these days let’s start today something
optimists and we go with good news
which are for example in the year 2016
Solar electricity in Mexico
presented lower gas prices
natural
I’m almost certain that many of you
they did not know is to say today is
cheaper solar energy in the a in
this year around March in the great
britain there were days where it was generated
much more solar energy on the roofs
in Britain that the one used
at night by hydrocarbons on 5
April of this year we inaugurated the
first thermosolar dehydrating plant
of chiles in zacatecas
the good news of this since it was
made by Mexican developments with
Mexican devices with devices
Mexicans
another good news is that for example the
day May 8 this year in germany
more electricity was produced by sources
renewable than hydrocarbons
they are reaching 85 percent
of renewable
this is the good news but what
that we have suffered lately is
really a climate change
anthropogenic for all it is clear that
the temperature of the planet is
going up and it’s causing every time
more extreme events like those that
we are suffering melt the
glaciers the populist no longer has them
What about this
this is produced by
fundamentally because of the excessive use of
energy and the excessive use of
Energy is fundamentally realized
in the united states it is the country that
consumes energy per capita of the world
it’s more it consumes almost twice as much
energy per capita of another country as
Germany instead the countries
Latin Americans
we use the order of a quarter of the
energy that an average person in
U.S
this way of using energy
this way in which hydrocarbons
They have allowed us developed a
economic development for all
we can not say that it is a
equal equal development
for all
in fact in our country it is
tremendously inequitable in Mexico
more than 50 percent of the population
lives below the poverty line
this is not the case in Peru where
only 30% or brazil 10
hundred
is more we have in 2016 more
poor in our country in venezuela in
proportional way
these data are really devastating
from my point of view and explain
many things the use of energy as
is currently
before seeing the use of energy
let me tell you something from the point
from a physicist’s view to try to
explain these inequalities
This is about the fact that oil has
provoked that all of you are going to
use cell phones move
here in subway move in out
from a point of view what is it that
is happening we are following the
natural laws
one of these natural laws what is
the construction law called the postulated
by adrián villán that tells us that
all natural design maximizes flows
and what does that mean to say that the
structure of the root
three of the trees or the structure of
the branches of the trees obey the
rule to maximize the flow of
nutrients from the soil to the leaves and
vice versa when it is transformed into
food or that the circulatory system
from all of you obey the same rule
the idea of maximizing the flow of
blood of the heart to all corners
of our body
that’s what the construct law is to and
he says that this also has the
design of optimal roads not
as from the city of mexico but the
Optimal Maximize Flow
precisely the vehicles and us
how we inspire ourselves in many things and not
we are inspired by nature
we generate an economic system that
maximizes the flow of money maximizing
the flow of money what we do is
that we have what happens in a similar way
with the rivers the rivers the structure
Hydraulics and water forgiveness
our planet what it does is maximize
the water flow of the mountain is
and the flow of money in the economy what
what it does is maximize the flow of money
for a few
we have only big rivers the nile
in the Amazon the rivers in Asia but
we have millions and millions of
rivulets of small rivers
that’s what happens also in the
economy
we have companies or people
that concentrate most of the money
and many very poor and this has
produced the irrational use of the
energy fundamentally in the century
past
let me go back to the other part of the
of the law is that I wanted to tell you
the entropy the entropy is
related to the way in which everything
can reach equilibrium or everything can
be in complete disorder
but one of the things that measures us the most
entropy is the energy that does not
we can use then I can
comment if we produce in own
in fact we are using energy in a
way that we can not go back to
use because our school
they said that energy is not created just
it is transformed but it can be transformed
in a type of energy that no longer
we can use if we produce entropy
then we will not be able to use
felt and the second law of the
thermodynamics in its local form what
tells us is that the production of
entropy is equal to the sum of the
square of the flows in that process
then when we have a process
natural that maximize flows and
maximizes the flows the flow is maximum
Then the production inside feet
maximum then we are wasting
A lot of energy
that’s how natural processes work
that’s how nature works
we are inviting nature
we are in a different form than what
we can then do with this what
yes it is the nature is not efficient
nature is predatory and works
as quickly as possible and that’s what
what they wanted to do with the reform
energetic when they wanted to take out the
oil as quickly as possible
the economy is also inefficient what
