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Disease erratication is within reach | Steve Davis | TEDxSeattle


something extraordinary happened in Abu

something extraordinary happened in Abu Dhabi this week global leaders pledged

Dhabi this week global leaders pledged

Dhabi this week global leaders pledged to wipe out several diseases that have

to wipe out several diseases that have

to wipe out several diseases that have plagued humanity since the beginning of

plagued humanity since the beginning of

plagued humanity since the beginning of time Bill Gates the crown prince of Abu

time Bill Gates the crown prince of Abu

time Bill Gates the crown prince of Abu Dhabi these are just a few of the

Dhabi these are just a few of the

Dhabi these are just a few of the dignitaries that signed on it was really

dignitaries that signed on it was really

dignitaries that signed on it was really an important moment I mean in this time

an important moment I mean in this time

an important moment I mean in this time of fake news it was an affirmation of

of fake news it was an affirmation of

of fake news it was an affirmation of science and in this period of growing

science and in this period of growing

science and in this period of growing nationalism it was a commitment to

nationalism it was a commitment to

nationalism it was a commitment to global cooperation but you know honestly

global cooperation but you know honestly

global cooperation but you know honestly as the leader of one of the largest

as the leader of one of the largest

as the leader of one of the largest global health nonprofits in the world

global health nonprofits in the world

global health nonprofits in the world and also is one of the organization’s

and also is one of the organization’s

and also is one of the organization’s that’s going to be called on to make

that’s going to be called on to make

that’s going to be called on to make this happen I kind of had a different

this happen I kind of had a different

this happen I kind of had a different reaction do you dudes know what you’re

reaction do you dudes know what you’re

reaction do you dudes know what you’re even asking for you me you know it’s

even asking for you me you know it’s

even asking for you me you know it’s kind of like getting that email from

kind of like getting that email from

kind of like getting that email from your boss asking her do the impossible

your boss asking her do the impossible

your boss asking her do the impossible yesterday so I had a drink I went to

yesterday so I had a drink I went to

yesterday so I had a drink I went to yoga in that order by the way

and then I started thinking you know

and then I started thinking you know what’s the real opportunity this

what’s the real opportunity this

what’s the real opportunity this presents the live saved and my own

presents the live saved and my own

presents the live saved and my own personal conviction to social innovation

personal conviction to social innovation

personal conviction to social innovation and activism and I knew it’s time to

and activism and I knew it’s time to

and activism and I knew it’s time to kind of roll up my sleeves and go to

kind of roll up my sleeves and go to

kind of roll up my sleeves and go to work you and I are living in an

work you and I are living in an

work you and I are living in an extraordinary moment in human history

extraordinary moment in human history

extraordinary moment in human history it’s so time when new ways to fight old

it’s so time when new ways to fight old

it’s so time when new ways to fight old diseases are giving us the power to

diseases are giving us the power to

diseases are giving us the power to banish some of the worst killers from

banish some of the worst killers from

banish some of the worst killers from the earth and you know what most people

the earth and you know what most people

the earth and you know what most people don’t even know this is happening so

don’t even know this is happening so

don’t even know this is happening so today I want to share with you the story

today I want to share with you the story

today I want to share with you the story of the global effort to eradicate

of the global effort to eradicate

of the global effort to eradicate diseases a story of turning the

diseases a story of turning the

diseases a story of turning the impossible to the possible now I’m not a

impossible to the possible now I’m not a

impossible to the possible now I’m not a doctor or a scientist so I might not be

doctor or a scientist so I might not be

doctor or a scientist so I might not be the person you would normally expect to

the person you would normally expect to

the person you would normally expect to tell this story I’m more actually what

tell this story I’m more actually what

tell this story I’m more actually what people call the practitioner you know

people call the practitioner you know

people call the practitioner you know the guy that’s called in to get stuff

the guy that’s called in to get stuff

the guy that’s called in to get stuff done I’m a liberal arts major

done I’m a liberal arts major

done I’m a liberal arts major I’ve had many careers my mom still

I’ve had many careers my mom still

I’ve had many careers my mom still worries about that and in my current

worries about that and in my current

worries about that and in my current role I’m a business guy who’s frequently

role I’m a business guy who’s frequently

role I’m a business guy who’s frequently at the leadership tables in global

at the leadership tables in global

at the leadership tables in global health and in that role I’ve had to have

health and in that role I’ve had to have

health and in that role I’ve had to have a few technical terms explained to me so

