[Applause]
[Music]
[Applause]
there is a very peculiar kind of people
very strange to what we call the
decision makers with people to
those we have chosen have been named
or have been self-appointed to decide the
way the best way for society
or for the family or for a team
sports
the leaders we also call them the
decision is that these people take in
set with others or alone have two
fundamental sources of knowledge
one that provides science or systems
Formal information acquisition
process it and deliver it in a
robust credible and verifiable and other or
otherwise the knowledge that does not
has a clear and corresponding source
really to ignorance
all the decisions of the world there are
take them based on these two
components because it is impossible to know
everything and much less to know everything for
make decisions that are valid
tomorrow we have to decide if we are going to do
this or we will not do it tomorrow with
the knowledge we have and with the
level of ignorance that we have we must
sign peace for example those cases
illustrate what is happening in the
world how truth is built and the
truth is half limited knowledge
ignorance
that’s why we need a new level of
true
one of the recent cases where I’ve
had the opportunity to participate in
Colombia is the delimitation of the
páramos the Colombian congress decided
nearly a decade ago to protect the
high mountain of the Andean region for
guarantee the provision of water to the
Colombian population
there is a premise behind this and that is
the páramos are the regulators of the
water function and that the páramos are
fundamental for the provision of
water supply service and
filtration of water to the whole society
therefore it is a decision that has a
scientific basis and a willingness to
welfare for everyone
hence the need for
identify the páramos to define the
the way of handling and for especially
exclude activities incompatible with
conservation and preservation
Colombia water are mining and
oil extraction and
agricultural activities
they told us football institute do
the maps of the páramos of colombia
with the best science there is to your
easy layout to draw a line in
a map
these are the unemployed the photo they have
you up front corresponds to a
Colombian high mountain landscape and in
the center vein in the population
Santander above there is a great
number of gold mines and below
there is an agricultural landscape transforming
to you ask where the
páramo would start to look at the photo
depending on the criteria with which
they are going to draw the airline at least
it’s complicated if they ‘re not biologists and
ecologists and they are not geomorphologists and they do not
They have a tradition of science as
surely they would judge at first sight
if there is no wilderness or for
individuals the same happens to them and this case
illustrates the difficulty of drawing a
line where there really is not a
radical difference between what is for
me and what is not for me there is a great
amount of conditions that make that
border towards extremely blurred
Well, we bring a franchise
let’s look at an intermediate solution but
legally you can not because a
past the line
all the people who are above
from the line
they must stop doing mining to have
cows or to cultivate and that generates some
very important impacts
therefore the work is not so simple
how it looks
here our friend calvin talking to him
the tiger complains about precisely that
problem and sighs between more one knows
how doctors more complicated is
makes life as soon as you inform yourself
start to see the complexities begin
to see the graduality between the white and
black all shades of gray and
finally be an account that there is no
nothing simple as it appears at first
view
in the end , knowledge paralyzes us
being a man of action I can not
take the luxury of risk throwing me their
books but the tasks and the tiger
you say you are ignorant but at least
you act based on it costs us
a lot of work to make decisions when not
we have complete knowledge we do not
awareness that all of our
decisions
security people and a component
uncertain an unpredictable component and
which is part of the nature of
things that happen like that if everything were
uncertain
I do not know what we would be we would not have
no phoenix and that in the future
no reason to act in the
I presented
If everything was defined, I do not know
what kind of existence
we could therefore have the first
advice is always enjoy our
ignorance and enjoy our
knowledge and how from a glass we can
go filling the other to realize
that all knowledge generates more
ignorance and vice versa does not have to
be a torture
you have to know how to face it in politics
However, this is complicated because
politicians that lives on promises and if
they promise something good they have already learned that
there is no month to fulfill it
if there is a way we had not
provided
the uncertainty they do know is that they do not
we had foreseen the phenomenon of
girl we had not anticipated but it ‘s
The fault of scientists is the fault of the
science that is not good in the
scientists collaborate
scientists from another neighbor but he got
to promise what he could not then
what is the promise the scientists in
about 20 years we have some
suggestion
I waited we processed this data and
we connect a satellite
there ‘s really a break sometimes
