thank you all
People often think that language can determine the characteristics of species
It also determines our attributes as human beings.
But the way different languages describe the world
Different
If I speak in Greek now
Then for each noun and related words
I must be clear
The word is positive or negative.
Even if this term stands for an object, I must explain the part of speech
If I speak Dani (a Indonesian tribal language)
Can use only one word to describe black blue and green
Use another word to describe all other colors
In fact, most languages in the world
There is no distinction between green and blue words
Instead, use cyan to indicate both
In the language of Muduruku (a tribe in northern Brazil) people count only 4
Any number larger than 4 is called
In some other languages, there is no exact description of the exact number of words
So I have been trying to answer this question for the past 20 years
How does the difference in language affect our thinking?
This question deepens the essence of human nature
Are we thinking the same way
Is there a difference in the way of thinking in different cultures?
Wittgenstein thinks the limit of language means
The limits of the cognitive world
On the other hand, scholars like Pinker and Chomsky think
The meaning of all language expressions is the same
You can easily express any concept in any language
It’s like playing a piece of piano melody with a guitar
But is it so easy?
The emotional and cultural details of the original poetry or novel
Difficult to express accurately in translation
Most of us can use multiple languages
To express the same idea
Because we speak foreign languages
But it is also often possible to realize the missing parts of different language conversions
For example, how do you translate cool into Greek?
We now look at a video that perfectly describes this situation
(Japanese) Director: You are sitting quietly in your study
A bottle of Suntory whiskey on the table
see it
Next, wholeheartedly soothing and looking at the camera tenderly
When we are talking about lines with old friends,
It’s like you’re a movie Bogie in Casablanca. Cheers are friends. It’s now Suntory.
Translation: Does the director ask you to turn and stare at the camera?
Bill Murray (BM, actor): Did he say this?
Translation: Look at these turns
BM: OK he let me from the right
Or turn it from the left
(Japanese) Translation: He is ready
He wants to know when he started shooting
You want him to turn to the left
Or turn to the right?
This is what he wants to know if you don’t mind
(Japanese) Director: Both sides
This kind of thing is not important
Do we have time to understand?
You must have a sense of urgency
Look slowly into the camera to be full of enthusiasm
Do we want passionate understanding?
Translation: Can you turn from the right suddenly?
Actors: Are these?
I feel like he talked more than this
(Japanese) Director: What are you talking about?
Isn’t it just a bottle of whisky?
Understand
It’s as if old friends meet again to be gentle and soothing
It’s very important to mobilize your emotional feelings
Translation: Like an old friend looking at the camera at the same time
Actors: Okay
PA: Bill Murray is a genius right
He gave up trying to understand the intention of the director
The director has a clear picture of the advertising content
But lost during the translation process
In fact, most of our world’s population
We are using more than one language in communication
The Gravity of Language to Our Ideas Embodies New Importance
Multilingual experience in everyday life
Just as the video shows
Convinced me that Earth people obviously do not speak only one language
But some experts think
Different languages have different concepts of this proposition
Logically cannot be established
If not, how do bilinguals do?
If this proposition is established, bilinguals will always be in confusion.
And split personality
There are three arguments I want to clarify immediately
The first is when speaking a language
It is impossible to think in another language
In fact, this is precisely the bilingual and the second foreign language learner.
What has been done
How many times do you think in Greek when you speak English?
I still do this now
Even my English is very proficient
Even the translation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs did the same
“…Playing a granary for people”
(laughter)
This actually has a special meaning in Greek
But it is meaningless in English
I think so
Although this sentence is indeed spoken in English
This recent error caused confusion on social networks
And was soon corrected
But this shows when using a language
It is entirely possible to think in another language
The coolest thing is that this conclusion is also reversed
I even discovered that sometimes I speak Greek but think in English
When I speak to the taxi driver in Thessaloniki in Greek
Thank you, thank you good morning
They are very surprised
My lab is from the brain activity of bilinguals
Discovered evidence of this synchronization
Thinking in one language while thinking in another language
Greek speaking people cannot easily
Classification of cucumber eggplant and pepper
Even if they actually belong to the same concept category
Vegetables
Although these words are expressed in English
The brain activity of bilinguals tells us
They are thinking about the word part of two words in Greek
In Greek, cucumbers are neutral
Eggplant and pepper are negative
The second argument I want to negate is
People can’t think in a “hybrid” way
Although not everyone thinks in a hybrid way
Whether we are bilingual or not
In fact, in the 20th and 21st centuries, we experienced some at a geometric rate.
From a variety of languages and cultural backgrounds
Comprehensive concept
Changes in any language will not be static
The most crucial motivation behind the evolution of language
In terms of dual language environment
Is a synthesis of semantics between different languages
My lab found the Greeks in only one language
There is a clear distinction between dark blue and light blue
Correspondence with ble and galazio in Greek
There is no such situation in the English-speaking person’s head
But in the brains of bilinguals, they show a kind of hybrid-like cognition.
With first language and second language
Not the same
The last statement I want to refute is
It is impossible to think in another language
For many people
Learning another language is like becoming another person
Many bilinguals also include me
All recognize that it seems to be another person when speaking another language
Why is this so
Research shows thinking in mother tongue
It is often very sensitive to be done quickly in the subconscious.
Thinking in a foreign language
It is more systematic, more organized and conforming
We tend to rely more on logic than on feelings
Considering that we are
How natural it is to learn the results of mother tongue
We are immersed in parents and caregivers
Careful Care Unconditional Love in Learning Mother Tongue
And foreign languages are often not so
Emotional classroom acquisition
This situation affects the way we make a value orientation
Imagine the only way if you save 5 lives
Is killing one person
Will you kill this man?
