[Applause] [Music]
little smalls
little smalls I think from evil masks to NASA there’s
I think from evil masks to NASA there’s
I think from evil masks to NASA there’s an increasing number of space agencies
an increasing number of space agencies
an increasing number of space agencies and organizations that are very
and organizations that are very
and organizations that are very interested in sending people to Mars the
interested in sending people to Mars the
interested in sending people to Mars the one really important question other
one really important question other
one really important question other things get enough attention is actually
things get enough attention is actually
things get enough attention is actually how we’re going to potentially live
how we’re going to potentially live
how we’re going to potentially live there once we arrive now there’s a lot
there once we arrive now there’s a lot
there once we arrive now there’s a lot of research that’s being conducted here
of research that’s being conducted here
of research that’s being conducted here on earth that trying to figure out some
on earth that trying to figure out some
on earth that trying to figure out some of the challenges that they’re likely to
of the challenges that they’re likely to
of the challenges that they’re likely to face once we get that and one of the
face once we get that and one of the
face once we get that and one of the ways that we’re doing this is actually
ways that we’re doing this is actually
ways that we’re doing this is actually what’s called animal studies which
what’s called animal studies which
what’s called animal studies which basically we design a habitat here on
basically we design a habitat here on
basically we design a habitat here on earth the trance emanate what the living
earth the trance emanate what the living
earth the trance emanate what the living conditions are going to be like on the
conditions are going to be like on the
conditions are going to be like on the surface of another planet now one of
surface of another planet now one of
surface of another planet now one of these is the Mars desert Research Center
these is the Mars desert Research Center
these is the Mars desert Research Center and I spent enough to be part of a team
and I spent enough to be part of a team
and I spent enough to be part of a team of people after being faced with one of
of people after being faced with one of
of people after being faced with one of these sensors and in the start of my
these sensors and in the start of my
these sensors and in the start of my talk today I talked a little bit about
talk today I talked a little bit about
talk today I talked a little bit about the experiences that me and my team had
the experiences that me and my team had
the experiences that me and my team had there as well as explained some of the
there as well as explained some of the
there as well as explained some of the other research that’s being done to try
other research that’s being done to try
other research that’s being done to try and address these challenges so where
and address these challenges so where
and address these challenges so where was it well this is the the Mars desert
was it well this is the the Mars desert
was it well this is the the Mars desert Research Center and it’s set in the Utah
Research Center and it’s set in the Utah
Research Center and it’s set in the Utah desert and it’s run by the Mars Society
desert and it’s run by the Mars Society
desert and it’s run by the Mars Society and it’s in this incredibly iron oxide
and it’s in this incredibly iron oxide
and it’s in this incredibly iron oxide rich environment which gives it this
rich environment which gives it this
rich environment which gives it this fantastic red color that you see here I
fantastic red color that you see here I
fantastic red color that you see here I think that combined with the fact in
think that combined with the fact in
think that combined with the fact in such an isolated environment really did
such an isolated environment really did
such an isolated environment really did start to give us a sense of what it
start to give us a sense of what it
start to give us a sense of what it would actually be like to live on the
would actually be like to live on the
would actually be like to live on the surface itself so we’ve got an updated
surface itself so we’ve got an updated
surface itself so we’ve got an updated picture here this large multi-story
picture here this large multi-story
picture here this large multi-story structure that you can
structure that you can
structure that you can see this is actually where we usually
see this is actually where we usually
see this is actually where we usually live and we stayed there for multiple
live and we stayed there for multiple
live and we stayed there for multiple weeks at a time as we started to get
weeks at a time as we started to get
weeks at a time as we started to get some indication where and that large
some indication where and that large
some indication where and that large during the structure is actually called
during the structure is actually called
during the structure is actually called the biodome where we grow food and we
the biodome where we grow food and we
the biodome where we grow food and we look at other ways of growing large
look at other ways of growing large
look at other ways of growing large quantities particularly the methods of
quantities particularly the methods of
quantities particularly the methods of other things in a very small
other things in a very small
other things in a very small concentrated area so what was the label
concentrated area so what was the label
