also might have missed out on all American experiences of baseball

all American experiences of baseball

all American experiences of baseball beer and hot dogs all of which were

beer and hot dogs all of which were

beer and hot dogs all of which were created by first-generation immigrants

created by first-generation immigrants

created by first-generation immigrants going to Zumba listening to hip-hop

going to Zumba listening to hip-hop

going to Zumba listening to hip-hop eating Chobani yogurt or Kraft cheese

eating Chobani yogurt or Kraft cheese

eating Chobani yogurt or Kraft cheese shopping at t.j.maxx or Kohl’s forever

shopping at t.j.maxx or Kohl’s forever

shopping at t.j.maxx or Kohl’s forever 21 or Nautica going to Panda Express or

21 or Nautica going to Panda Express or

21 or Nautica going to Panda Express or sweet frog the list goes on and on and

sweet frog the list goes on and on and

sweet frog the list goes on and on and on now let me ask you that same question

on now let me ask you that same question

on now let me ask you that same question again what words come to your mind now

again what words come to your mind now

again what words come to your mind now when you see or hear the word immigrant

when you see or hear the word immigrant

when you see or hear the word immigrant when I ask this question at the end of

when I ask this question at the end of

when I ask this question at the end of my workshops on immigration history and

my workshops on immigration history and

my workshops on immigration history and contribution the answers are again

contribution the answers are again

contribution the answers are again revealing smart creative pioneering

revealing smart creative pioneering

revealing smart creative pioneering risk-takers recruited Nobel laureates

risk-takers recruited Nobel laureates

risk-takers recruited Nobel laureates professors students teachers farmers

professors students teachers farmers

professors students teachers farmers construction workers taxi drivers the

construction workers taxi drivers the

construction workers taxi drivers the words are many revealing both the

words are many revealing both the

words are many revealing both the complexity of immigration and the

complexity of immigration and the

complexity of immigration and the multifaceted humanity of immigrants now

multifaceted humanity of immigrants now

multifaceted humanity of immigrants now the attendees and the workshops are

the attendees and the workshops are

the attendees and the workshops are beginning to see immigrants with fresh

beginning to see immigrants with fresh

beginning to see immigrants with fresh eyes admiring both their resilience and

eyes admiring both their resilience and

eyes admiring both their resilience and their contribution to the American

their contribution to the American

their contribution to the American experience we all of us will need those

experience we all of us will need those

experience we all of us will need those fresh eyes in the days ahead

fresh eyes in the days ahead

fresh eyes in the days ahead to ensure that hatred is not the new

to ensure that hatred is not the new

to ensure that hatred is not the new normal again in the United States of

normal again in the United States of

normal again in the United States of America we will also need those fresh

America we will also need those fresh

America we will also need those fresh eyes again as individuals in all our

eyes again as individuals in all our

eyes again as individuals in all our communities to accept immigrants truly

communities to accept immigrants truly

communities to accept immigrants truly embrace them and welcome them no matter

embrace them and welcome them no matter

embrace them and welcome them no matter which country they come from to this

which country they come from to this

which country they come from to this land of immigrants the United States of

land of immigrants the United States of

land of immigrants the United States of America thank you

America thank you

America thank you [Applause]