Fusion in the Sun and on Earth | Chuan Sheng Liu | TEDxUniversityofMacau

good evening it was so inspiring to hear

good evening it was so inspiring to hear cherry story everything is possible

cherry story everything is possible

cherry story everything is possible including future when we hear the words

including future when we hear the words

including future when we hear the words of force I’m a physicist the first thing

of force I’m a physicist the first thing

of force I’m a physicist the first thing came to my mind is the forces of nature

came to my mind is the forces of nature

came to my mind is the forces of nature the gravitational force the

the gravitational force the

the gravitational force the electromagnetic force and the nuclear

electromagnetic force and the nuclear

electromagnetic force and the nuclear forces strong and weak so today I’ll

forces strong and weak so today I’ll

forces strong and weak so today I’ll tell you the story of fusion my own

tell you the story of fusion my own

tell you the story of fusion my own story and I think it is possible just

story and I think it is possible just

story and I think it is possible just like cherry said I’ve been working on

like cherry said I’ve been working on

like cherry said I’ve been working on fusion for 50 years 40 years also as a

fusion for 50 years 40 years also as a

fusion for 50 years 40 years also as a professor of physics the story really

professor of physics the story really

professor of physics the story really started with Einstein a hundred years

started with Einstein a hundred years

started with Einstein a hundred years ago he proposed this little formuler

ago he proposed this little formuler

ago he proposed this little formuler called a equal to MC square have you all

called a equal to MC square have you all

called a equal to MC square have you all seen it before yes but this is amazing

seen it before yes but this is amazing

seen it before yes but this is amazing it says inertia is energy how could that

it says inertia is energy how could that

it says inertia is energy how could that be possible inertia is a measure of mass

be possible inertia is a measure of mass

be possible inertia is a measure of mass how heavy it is cetera energy is the

how heavy it is cetera energy is the

how heavy it is cetera energy is the measure of motion how can something

measure of motion how can something

measure of motion how can something measure the inertia be also a measure of

measure the inertia be also a measure of

measure the inertia be also a measure of motion this is a great equation but this

motion this is a great equation but this

motion this is a great equation but this equation is the result of connecting

equation is the result of connecting

equation is the result of connecting space and time connecting mass and

space and time connecting mass and

space and time connecting mass and motion with this equation we realize

motion with this equation we realize

motion with this equation we realize that is possible to have a nuclear force

that is possible to have a nuclear force

that is possible to have a nuclear force that produces nuclear

that produces nuclear

that produces nuclear energy first nuclear fission does the

energy first nuclear fission does the

energy first nuclear fission does the energy of atomic bomb also the energy

energy of atomic bomb also the energy

energy of atomic bomb also the energy for the present nuclear reactor the

for the present nuclear reactor the

for the present nuclear reactor the second is nuclear fusion that’s the

second is nuclear fusion that’s the

second is nuclear fusion that’s the energy of the Sun on earth is the energy

energy of the Sun on earth is the energy

energy of the Sun on earth is the energy of the h-bomb we a group of physicists

of the h-bomb we a group of physicists

of the h-bomb we a group of physicists and engineers have worked on to control

and engineers have worked on to control

and engineers have worked on to control fusion on earth that is how to make this

fusion on earth that is how to make this

fusion on earth that is how to make this explosive force for peace for use to

explosive force for peace for use to

explosive force for peace for use to generate electricity can you imagine the

generate electricity can you imagine the

generate electricity can you imagine the world without electricity maybe sometime

world without electricity maybe sometime

world without electricity maybe sometime in this century the fossil fuel which

in this century the fossil fuel which

in this century the fossil fuel which produce most of them electricity today

produce most of them electricity today

produce most of them electricity today will be exhausted and then for the next

will be exhausted and then for the next

will be exhausted and then for the next so we must look for alternate energy the

so we must look for alternate energy the

so we must look for alternate energy the most plan for the ultimate energy source

most plan for the ultimate energy source

most plan for the ultimate energy source for mankind which is both clean and safe

