[Applause]
It is a good idea
tell a cancer patient that
give up medical treatment and that
just put her willpower to
be healed or someone suffering from diabetes that
stop the treatment with insulin because
only appealing to his conviction and his
Willpower can heal
the answer is no it’s not a good idea
now if we turn to someone who
suffers drug addiction is a good
idea to suggest that more to look for
treatment only foresees its strength of
will to stop consuming in this
case the answer is surely going to be
varied because there is a consensus enough
widespread or a thought
widespread that drug addiction
it’s a problem of lack of will to
stop consuming and that they associate it in
general to moral ethical questions or
custom
however, drug addiction
today we know from the revolution that has
produced neuroscience kiss a
brain disease
Drug addiction is a disease
chronic that goes beyond the
acute intoxication with the drug is a
disease that produces alterations
persistent in the circuits of
motivation and reward brain and in
the decision making is a
disease that produces a series of
disorders in the individual an increase of
motivation for the drug of a loss
of control over its use
this causes in that individual a series
of work disorders problems
social problems family problems
in him
you and me in health associated with consumption
now that they do the drugs for
worry and occupy individuals
in this way the drugs belong to
different chemical groups we have
cocaine amphetamine nicotine marijuana
heroin ethanol all different but with
a particularity all produces
dopamine release in the circuit
pleasure and cerebral reward is the
Dopamine is a substance that is activated
in situations of ford already of pleasure of
movement wellbeing and it is also
activated by natural rewards
like water sex and food do not
only in us humans but
in all species ensuring the
maintenance of vital functions and
we are also stimulated to dopamine
for the rewards strictly
human as a sporting achievement
a professional achievement the birth of a
grandson or why we did not win the lottery
and then now they will be asking
why drugs are bad
if they produce me the same as
natural rewards and they make me feel
well because drugs behave like
hackers of this circuit the urban a
As I am consuming the drug,
is developing a phenomenon of
amplification of the response and that
impact on dopamine is a phenomenon
which is called phenomenon awareness
not only the drug develops but also
keys signs places that are
associated with the drug and that alone by itself
they have no meaning but what
they acquire in association with the drug
for example a syringe a place where
is consumed can remember the drug and
produce a
dopamine release was anticipating
the response of the drug
then it starts to produce as a
sensitization phenomenon of desire
it starts not to coincide sometimes in the
brain of the person who consumes what
that I imagine will happen to me
the drug of what really happens to me what
what happens sometimes with some
teenagers that the previous imagine
what they will consume at the bowling alley and
then when they are there they do not respond to their
expectations and you can be
triggers in some to follow
consuming and in others including this
consumption can be repeated daily
until there came a time that certain
vulnerable organisms when they do not have
the circulating drug manifest what
it’s called the withdrawal syndrome
but dopamine alone responsible for
this spiral the old there are no others
chemical messengers that act with the
dopamine
one of them is very important that
called glutamate that is lived in the
neighborhood of dopamine that strengthens
memories associations with the drug
favoring addictive behavior to
long term favoring the momentum of
consume and promote relapse in
the individuals who want to leave but the
question of the million is still because
some become addicted and others do not
exist
roughly two groups of factors
that make organisms vulnerable to
develop drug addiction
some are the genetic ones that come
printed in our DNA
there are entire laboratories and programs
financing in dictations shots to
identify them
abroad and others that are the
environmental or acquired partners that are
those that develop over time
of life are impacting throughout
life among them societies
modern have an explosive cocktail of
two are stress and drugs because
there is a high availability of drugs
there is very easy access and there is a high
probability for the life that we lead from
suffer stress and when stress
I speak from the stress that a
veteran of war up the stress that
you suffer in an office because of harassment
moral that the person can suffer up to
who suffers in the family environment or
stress experienced by professionals in
the exercise of their activity
all these types of stress have been
documented that facilitate addiction to
cocaine
nevertheless from the neurosciences not
you know exactly what happens with the
stress and drugs so that they excuse
like a sculptor the brain in such a way
that favor the additive processes in
the pharmacology institute
experimental of córdoba conicet or nc with
my research team we
We proposed to investigate from the
neurosciences as stress modified
the reward circuit to be
most vulnerable organisms to the
drug addiction especially us
interested in monitoring the chemistry of
brain reward and that we choose in
that monitoring to two key players that
they give dopamine and glutamate but what
first we had to do to
understand and be able to contribute was to develop
an experimental model in rodents of
Stress and drug use
we develop this model following
The Guide
International Ethics Committees
and was tested by the ethics committee
local
we actually check in this model
experimental stress and consumption
drugs than the preference for amphetamine
for cocaine by morphine was increased in
those organisms that had had
a story of stress and also
increase a behavior that is called
cocaine search
how this is done in subjects
experimental rodents because we have
special self-management boxes
where the experimental subject is placed
in them and by pressing a lever
you can get the drug for yourself and
we ask it then is that these
rodents with a history of stress
pose many more times than those
organisms that I do not suggest then
then began the monitoring stage of
the chemistry of the brain reward
to do the dopamine monitoring
glutamate we use our technique
laboratories that is called from
cerebral microdialysis that consists of
do microsurgeries in the circuit of the
reward that allow us to place
small devices developed by
US
those small devices allow us
a monitoring over many hours
the impact of drugs
the brain and organisms vulnerable to
consumption and of organisms that are not
vulnerable with his and with what we
we found that the drugs in
organisms vulnerable to consumption
produces a much more marked increase in
dopamine in this circuit the reward
however when we measure glutamate we
we find that by itself the
stress and the cha can produce a
change en route killed
and the tournament that produced in glutamate
it was a better glutamate if they reach
kiss a misshapen is a term that
uses the neurosciences and that is
illustrative of the phenomenon that we
We saw that I’m going to tell you what it is
but that before and so that all
visualize that image I would like that
bring to your mind the image of a pendant
It can be the san roque dam
p a day of torrential rain
but that the floodgates are not
working well
so what happens the water does not
can accumulate in the fat dam
dike floods the surroundings with the
stress the glutamate and in the circuit
the reward happens something similar
stress produces an overflow why
because the floodgates responsible for
get glutamate out of around the
neuron once it was released are not
working well after stress
then the week glutamate accumulates
around the neuron I washes the
floods because those floodgates for
make sure the level of glutamate under no
They’re working
then we at this moment
we are convinced that it was increased
glutamate is what enhances the
vulnerability to addiction then
we did a treatment a treatment
with drugs that restore levels
of the floodgates to restore the
levels of the gates we could achieve
and level of form to inhibit behavior
of cocaine search
then we started asking what
difficult that is a person is
Checked in their reward systems
because it has route killed by the clouds
ask him to only with willpower
is going to get out of a drug addiction
we propose these treatments
as possible treatments
complementary to those currently
current in psychopharmacology and
psychotherapy and the good news is that
clinical studies from one of these
drugs are already being made in
united states in patients who have
post- traumatic stress because they have returned
of the war and are addicted to cocaine
we hope in the near future
communicate those studies
our made also here in
Argentina and finally I would like that
this type of research does not serve
to interpellate as a society what
society model we want to choose for
deal with the issue of drug addiction a
repressive punitive model that punishes the
addict or a model that understands that the
individual who is addicted to drugs
he developed a chronic illness like
you can to diabetes and cancer and
needs the treatment of the systems
of health for recovery
we firmly believe that the
public policies should help
guarantee the model focused on the
Health
thank you very much
plus
[Music]
to
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