a few technical terms explained to me so

a few technical terms explained to me so let me start there so control what do we

let me start there so control what do we

let me start there so control what do we mean by controlling a disease that’s

mean by controlling a disease that’s

mean by controlling a disease that’s when we work to reduce the incidence of

when we work to reduce the incidence of

when we work to reduce the incidence of a disease usually through like a

a disease usually through like a

a disease usually through like a prevention or a treatment program and

prevention or a treatment program and

prevention or a treatment program and our goal there is to minimize death and

our goal there is to minimize death and

our goal there is to minimize death and suffering then there’s elimination no

suffering then there’s elimination no

suffering then there’s elimination no elimination is when we do that so well

elimination is when we do that so well

elimination is when we do that so well that that disease no longer exists in a

that that disease no longer exists in a

that that disease no longer exists in a specific part of the world malaria is

specific part of the world malaria is

specific part of the world malaria is actually a good example did you know

actually a good example did you know

actually a good example did you know that malaria used to be a major public

that malaria used to be a major public

that malaria used to be a major public health problem here in the United States

health problem here in the United States

health problem here in the United States then we committed to eliminated in fact

then we committed to eliminated in fact

then we committed to eliminated in fact we put the CDs

we put the CDs

we put the CDs in Atlanta right in the heart of the

in Atlanta right in the heart of the

in Atlanta right in the heart of the epidemic and in 1951 we eliminated it

epidemic and in 1951 we eliminated it

epidemic and in 1951 we eliminated it however many countries in Asia and

however many countries in Asia and

however many countries in Asia and Africa today are still just controlling

Africa today are still just controlling

Africa today are still just controlling malaria in fact about 400,000 people die

malaria in fact about 400,000 people die

malaria in fact about 400,000 people die every year of malaria and most are kids

every year of malaria and most are kids

every year of malaria and most are kids under five then there is eradication

under five then there is eradication

under five then there is eradication that’s when not a single person on earth

that’s when not a single person on earth

that’s when not a single person on earth is afflicted by this disease

is afflicted by this disease

is afflicted by this disease we’ve only eradicated one human disease

we’ve only eradicated one human disease

we’ve only eradicated one human disease in history one smallpox in the first

in history one smallpox in the first

in history one smallpox in the first half of the 20th century about a 500

half of the 20th century about a 500

half of the 20th century about a 500 million people died of smallpox but we

million people died of smallpox but we

million people died of smallpox but we eradicated it and declared it eradicated

eradicated it and declared it eradicated

eradicated it and declared it eradicated in 1980 it’s actually one of the most

in 1980 it’s actually one of the most

in 1980 it’s actually one of the most amazing achievements in human history

amazing achievements in human history

amazing achievements in human history but what’s interesting as smallpox no

but what’s interesting as smallpox no

but what’s interesting as smallpox no longer has to stand alone as sort of a

longer has to stand alone as sort of a

longer has to stand alone as sort of a one-hit wonder because there are several

one-hit wonder because there are several

one-hit wonder because there are several projects underway to eradicate other

projects underway to eradicate other

projects underway to eradicate other diseases and it’s actually become a

diseases and it’s actually become a

diseases and it’s actually become a global movement now remember I’m the

global movement now remember I’m the

global movement now remember I’m the practitioner at the table so I usually

practitioner at the table so I usually

practitioner at the table so I usually bring a pretty skeptical eye to this

bring a pretty skeptical eye to this

bring a pretty skeptical eye to this these things like a movement and so I

these things like a movement and so I

these things like a movement and so I ask the tough business questions like

ask the tough business questions like

ask the tough business questions like okay can we do this how are we gonna

okay can we do this how are we gonna

okay can we do this how are we gonna execute it should we do it can we well

execute it should we do it can we well

execute it should we do it can we well it’s a qualified yes let me step back

it’s a qualified yes let me step back

it’s a qualified yes let me step back how many diseases do you think there are

how many diseases do you think there are

how many diseases do you think there are in the world fifty a hundred a few

in the world fifty a hundred a few

in the world fifty a hundred a few hundred the answer is none of those it’s

hundred the answer is none of those it’s

hundred the answer is none of those it’s actually thousands it’s a little creepy

actually thousands it’s a little creepy

actually thousands it’s a little creepy to think about but most of those will

to think about but most of those will

to think about but most of those will never be eradicated given what we know

never be eradicated given what we know

never be eradicated given what we know today diseases like HIV

today diseases like HIV

today diseases like HIV and tuberculosis or even Ebola these

and tuberculosis or even Ebola these

and tuberculosis or even Ebola these were doing better at controlling but

were doing better at controlling but

were doing better at controlling but eradication is unlikely however there is

eradication is unlikely however there is

eradication is unlikely however there is a handful of diseases that with the

a handful of diseases that with the

a handful of diseases that with the right emerging scientific tools and the

right emerging scientific tools and the

right emerging scientific tools and the right targeted resources we can

right targeted resources we can

right targeted resources we can eliminate and then eradicate in our

eliminate and then eradicate in our

eliminate and then eradicate in our lifetime the global community health

lifetime the global community health

lifetime the global community health community is kind of converged on this

community is kind of converged on this

community is kind of converged on this list of targets so polio 30 years ago

list of targets so polio 30 years ago

list of targets so polio 30 years ago about 350,000 new cases of polio rebut

about 350,000 new cases of polio rebut

about 350,000 new cases of polio rebut were reported each year this year we’ve

were reported each year this year we’ve

were reported each year this year we’ve only we’ve only seen 12 12 cases and

only we’ve only seen 12 12 cases and

only we’ve only seen 12 12 cases and next year we think we’ll see the final

next year we think we’ll see the final

next year we think we’ll see the final case of poliovirus in the world

case of poliovirus in the world

case of poliovirus in the world [Applause]

[Applause]

[Applause] and then there’s guinea worm you know

and then there’s guinea worm you know

and then there’s guinea worm you know I’ve never actually heard of guinea worm

I’ve never actually heard of guinea worm

I’ve never actually heard of guinea worm before I took this job I don’t know have