for mankind which is both clean and safe

for mankind which is both clean and safe is the nuclear fusion energy but it’s

is the nuclear fusion energy but it’s

is the nuclear fusion energy but it’s the dream still with the dream we’ve

the dream still with the dream we’ve

the dream still with the dream we’ve been working on so to control Fusion is

been working on so to control Fusion is

been working on so to control Fusion is the story I want to tell you I started

the story I want to tell you I started

the story I want to tell you I started working seriously on the theory of to

working seriously on the theory of to

working seriously on the theory of to control fusion when I was at institute

control fusion when I was at institute

control fusion when I was at institute for advanced study does where Einstein

for advanced study does where Einstein

for advanced study does where Einstein spent most of his letter life more than

spent most of his letter life more than

spent most of his letter life more than 20 years in this place a little place

20 years in this place a little place

20 years in this place a little place where we all work very free no paper to

where we all work very free no paper to

where we all work very free no paper to write no pressure no exams no students

write no pressure no exams no students

write no pressure no exams no students no courses with the perfect freedom we

no courses with the perfect freedom we

no courses with the perfect freedom we have to work very hard because we had

have to work very hard because we had

have to work very hard because we had the thing deeply and I was very

the thing deeply and I was very

the thing deeply and I was very fortunate to work with one of the giant

fortunate to work with one of the giant

fortunate to work with one of the giant in my field he is called the Pope of

in my field he is called the Pope of

in my field he is called the Pope of plasma physics Marshall Rosenberg

plasma physics Marshall Rosenberg

plasma physics Marshall Rosenberg every day we’ll talk a little bit in the

every day we’ll talk a little bit in the

every day we’ll talk a little bit in the morning over the tea and chat everything

morning over the tea and chat everything

morning over the tea and chat everything and then in the evening we’ll compare

and then in the evening we’ll compare

and then in the evening we’ll compare notes what we have produced during the

notes what we have produced during the

notes what we have produced during the day and every day and out so that’s four

day and every day and out so that’s four

day and every day and out so that’s four years I spent at institute was the most

years I spent at institute was the most

years I spent at institute was the most productive years of my life and I wish

productive years of my life and I wish

productive years of my life and I wish would increase that your Institute such

would increase that your Institute such

would increase that your Institute such atmosphere here in the University of

atmosphere here in the University of

atmosphere here in the University of Macau my next-door neighbor in the

Macau my next-door neighbor in the

Macau my next-door neighbor in the Institute works on the solar neutrinos

Institute works on the solar neutrinos

Institute works on the solar neutrinos does the story of the energy of the Sun

does the story of the energy of the Sun

does the story of the energy of the Sun do you wonder why the sun shining an

do you wonder why the sun shining an

do you wonder why the sun shining an earthen spot because the Sun is half a

earthen spot because the Sun is half a

earthen spot because the Sun is half a million times heavier than Earth and the

million times heavier than Earth and the

million times heavier than Earth and the gravitational pull is so strong does the

gravitational pull is so strong does the

gravitational pull is so strong does the center of the Sun 15 million degrees are