concentrated area so what was the label we want to pick out site well we have to
we want to pick out site well we have to
we want to pick out site well we have to go through a full depressurization and a
go through a full depressurization and a
go through a full depressurization and a repressurization stimulation and during
repressurization stimulation and during
repressurization stimulation and during which we had to wear one of these
which we had to wear one of these
which we had to wear one of these fantastic spacesuits and then we think
fantastic spacesuits and then we think
fantastic spacesuits and then we think from our parable vision to the type of
from our parable vision to the type of
from our parable vision to the type of gloves we wore when as items courtesy
gloves we wore when as items courtesy
gloves we wore when as items courtesy stimulate as possible what would
stimulate as possible what would
stimulate as possible what would actually be like to operate on the
actually be like to operate on the
actually be like to operate on the surface and certainly doing fine motor
surface and certainly doing fine motor
surface and certainly doing fine motor control if you want to operate different
control if you want to operate different
control if you want to operate different bits of equipment is quite a challenge I
bits of equipment is quite a challenge I
bits of equipment is quite a challenge I know from my personal experience
know from my personal experience
know from my personal experience certainly knitting there and having to
certainly knitting there and having to
certainly knitting there and having to wear one of these suits every time we go
wear one of these suits every time we go
wear one of these suits every time we go outside it’s little things like the wind
outside it’s little things like the wind
outside it’s little things like the wind in your hair on your face that you start
in your hair on your face that you start
in your hair on your face that you start to miss after certain period of time and
to miss after certain period of time and
to miss after certain period of time and so I mean these little unexpected things
so I mean these little unexpected things
so I mean these little unexpected things crop up so what was the view like well
crop up so what was the view like well
crop up so what was the view like well this is actually a view outside one of
this is actually a view outside one of
this is actually a view outside one of our kitchen windows and we’ve got this
our kitchen windows and we’ve got this
our kitchen windows and we’ve got this fantastic desert bathroom and I think
fantastic desert bathroom and I think
fantastic desert bathroom and I think although it’s incredibly beautiful
although it’s incredibly beautiful
although it’s incredibly beautiful because we’ve essentially cut off from
because we’ve essentially cut off from
because we’ve essentially cut off from the wall for weeks at a time and then
the wall for weeks at a time and then
the wall for weeks at a time and then they had a very low bandwidth satellite
they had a very low bandwidth satellite
they had a very low bandwidth satellite connection that was a link to the
connection that was a link to the
connection that was a link to the outside world you really didn’t have to
outside world you really didn’t have to
outside world you really didn’t have to rely on your teammates for that sense of
rely on your teammates for that sense of
rely on your teammates for that sense of sort of human companionship so what was
sort of human companionship so what was
sort of human companionship so what was the food like well one of the big
the food like well one of the big
the food like well one of the big challenges for going to space is
challenges for going to space is
challenges for going to space is actually very expensive to get anything
actually very expensive to get anything
actually very expensive to get anything from here on earth into space so if I
from here on earth into space so if I
from here on earth into space so if I had a kilogram of food with me here and
had a kilogram of food with me here and
had a kilogram of food with me here and beyond I wanted to get it
beyond I wanted to get it
beyond I wanted to get it International Space Station which is
International Space Station which is
International Space Station which is only about 400 kilometres above us in
only about 400 kilometres above us in
only about 400 kilometres above us in orbit it cost us around 10,000 euros to
orbit it cost us around 10,000 euros to
orbit it cost us around 10,000 euros to do that now a large amount of food the
do that now a large amount of food the
do that now a large amount of food the weight that it actually comes from water
weight that it actually comes from water
weight that it actually comes from water so because we’re looking up ways of
so because we’re looking up ways of
so because we’re looking up ways of actually dehydrating or freeze-drying
actually dehydrating or freeze-drying
actually dehydrating or freeze-drying the food to try and get the weight down
the food to try and get the weight down
the food to try and get the weight down as much as possible while also
as much as possible while also
as much as possible while also increasing its shelf life and so couple
increasing its shelf life and so couple
increasing its shelf life and so couple of examples freeze-dried strawberries
of examples freeze-dried strawberries
of examples freeze-dried strawberries and then this matching bacon mix it was
and then this matching bacon mix it was
and then this matching bacon mix it was a British person myself but quite a home
a British person myself but quite a home
a British person myself but quite a home that they were just missing the Big