what you want to do is cause the flow
of money and get the most the
greater benefit in the shortest time
possible natural systems and
social systems work at maximum
power
then we are doomed not to be
efficient
from my point of view the answer is
we can not do different things because
because we know it because we know it
today and in the energy aspect
What I want to tell you is that the
most efficient way not the fastest
to obtain energy is the use of
renewable energies
renewable are those that are used
at a lower rate than what occurs
for example the solar photovoltaic
as photothermal are the only ica
use of the waves or of the
tides
geothermal use of the
land by the way Mexico was one of the
first countries to use energy
geothermal hydraulics in small
scale can also be very important
bioenergy bioethanol elvio says
all this if done properly
it can also be renewable the wind
the use of the wind
all this is a much more way
efficient that the way in which what
we are using today by
example in the world
80% of the energy comes from
fossil fuels 2% nuclear and 18
of renewables in electricity the
thing improved a little and only the 76 by
hundred of the energy in the world is
produce with fossil fuels and already
24 percent renewable but of the
good news you remember is that
Germany had 85 percent in
our country we do not reach 20% of the
electricity with renewable energy there
more benefits in renewables by
example were generated in the year 2015 8
Millions of new jobs in energy
renewable
the world is changing and is
changing a different way no longer the
there is already the idea is no longer to have plants
large without using the distribution of
renewable energy sources
for example in Germany there are more than one
million companies generating the
happiness in our country there is one and
There are some more
we need to open this possibility in
place of it being only a few
we can change what exists until today
no longer propitiate individual gains
a person’s earnings do not promote the
maximum consumption but consumption
responsable
let’s forget about obsolescence
programmed
let’s generate more distributed options
the good news is that all of you the
today can generate energy
renewable in your home in your office in the
school and what I tell them is cheaper
and today we have to start
change paradigm
we do not have to ask the government to
change the policies
you who are sitting there I
I’m here in front
we can all change paradigms and
start acting act like using
Renewable energy sources in the form
distributed that we need in the first
instead we need to know what kind of
renewable energy is the most appropriate
for a certain place it can not be the
same everywhere
then we have to amalgamate the
traditional knowledge with
scientific knowledge
we can not get to impose solutions
in a place if we do not have to recognize
what the people of that place have
stored in terms of knowledge and
of course the distributed energy
then this will allow us to be
independent and generate products
exchange locally
we have to have innovation based on
knowledge-based science
but this innovation can not be the
same that until today we have used a
innovation that want to maximize the
flow of money for a person
we have to maximize the flow of money
for a society to generate a
social benefit
we have to change and generate business
products or services from and for
society
this can help us renewables
concrete examples in the pool of the
university city
we have six million liters of water
and Mexican university and these are
heat with a thousand solar collectors
decreases emissions to 48 percent
of greenhouse gases
we could do this today
or I came from cuernavaca kyi to the
six in the morning I was taking a bath
with water heated by solar energy
all of us can generate
electricity with renewable sources of
energy in particular in Mexico with
5.5 watts per meter and then to ua
kilowatts per square meter that we
is coming in the in our
regions
we can generate electricity only 16
square meters can produce the
electricity from a high consumption house
16 square meters a bedroom can
generate that electricity too
we can use electric cars
nothing more as a measure a car
electric has roughly one
160 kilometers independence
if we will use them in a day just you
we could give two points seven laps
to the peripheral and we would need only
48 square meters of photovoltaic
to store is doing the calculation
paying the commission commission
federal electricity
today I will not leave half the price
the kilometer traveled that’s not what
we knew
nowadays it is possible to have a mexico
with renewable energies and we do not know
that’s why it’s important that we know
but we have to change the paradigm
we have to use the distribution and
do not think about large generating plants
of electricity each building
every school every office every house
can generate energy for your
functioning
we have to democratize precisely the
knowledge and democratize also
the energy therefore the only thing that
I tell them is that you invited them to use
and to change the paradigm and make them
you responsible for the energy that
are using and in the way that
they will use it and you will depend
the footprint that they leave for future
generations
Thank you
many thanks
[Applause]
[Music]
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