center of the Sun 15 million degrees are

center of the Sun 15 million degrees are higher and fusions that is possible in

higher and fusions that is possible in

higher and fusions that is possible in the course of Sun we have the process in

the course of Sun we have the process in

the course of Sun we have the process in which four protons through fusion can

which four protons through fusion can

which four protons through fusion can turn into a helium in the process

turn into a helium in the process

turn into a helium in the process tremendous among energy is released to

tremendous among energy is released to

tremendous among energy is released to heat up the whole tongue including the

heat up the whole tongue including the

heat up the whole tongue including the service and the services son we called

service and the services son we called

service and the services son we called solar radiations the heat energy from

solar radiations the heat energy from

solar radiations the heat energy from the service that’s the solar radiation

the service that’s the solar radiation

the service that’s the solar radiation powered the whole earth including the

powered the whole earth including the

powered the whole earth including the plan than the life we have but the most

plan than the life we have but the most

plan than the life we have but the most remarkable is the little neutrino coming

remarkable is the little neutrino coming

remarkable is the little neutrino coming out in fact the only way we know that

out in fact the only way we know that

out in fact the only way we know that the Sun is burning the fusion fire is by

the Sun is burning the fusion fire is by

the Sun is burning the fusion fire is by detecting the neutrinos that’s a

detecting the neutrinos that’s a

detecting the neutrinos that’s a difficult job lonely detected in the

difficult job lonely detected in the

difficult job lonely detected in the beginning of the century in 2002 Jack

beginning of the century in 2002 Jack

beginning of the century in 2002 Jack Davis & Co sheba when the Nobel Prize

Davis & Co sheba when the Nobel Prize

Davis & Co sheba when the Nobel Prize for detecting solar neutrino so we know

for detecting solar neutrino so we know

for detecting solar neutrino so we know the Sun is burning because of fusion

the Sun is burning because of fusion

the Sun is burning because of fusion same with all the star

same with all the star

same with all the star shining on earth we had already

shining on earth we had already

shining on earth we had already demonstrated fusion possible because the

demonstrated fusion possible because the

demonstrated fusion possible because the h-bomb so in 1952 H bomb exploded an

h-bomb so in 1952 H bomb exploded an

h-bomb so in 1952 H bomb exploded an h-bomb is more than 1,000 times the

h-bomb is more than 1,000 times the

h-bomb is more than 1,000 times the power of atomic bomb and now we have

power of atomic bomb and now we have

power of atomic bomb and now we have over 10,000 H banks in the world it can

over 10,000 H banks in the world it can

over 10,000 H banks in the world it can destroy our world many many times over

destroy our world many many times over

destroy our world many many times over but fortunately scientists all over the

but fortunately scientists all over the

but fortunately scientists all over the world are working together for

world are working together for

world are working together for controlled fusion to contain the

controlled fusion to contain the

controlled fusion to contain the terrible energy of explosion for

terrible energy of explosion for

terrible energy of explosion for peaceful use I was lucky I worked in the

peaceful use I was lucky I worked in the

peaceful use I was lucky I worked in the general atomic in San Diego for five

general atomic in San Diego for five

general atomic in San Diego for five years as a director of theory division

years as a director of theory division

years as a director of theory division here is the most advanced form of a

here is the most advanced form of a

here is the most advanced form of a magnetic bottle to contain the very high

magnetic bottle to contain the very high

magnetic bottle to contain the very high temperature plasma for fusion and this

temperature plasma for fusion and this

temperature plasma for fusion and this is the Chinese version of a tokamak

is the Chinese version of a tokamak

is the Chinese version of a tokamak called East where I’ve been the director

called East where I’ve been the director

called East where I’ve been the director of their International Advisory

of their International Advisory

of their International Advisory Committee the chairman for the last

Committee the chairman for the last

Committee the chairman for the last decade this is the most amazing story of

decade this is the most amazing story of

decade this is the most amazing story of a superconducting magnetic field which

a superconducting magnetic field which

a superconducting magnetic field which need almost minus 270 degrees below zero

need almost minus 270 degrees below zero

need almost minus 270 degrees below zero to contain a hundred million degree

to contain a hundred million degree

to contain a hundred million degree plasma inside but our Chinese colleague

plasma inside but our Chinese colleague

plasma inside but our Chinese colleague in hefei was able to do it because the

in hefei was able to do it because the

in hefei was able to do it because the able directorship of legion Gong a and

able directorship of legion Gong a and

able directorship of legion Gong a and his predecessors there are the most

his predecessors there are the most

his predecessors there are the most amazing leaders of Chinese fusion

amazing leaders of Chinese fusion

amazing leaders of Chinese fusion efforts this is what wouldn’t happen in

efforts this is what wouldn’t happen in

efforts this is what wouldn’t happen in the next four years it’s called

the next four years it’s called

the next four years it’s called international thermo nuclear testing

international thermo nuclear testing

international thermo nuclear testing reactor either this is the collaborative

reactor either this is the collaborative

reactor either this is the collaborative effort of all the countries in Europe

effort of all the countries in Europe

effort of all the countries in Europe EU + America + China + India + Japan all

EU + America + China + India + Japan all

EU + America + China + India + Japan all working together to build us probably

working together to build us probably

working together to build us probably the most expensive piece of scientific

the most expensive piece of scientific

the most expensive piece of scientific installation and it costs about over to

installation and it costs about over to