Or do you prefer to do nothing for the 5 people to survive?
Whether you believe it or not you decide
It depends on you are using your mother tongue
Still using a foreign language
Person speaking a foreign language in a study
More willing to use
The probability of a life-changing five lives is
Twice as many native speakers
This is a moral code that does not take human life
And without sacrificing the conflict between many people
Compared to choosing their own code of ethics
Using foreign languages to increase the proportion of our choice of justice
not only that
People always have fear
For example, people are afraid of flying
A study shows if you consider
Danger of travelling by plane
When thinking about this in a foreign language
You tend to think that risk is lower and income is higher
Foreign language thinking allows us to jump out
Thinking frame that is deeply influenced by emotion thinks more logically
So if you’re afraid of flying, think about it in a foreign language
May not be so scared
Then based on evidence from bilinguals
We saw
It is entirely possible that two kinds of thinking modes coexist in one person
In fact, managing these two ways of thinking can make the brain healthier
Because studies have shown that bilinguals
People who speak only one language
At least 5 years old suffer from Alzheimer’s disease
So our language is either native or other foreign language
Has a profound influence on our understanding of the world and our own behavior
But we fell from the height of Babel Tower (it is said that due to the construction of the SkyTower, it provoked God to disrupt human language)
For social science and culture
What does language gravitation mean?
I want to show you two examples
This is the statement I showed before
Based on this statement I have been committed to confirm
Differences between languages
Not just vocabulary and pronunciation
There may be a more fundamental problem
Why Noam Chomsky and Steven Pinker believe Martians exist
Not only do millions of people think so
Is there really life on Mars like David Bowie sang
Actually this Mars fever is in the 20th and 21st century
Very popular
It is presented through song films, science fiction, etc.
But when the heat of Martian life was born in the 19th century,
Is when a native English speaker is an astronaut
When reading an English version of an Italian work
Misunderstand the described Martian channel as life
Later astronomer Carl Sagan told a similar story
The story takes place in his 1980 work “Cosmos”
In the story Percival Lowell, an English-speaking astronaut
For an Italian astronaut Giovan Schiaparell
The 1877 Statement on the Martial Channel (Canali)
Very excited
Canali means river or ripple in Italian
However, it was translated as “Canal” in English.
The word implies artificial traces of exploitation
Suddenly there is a statement of life on Mars.
It is entirely possible that there will be rivers for human exploration.
Since then, there have been many experiments and missions to Mars.
But no traces of rivers or life existed
Percival Lowell mistakenly believes there is life on Mars
Just because of a word in his mother tongue
Forcing him to think so
And if a word can influence scientific thinking like this
Influencing popular culture
Imagine the entire language system people who speak the language
How much influence on their thinking
This also leads to my last argument
In the picture we can see that we participated
World Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
Economists and linguists collaborate
Confirmed the various differences seen in the figure
Actually depends on the structure of the language
And the tendency to save money
On the left side of the figure
There are countries like Norway, Japan, Sweden
Good in saving this
Each country can be seen on the vertical axis
Proportion of gross domestic product (GDP) stored
On the right side of the figure
At the end like Britain
The United States also has Greece and other countries
National savings do not do a good job
These are all developed Western democracies.
What is the impact of this ability to save money?
The results show that these are all determined
How different languages distinguish between present and future
The right side of the map
Speaking language
Will force people who speak this language
Distinguish what is happening now and in the future
This language is called the language of the future
The future language in Greek will speak
I eat now with my friends
I will eat with a friend tomorrow
Verbs sometimes change
There is also a linguistic barrier between now and the future
Make the future more distant
The connection with the present is also weaker
So people who speak this language
Deposits become more difficult for the future
Left side of the figure
The languages spoken by these countries
It is not mandatory to distinguish verb tenses
This kind of language has become a language without future
In Swedish, you will speak like this in the future
I eat with my friends now and I eat with my friend Ming
The verb tense does not change
In these languages you talk about the future
It’s like discussing the same
This equivalence deals with future and current claims
Let you think that now and the future are the same
So you will do more things that affect the future now
And more than that
In a single issue to all countries in the world
Many people in a survey
Limit some things like economic conditions
Religious and other conditions
Discover people who speak no country in the future
In fact, it is not easy to overweight
Less smoking
More inclined to use condoms
What do these behaviors have in common?
They all give priority to the future
So if you want to smoke less or save more money
Actually when you learn Japanese or Swedish
You are close to achieving this goal
Of course, this is also experimentally proven
It also leads to my conclusion
In general, we believe that the benefits of learning foreign languages bring us
Nothing more than a better job prospect
Or let us ask for more convenience when traveling
Or convenient to order at a foreign restaurant
Of course these are very important things
But in fact the benefits of learning a foreign language are greater than we imagined
Learn new language
Is the only way to truly understand the thinking of others
Let you understand more what they will do
Why do they do this?
Why are these behaviors different from yours?
You can change someone
The best thing is
Learning a foreign language can change our own behavior
Let us be more flexible and adaptable to the new environment
You can change yourself
So learning to think in another language can change our behavior
Give us an efficient communication
And better understand the opportunities for different perspectives
But we are still in the doorstep of a challenging new world
In my Lancaster’s lab I and my colleagues are committed to
Training people with language-specific elements instead of the entire language
For example, does it distinguish the future?
This may change or enhance certain behaviors
For example, the ability to save money
Small changes may have a big effect
If you think about it, most of the revolution happens in fact.
In a diverse ecosystem
Become more flexible and adaptable by learning new behaviors
Gives you a greater chance to survive and become a better organism
If we practice thinking like this
Then we really built the Tower of Babel that could not be destroyed.
(Greek) Thank you all
(applause)
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