before I took this job I don’t know have

before I took this job I don’t know have you all it’s pretty horrible you get it

you all it’s pretty horrible you get it

you all it’s pretty horrible you get it from contaminated water and then this

from contaminated water and then this

from contaminated water and then this long worm forms and it emerges sometimes

long worm forms and it emerges sometimes

long worm forms and it emerges sometimes like through a blister on your skin or

like through a blister on your skin or

like through a blister on your skin or even through your eye and it causes

even through your eye and it causes

even through your eye and it causes immense suffering pain and often

immense suffering pain and often

immense suffering pain and often lifelong disabilities 30 years ago there

lifelong disabilities 30 years ago there

lifelong disabilities 30 years ago there about 3 and 1/2 million people in the

about 3 and 1/2 million people in the

about 3 and 1/2 million people in the world had guinea worm last year we’ve

world had guinea worm last year we’ve

world had guinea worm last year we’ve only had 25 reported cases thanks to

only had 25 reported cases thanks to

only had 25 reported cases thanks to water filters by the way so yes we can

water filters by the way so yes we can

water filters by the way so yes we can eradicate diseases so now you get to

eradicate diseases so now you get to

eradicate diseases so now you get to that other because the next question

that other because the next question

that other because the next question like okay but how do we do this well of

like okay but how do we do this well of

like okay but how do we do this well of course there’s no easy answer and every

course there’s no easy answer and every

course there’s no easy answer and every disease is pretty different but there

disease is pretty different but there

disease is pretty different but there are some common challenges and the gwee

are some common challenges and the gwee

are some common challenges and the gwee the global community we have actually

the global community we have actually

the global community we have actually started creating some pretty interesting

started creating some pretty interesting

started creating some pretty interesting solutions well the first thing you need

solutions well the first thing you need

solutions well the first thing you need to do is create the right scientific

to do is create the right scientific

to do is create the right scientific product the safe effective and

product the safe effective and

product the safe effective and affordable things like vaccines and

affordable things like vaccines and

affordable things like vaccines and drugs and diagnostics and tools but the

drugs and diagnostics and tools but the

drugs and diagnostics and tools but the problem is is most companies actually

problem is is most companies actually

problem is is most companies actually don’t invest in these products because

don’t invest in these products because

don’t invest in these products because they’re primarily afflicting the poorest

they’re primarily afflicting the poorest

they’re primarily afflicting the poorest people in the world so we’re trying to

people in the world so we’re trying to

people in the world so we’re trying to come up with new approaches for instance

come up with new approaches for instance

come up with new approaches for instance government incentives to get industry

government incentives to get industry

government incentives to get industry engaged philanthropic support for

engaged philanthropic support for

engaged philanthropic support for research and development nonprofits like

research and development nonprofits like

research and development nonprofits like path who are actually developing

path who are actually developing

path who are actually developing products ourselves and a number of

products ourselves and a number of

products ourselves and a number of interesting scientific collaborations

interesting scientific collaborations

interesting scientific collaborations with government in fact this has been so

with government in fact this has been so

with government in fact this has been so successful that we’re seeing enormous

successful that we’re seeing enormous

successful that we’re seeing enormous scientific achievements and we have

scientific achievements and we have

scientific achievements and we have hundreds of products in our pipeline but

hundreds of products in our pipeline but

hundreds of products in our pipeline but just having the right product isn’t

just having the right product isn’t

just having the right product isn’t enough you got to get it to the

enough you got to get it to the

enough you got to get it to the but needed and this presents huge

but needed and this presents huge