installation and it costs about over to 20 billion euros and you will finish

20 billion euros and you will finish

20 billion euros and you will finish four years from now and then in within

four years from now and then in within

four years from now and then in within 20 years we hope to have the ignition

20 years we hope to have the ignition

20 years we hope to have the ignition the lighting of the fusion fire where we

the lighting of the fusion fire where we

the lighting of the fusion fire where we hope the fusion will produce more power

hope the fusion will produce more power

hope the fusion will produce more power than the energy will put in to heat up

than the energy will put in to heat up

than the energy will put in to heat up the plasma so does the timeline of

the plasma so does the timeline of

the plasma so does the timeline of either so with either we hope eventually

either so with either we hope eventually

either so with either we hope eventually with all the really collective ever of

with all the really collective ever of

with all the really collective ever of thousands of scientists and engineers

thousands of scientists and engineers

thousands of scientists and engineers were why we will be able to demonstrate

were why we will be able to demonstrate

were why we will be able to demonstrate the there’s no scientific obstacle on a

the there’s no scientific obstacle on a

the there’s no scientific obstacle on a road to fusion and then when’s

road to fusion and then when’s

road to fusion and then when’s demonstrated we’ll build a demo with it

demonstrated we’ll build a demo with it

demonstrated we’ll build a demo with it successful we can then proceed to build

successful we can then proceed to build

successful we can then proceed to build a fusion reactor with enough engineering

a fusion reactor with enough engineering

a fusion reactor with enough engineering enough material science come along with

enough material science come along with

enough material science come along with it that’s really the dream of next

it that’s really the dream of next

it that’s really the dream of next generation hopefully this will be the

generation hopefully this will be the

generation hopefully this will be the energy to power the 21st century modern

energy to power the 21st century modern

energy to power the 21st century modern world why is fusion so desirable well

world why is fusion so desirable well

world why is fusion so desirable well first of all is unlimited the fuel is

first of all is unlimited the fuel is

first of all is unlimited the fuel is from the heavy water from the sea when

from the heavy water from the sea when

from the heavy water from the sea when we attract the heavy hydrogen from the

we attract the heavy hydrogen from the

we attract the heavy hydrogen from the water we can turn one gallon of water

water we can turn one gallon of water

water we can turn one gallon of water sea water into the energy equivalent of

sea water into the energy equivalent of

sea water into the energy equivalent of 300 gallon of gasoline is basically

300 gallon of gasoline is basically

300 gallon of gasoline is basically unlimited

second is failsafe if something wrong

second is failsafe if something wrong with the fusion reactor is temperature

with the fusion reactor is temperature

with the fusion reactor is temperature cannot be high saying without work

cannot be high saying without work

cannot be high saying without work anymore so therefore instant Ranger gay

anymore so therefore instant Ranger gay

anymore so therefore instant Ranger gay failsafe and thirdly of course it

failsafe and thirdly of course it

failsafe and thirdly of course it produced no co2 emission so you avoid

produced no co2 emission so you avoid

produced no co2 emission so you avoid the greenhouse effect and finally is

the greenhouse effect and finally is

the greenhouse effect and finally is about 1,000 times less radioactive than

about 1,000 times less radioactive than

about 1,000 times less radioactive than the present nuclear reactor so with this

the present nuclear reactor so with this

the present nuclear reactor so with this I think it would be really ideal energy

I think it would be really ideal energy

I think it would be really ideal energy source for mankind but I’m Way too it is

source for mankind but I’m Way too it is

source for mankind but I’m Way too it is still a long long way to go with many

still a long long way to go with many

still a long long way to go with many scientific technical problems it will

scientific technical problems it will

scientific technical problems it will take truly international collaborations

take truly international collaborations

take truly international collaborations so I would say in order to achieve

so I would say in order to achieve

so I would say in order to achieve fusion we need not only the fusion of

fusion we need not only the fusion of

fusion we need not only the fusion of new client we need the fusion of people

new client we need the fusion of people

new client we need the fusion of people of cultures of religions of people can

of cultures of religions of people can

of cultures of religions of people can really of all different background have

really of all different background have

really of all different background have worked together in my 50 years working

worked together in my 50 years working

worked together in my 50 years working in a few of fusion I find is really most

in a few of fusion I find is really most

in a few of fusion I find is really most satisfying to be able to work with most

satisfying to be able to work with most

satisfying to be able to work with most brilliant minds of the world

brilliant minds of the world

brilliant minds of the world internationally regardless their

internationally regardless their

internationally regardless their background and we have the common

background and we have the common

background and we have the common purpose that is to create the energy for

purpose that is to create the energy for

purpose that is to create the energy for the future generation it’s certainly I

the future generation it’s certainly I

the future generation it’s certainly I would not be able to see in my lifetime

would not be able to see in my lifetime

would not be able to see in my lifetime the use of fusion but i hope i can see

the use of fusion but i hope i can see

the use of fusion but i hope i can see the lighting of the fusion fire now in

the lighting of the fusion fire now in

the lighting of the fusion fire now in order to end this the infusion to make

order to end this the infusion to make

order to end this the infusion to make it work we have to understand the basic

it work we have to understand the basic

it work we have to understand the basic physics underlying the fusion process