that they were just missing the Big
that they were just missing the Big Dance so it does still taste pretty
Dance so it does still taste pretty
Dance so it does still taste pretty similar but it definitely does need one
similar but it definitely does need one
similar but it definitely does need one of the things we’re starting to find by
of the things we’re starting to find by
of the things we’re starting to find by Space Agency in actually conducting
Space Agency in actually conducting
Space Agency in actually conducting through studies at the Masters of
through studies at the Masters of
through studies at the Masters of research centre there’s certainly not
research centre there’s certainly not
research centre there’s certainly not the feedback we’re getting from
the feedback we’re getting from
the feedback we’re getting from astronauts onboard the International
astronauts onboard the International
astronauts onboard the International Space Station is it seems like you have
Space Station is it seems like you have
Space Station is it seems like you have a psychological need for food as well as
a psychological need for food as well as
a psychological need for food as well as a physical one and certainly it seems
a physical one and certainly it seems
a physical one and certainly it seems like we need to be a certain amount of
like we need to be a certain amount of
like we need to be a certain amount of leafy green projects in order just to
leafy green projects in order just to
leafy green projects in order just to maintain a sort of a healthy sense of
maintain a sort of a healthy sense of
maintain a sort of a healthy sense of well-being so it’s quite likely that
well-being so it’s quite likely that
well-being so it’s quite likely that even if we can get enough calories from
even if we can get enough calories from
even if we can get enough calories from here on earth to whatever a traveling to
here on earth to whatever a traveling to
here on earth to whatever a traveling to we’re going to need to grow some plants
we’re going to need to grow some plants
we’re going to need to grow some plants along the way just to keep us healthy
along the way just to keep us healthy
along the way just to keep us healthy and happy so what was the view like at
and happy so what was the view like at
and happy so what was the view like at night well because we’re a basement and
night well because we’re a basement and
night well because we’re a basement and the factory in a very isolated
the factory in a very isolated
the factory in a very isolated environment there was basically no light
environment there was basically no light
environment there was basically no light pollution and even the fact the
pollution and even the fact the
pollution and even the fact the moonlight was blocked out because of a
moonlight was blocked out because of a
moonlight was blocked out because of a rock features that surrounded us so you
rock features that surrounded us so you
rock features that surrounded us so you basically have this crystal-clear portal
basically have this crystal-clear portal
basically have this crystal-clear portal from where we were standing on the
from where we were standing on the
from where we were standing on the ground all the way up until the Milky
ground all the way up until the Milky
ground all the way up until the Milky Way and which eventually just see with
Way and which eventually just see with
Way and which eventually just see with your naked eye and standing outside I
your naked eye and standing outside I
your naked eye and standing outside I remember one particularly special
remember one particularly special
remember one particularly special with our crewmates are you listening to
with our crewmates are you listening to
with our crewmates are you listening to the interstellar soundtrack just gazing
the interstellar soundtrack just gazing
the interstellar soundtrack just gazing up in our spacesuits of this incredible
up in our spacesuits of this incredible
up in our spacesuits of this incredible backdrop and it really didn’t feel like
backdrop and it really didn’t feel like
backdrop and it really didn’t feel like something of a sci-fi film there’s
something of a sci-fi film there’s
something of a sci-fi film there’s certainly something that I don’t think
certainly something that I don’t think
certainly something that I don’t think we forget as a team so we’re very lucky
we forget as a team so we’re very lucky
we forget as a team so we’re very lucky on our team because we also actually had
on our team because we also actually had
on our team because we also actually had a professional space photographer with
a professional space photographer with
a professional space photographer with us Cassie Kloss who travels the world
us Cassie Kloss who travels the world
us Cassie Kloss who travels the world basically taking photos of different
basically taking photos of different
basically taking photos of different most informations that are going on now
most informations that are going on now
most informations that are going on now she took this fantastic photo at night
she took this fantastic photo at night
she took this fantastic photo at night which basically show you the cocoon of
which basically show you the cocoon of
which basically show you the cocoon of life now typically this is Jeremy filled
life now typically this is Jeremy filled
life now typically this is Jeremy filled with scientists researchers and
with scientists researchers and
with scientists researchers and engineers however there’s a large other
engineers however there’s a large other
engineers however there’s a large other group of scientists that are also