among the mechanisms used by
decision makers and the types of
knowledge are required for fact and
that is again normal to the extent
that the future is partially predictable
probabilistically predictable
this may not happen in the days
to come
based on this scenario
but we’re really not going to see it because
It is full of surprises when I
will you tell the history of humanity
they will realize that many of the
developments that have led us to the
way of life that we have today has to
watch with amazing events events
unpredictable and say that we can not
prepare for the future if we can
again combining things there
other spaces of uncertainty or
fuzzy of knowledge a little more
complicated when you see in the photo
of this well-known friend has something
Strange is not so well known something
they did and a doubt begins to be generated
a doubt about the change
if we try to understand from
where the change comes from we have to
look at the theories of evolution not
necessarily the biological evolution
that can cause complications in
some cases for who we are
believers or we are not believers have
contradictions is hard to accept
but we think about the change in the
growth of the company we learn in
the history of a nation we think of
the development of an initiative and
we will see how the initial conditions
are always giving rise to new
conditions and this in turn allows that
the system is feedback
persistently and new ones appear
things
if evolution is a mechanism
whereby the elements of a
system interact with each other and they go
creating things all the time what we
produces anguish is perhaps the
inexorable of the process there are always things
new we always have to give reason to
what’s new but good we can not
stay a little calmer
depending on how we are trained and
how we think the change is more
distressing because it generates uncertainty
because it generates forces us to live in that
Blurry zone without guarantees
there are other people who say or not
welcome the adrenaline
it does not matter that we do not know, we throw ourselves
river to see what happens to gale in science
we talk about different types of
Knowledge knowledge very robust
that comes from experimentation is
repeatable and verifiable by any
person in the same circumstances
but it is not the only knowledge is such
time that we would like to have for
to know if santa faith is going to win this
Sunday not but it turns out that it is impossible
science can not predict people
who spends his life looking at books
of lottery to know it can not be
knowledge the applied science of
the professional consultation
are levels at which I no longer
So much clarity needs so much
to predict
things need to work
relatively well how technology
one has a television that works
relatively well until it’s over
the guarantee
after that man the next and
finally there is knowledge
everyday is what one uses to move
in the world one needs theories to
survive to work to have
really unique families little science and
Make your decisions based on advice
based on instinct based on what
that friends tell him in the end that’s the
science then normal the one that I have a
cream serves you for those wrinkles not
use it and know and you do not know what it is
done they do not know anything
So that’s where the issue of
the communication of knowledge as
from classical greece
knowledge was not good for saying what
what we know and what we do not know
That’s why communication was typical of
the gods was hermes the one who transmitted
the messages of the gods of what
important that I was think like today
day we are entering a moment in
that communication is what makes us
to travel through the half truths the
possibilities has stirred
between what we know and what we do not know
and then we need to build new
mechanisms that allow us to combine or
solve knowledge in a better way
the different types of knowledge with
the ignorance
I bring the example of those who are going to
save the panels your scientific panel
politicians or scientific interfaces
policies that are institutions where
different types of citizen experts and
decision makers of any
nature sit together to discuss what
what is known and what is not known for
recommend courses of action in the
past
all politicians had advisers
the wise men of the court
the knower but usually when
the emperor fell
advisor also cut off his head is
the end of that panel of that symbiosis we
leads to think of a more
collectivized there is a way to treat
these problems in a way and ones
protocols for scientists and
politicians can decide together and
decide together based on what is
know and what you do not know if in some
moment you have to throw a coin to
know what we have to do that we share
the responsibility that in the academy
it costs us a lot of work in conclusion
what I want to show you is also
that it is impossible to know everything that is
needs to
even for day to day
we have to live with the change we have
to live with things that come from the
nothing that cause us anguish that we
they produce discomfort that disturb us
because that is what allows us
also adapt
that’s where the answer is and why
the same reason
we avoid new institutions we are
new ways of understanding and defining the
truth with which we operate in this
planet
thank you very much
to
i
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