physics underlying the fusion process

physics underlying the fusion process and also the physics for the fusion

and also the physics for the fusion

and also the physics for the fusion environment that’s called plasma plasma

environment that’s called plasma plasma

environment that’s called plasma plasma is the fourth state of matter solid will

is the fourth state of matter solid will

is the fourth state of matter solid will heat up the solid become water he is a

heat up the solid become water he is a

heat up the solid become water he is a water it becomes waiver

water it becomes waiver

water it becomes waiver and when you heat up the vapor you

and when you heat up the vapor you

and when you heat up the vapor you become ionized gas and that’s plasma so

become ionized gas and that’s plasma so

become ionized gas and that’s plasma so plasma is the state of fire a cosmic

plasma is the state of fire a cosmic

plasma is the state of fire a cosmic fire 99% of her visible universe is in

fire 99% of her visible universe is in

fire 99% of her visible universe is in this state so 30 some years ago I was

this state so 30 some years ago I was

this state so 30 some years ago I was most proud of myself because I’m one of

most proud of myself because I’m one of

most proud of myself because I’m one of the master of plasma physics I endeth

the master of plasma physics I endeth

the master of plasma physics I endeth the understand more the universe than

the understand more the universe than

the understand more the universe than most of any other people but then over

most of any other people but then over

most of any other people but then over the last 30 years we learn actually the

the last 30 years we learn actually the

the last 30 years we learn actually the universe is so much unknown that there’s

universe is so much unknown that there’s

universe is so much unknown that there’s dark matter maybe twenty three percent

dark matter maybe twenty three percent

dark matter maybe twenty three percent of universe is in the form of dark

of universe is in the form of dark

of universe is in the form of dark matter and then there’s dark energy

matter and then there’s dark energy

matter and then there’s dark energy because exceeding at the very distant

because exceeding at the very distant

because exceeding at the very distant part of universe is moving faster

part of universe is moving faster

part of universe is moving faster accelerating and that can only be

accelerating and that can only be

accelerating and that can only be hounded by without dark energy the dark

hounded by without dark energy the dark

hounded by without dark energy the dark means we don’t understand so we’re

means we don’t understand so we’re

means we don’t understand so we’re ignorant what they are be it energy or

ignorant what they are be it energy or

ignorant what they are be it energy or matter so seventy-six percent of

matter so seventy-six percent of

matter so seventy-six percent of universe we know nothing about them only

universe we know nothing about them only

universe we know nothing about them only four percent are the visible universe

four percent are the visible universe

four percent are the visible universe the Sun the Stars the intergalactic

the Sun the Stars the intergalactic

the Sun the Stars the intergalactic gases cetera so you can see actually so

gases cetera so you can see actually so

gases cetera so you can see actually so happy there’s so many young people here

happy there’s so many young people here

happy there’s so many young people here you have such a huge friend here to

you have such a huge friend here to

you have such a huge friend here to explore in science and you have so much

explore in science and you have so much

explore in science and you have so much to do to bring the energy of unlimited

to do to bring the energy of unlimited

to do to bring the energy of unlimited and cling to the world for Humanity so

and cling to the world for Humanity so

and cling to the world for Humanity so there’s a great deal we can do together

there’s a great deal we can do together

there’s a great deal we can do together for the purpose of fusion and really in

for the purpose of fusion and really in

for the purpose of fusion and really in order to do that you have to discipline

order to do that you have to discipline

order to do that you have to discipline yourself just like cherry had done you

yourself just like cherry had done you

yourself just like cherry had done you have to make yourself a big dream to

have to make yourself a big dream to

have to make yourself a big dream to release your most creative potential

release your most creative potential

release your most creative potential because young people you have the real

because young people you have the real

because young people you have the real you are the real force of the

you are the real force of the

you are the real force of the future and I’ve witnesses the force of

future and I’ve witnesses the force of

future and I’ve witnesses the force of collective brainpower when two people

collective brainpower when two people

collective brainpower when two people are three working together it can be so

are three working together it can be so

are three working together it can be so creative so I think each one of you are

creative so I think each one of you are

creative so I think each one of you are the most can be the most creative genius

the most can be the most creative genius

the most can be the most creative genius if you work together in an environment

if you work together in an environment

if you work together in an environment that is free and nourishing that’s why

that is free and nourishing that’s why

that is free and nourishing that’s why we’re here at University of Macau try to

we’re here at University of Macau try to

we’re here at University of Macau try to produce a vironment like the Institute

produce a vironment like the Institute

produce a vironment like the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton where

for Advanced Study in Princeton where

for Advanced Study in Princeton where student and faculty and all can be very

student and faculty and all can be very

student and faculty and all can be very free to explore the that unknown learn

free to explore the that unknown learn

free to explore the that unknown learn about the society learn about nature in

about the society learn about nature in

about the society learn about nature in a way that can fully release your

a way that can fully release your

a way that can fully release your creative energy make the Macau the most

creative energy make the Macau the most

creative energy make the Macau the most creative place on earth thank you

creative place on earth thank you

creative place on earth thank you [Applause]