group of scientists that are also
group of scientists that are also conducting research that doesn’t
conducting research that doesn’t
conducting research that doesn’t directly relate what’s in the space
directly relate what’s in the space
directly relate what’s in the space vector however has a large amount of
vector however has a large amount of
vector however has a large amount of application the kind of challenges that
application the kind of challenges that
application the kind of challenges that we’re gonna face and this is that in the
we’re gonna face and this is that in the
we’re gonna face and this is that in the form of Antarctic researchers so this is
form of Antarctic researchers so this is
form of Antarctic researchers so this is a picture of a British Antarctic Survey
a picture of a British Antarctic Survey
a picture of a British Antarctic Survey is any research station and you can see
is any research station and you can see
is any research station and you can see here it’s broken down into this modular
here it’s broken down into this modular
here it’s broken down into this modular format which basically means that if
format which basically means that if
format which basically means that if there’s a problem in one particular
there’s a problem in one particular
there’s a problem in one particular section of the habitat it can be
section of the habitat it can be
section of the habitat it can be isolated so doesn’t spread to the rest
isolated so doesn’t spread to the rest
isolated so doesn’t spread to the rest of it and certainly because they’re in
of it and certainly because they’re in
of it and certainly because they’re in such an isolated environment a lot of
such an isolated environment a lot of
such an isolated environment a lot of the things that we can start to learn
the things that we can start to learn
the things that we can start to learn from people that operate here you can
from people that operate here you can
from people that operate here you can also apply it to what Britain and in
also apply it to what Britain and in
also apply it to what Britain and in this basis one of the projects of these
this basis one of the projects of these
this basis one of the projects of these research stations is the permanent Scott
research stations is the permanent Scott
research stations is the permanent Scott Research Station which is run by the
Research Station which is run by the
Research Station which is run by the United States now one of the greatest
United States now one of the greatest
United States now one of the greatest challenges of being in such a remote
challenges of being in such a remote
challenges of being in such a remote environment easier to actually have
environment easier to actually have
environment easier to actually have access to normal medical facilities like
access to normal medical facilities like
access to normal medical facilities like he would
he would
he would parts of Earth there was a particularly
parts of Earth there was a particularly
parts of Earth there was a particularly unfortunate and very serious medical
unfortunate and very serious medical
unfortunate and very serious medical incident that actually took place on
incident that actually took place on
incident that actually took place on this station and certainly we in the
this station and certainly we in the
this station and certainly we in the space act of trying to learn as much as
space act of trying to learn as much as
space act of trying to learn as much as possible from these types of situations
possible from these types of situations
possible from these types of situations to make sure they’re a couple together
to make sure they’re a couple together
to make sure they’re a couple together that was actually involving a personal
that was actually involving a personal
that was actually involving a personal hero of mine
hero of mine
hero of mine the late dr. Gerry Fitzgerald and during
the late dr. Gerry Fitzgerald and during
the late dr. Gerry Fitzgerald and during it the winter months at the Antarctic
it the winter months at the Antarctic
it the winter months at the Antarctic research station she was actually the
research station she was actually the
research station she was actually the only doctor because during the winter
only doctor because during the winter
only doctor because during the winter months they typically have what they
months they typically have what they
months they typically have what they call a skeleton crew which is basically
call a skeleton crew which is basically
call a skeleton crew which is basically the bare bones needed to keep the
the bare bones needed to keep the
the bare bones needed to keep the station running and after the last plane
station running and after the last plane
station running and after the last plane of left and there was no transport going
of left and there was no transport going
of left and there was no transport going back and forth between the center and
back and forth between the center and
back and forth between the center and the main base she actually realized that
the main base she actually realized that
the main base she actually realized that she had a small lump in her breast
she had a small lump in her breast
she had a small lump in her breast and she didn’t know what it was at first
and she didn’t know what it was at first
and she didn’t know what it was at first obviously well it might be the worst and
obviously well it might be the worst and
obviously well it might be the worst and what we had to do is she had to conduct
what we had to do is she had to conduct
what we had to do is she had to conduct a home biopsy on herself and because it
a home biopsy on herself and because it
a home biopsy on herself and because it was no other medical personnel present
was no other medical personnel present
was no other medical personnel present but they didn’t have enough equipment to
but they didn’t have enough equipment to
but they didn’t have enough equipment to actually come up with a precise
actually come up with a precise
actually come up with a precise diagnosis so actually communicating by
diagnosis so actually communicating by
diagnosis so actually communicating by satellite link to the men to the doctors
satellite link to the men to the doctors
satellite link to the men to the doctors in the United States they arranged for a
in the United States they arranged for a
in the United States they arranged for a military transport craft
military transport craft
military transport craft Sorachi parachutes an airdrop in those
Sorachi parachutes an airdrop in those
Sorachi parachutes an airdrop in those diagnosis as well as chemotherapy
diagnosis as well as chemotherapy
diagnosis as well as chemotherapy equipment and she actually was able to
equipment and she actually was able to
equipment and she actually was able to use his equipment and train up my
use his equipment and train up my
use his equipment and train up my colleagues to actually eventually it
colleagues to actually eventually it
colleagues to actually eventually it didn’t actually had breast cancer she
didn’t actually had breast cancer she
didn’t actually had breast cancer she went into remission and I can’t even
went into remission and I can’t even
went into remission and I can’t even begin to imagine
must be and it’s really due to the
must be and it’s really due to the bravery of people like this and the
bravery of people like this and the
bravery of people like this and the situations the color that we can learn
situations the color that we can learn
situations the color that we can learn how to prevent these from happening
how to prevent these from happening
how to prevent these from happening again
again
again I think there’s always going to be a
I think there’s always going to be a
I think there’s always going to be a certain inherent risk when we’re going
certain inherent risk when we’re going
certain inherent risk when we’re going out and really pushing the boundaries of
out and really pushing the boundaries of
out and really pushing the boundaries of exploration but I think in this a sense
exploration but I think in this a sense
exploration but I think in this a sense that we have very deep and profound
that we have very deep and profound
that we have very deep and profound responsibility to make sure we can learn
responsibility to make sure we can learn
responsibility to make sure we can learn as much as we can from these situations
as much as we can from these situations
as much as we can from these situations to ensure that when we do eventually
to ensure that when we do eventually
to ensure that when we do eventually make that giant leap that we as prepared
make that giant leap that we as prepared
make that giant leap that we as prepared as possible and that the people are in a
as possible and that the people are in a
as possible and that the people are in a safe as hands as we can careful I think
safe as hands as we can careful I think
safe as hands as we can careful I think doing a manned mission to Mars would be
doing a manned mission to Mars would be
doing a manned mission to Mars would be an incredibly profound Expedition for us
an incredibly profound Expedition for us
an incredibly profound Expedition for us to undertake as a human race and there
to undertake as a human race and there
to undertake as a human race and there are a huge number of benefits of sending
are a huge number of benefits of sending
are a huge number of benefits of sending humans though particularly when it comes
humans though particularly when it comes
humans though particularly when it comes to unlocking some of the scientific
to unlocking some of the scientific
to unlocking some of the scientific secrets with Mars fault to give you some
secrets with Mars fault to give you some
secrets with Mars fault to give you some sense of an idea the current best roofer
sense of an idea the current best roofer
sense of an idea the current best roofer that we have today has a top speed of
that we have today has a top speed of
that we have today has a top speed of around five centimeters per second and
around five centimeters per second and
around five centimeters per second and when Mars is farthest away from Earth
when Mars is farthest away from Earth
when Mars is farthest away from Earth there can be up to a 44 minutes
there can be up to a 44 minutes
there can be up to a 44 minutes communication delay between getting a
communication delay between getting a
communication delay between getting a signal from Mars to earth and then back
signal from Mars to earth and then back
signal from Mars to earth and then back again
again
again so actually have any human biologist or
so actually have any human biologist or
so actually have any human biologist or a human geologist actually on the
a human geologist actually on the
a human geologist actually on the surface of Mars itself where their human
surface of Mars itself where their human
surface of Mars itself where their human intuition be now to explore the
intuition be now to explore the
intuition be now to explore the environment it would go a huge way to
environment it would go a huge way to
environment it would go a huge way to actually unlocking some of the
actually unlocking some of the
actually unlocking some of the scientific secrets
you
you [Applause]
”
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