but needed and this presents huge logistical challenges so for instance a

logistical challenges so for instance a

logistical challenges so for instance a vaccine must stay cold so we have to

vaccine must stay cold so we have to

vaccine must stay cold so we have to think about ways to keep vaccines

think about ways to keep vaccines

think about ways to keep vaccines refrigerated in places there’s no

refrigerated in places there’s no

refrigerated in places there’s no electricity and we’re working on new

electricity and we’re working on new

electricity and we’re working on new formulations for vaccines where you

formulations for vaccines where you

formulations for vaccines where you don’t even need refrigeration and then

don’t even need refrigeration and then

don’t even need refrigeration and then there’s the transportation issues like

there’s the transportation issues like

there’s the transportation issues like we’re working on new ways to reach

we’re working on new ways to reach

we’re working on new ways to reach remote communities including drones and

remote communities including drones and

remote communities including drones and actually better ways to track and manage

actually better ways to track and manage

actually better ways to track and manage the supply chain with electronic

the supply chain with electronic

the supply chain with electronic vouchers and barcodes and other things

vouchers and barcodes and other things

vouchers and barcodes and other things so like a little bit Amazon meets global

so like a little bit Amazon meets global

so like a little bit Amazon meets global health but then you have to think about

health but then you have to think about

health but then you have to think about the workforce so you may be surprised to

the workforce so you may be surprised to

the workforce so you may be surprised to know that in many places we work many of

know that in many places we work many of

know that in many places we work many of the community health workers are

the community health workers are

the community health workers are volunteers and there they’re never

volunteers and there they’re never

volunteers and there they’re never enough of them so governments must

enough of them so governments must

enough of them so governments must mobilize and train huge armies of people

mobilize and train huge armies of people

mobilize and train huge armies of people to undertake this effort in 1974 there

to undertake this effort in 1974 there

to undertake this effort in 1974 there are about two hundred thousand cases of

are about two hundred thousand cases of

are about two hundred thousand cases of smallpox still in India the government

smallpox still in India the government

smallpox still in India the government put on a workforce of tens of thousands

put on a workforce of tens of thousands

put on a workforce of tens of thousands of people against this problem actually

of people against this problem actually

of people against this problem actually they visited every other month about 90%

they visited every other month about 90%

they visited every other month about 90% of every household in India the next

of every household in India the next

of every household in India the next year due to this amazing workforce and

year due to this amazing workforce and

year due to this amazing workforce and not a single case none but you know you

not a single case none but you know you

not a single case none but you know you can get the logistics and you can find

can get the logistics and you can find

can get the logistics and you can find the products and you can even get the

the products and you can even get the

the products and you can even get the workforce in place but communities need

workforce in place but communities need

workforce in place but communities need to participate and actually sometimes

to participate and actually sometimes

to participate and actually sometimes they don’t the early 2000s in Nigeria

they don’t the early 2000s in Nigeria

they don’t the early 2000s in Nigeria religious leaders some religious leaders

religious leaders some religious leaders

religious leaders some religious leaders issued fatwas against some vaccines with

issued fatwas against some vaccines with

issued fatwas against some vaccines with based on the false claim that they might

based on the false claim that they might

based on the false claim that they might reduce fertility in other countries

reduce fertility in other countries

reduce fertility in other countries we’ve seen vaccine workers deliberately

we’ve seen vaccine workers deliberately

we’ve seen vaccine workers deliberately targeted and murdered now fortunately

targeted and murdered now fortunately

targeted and murdered now fortunately we’re getting a lot better at working

we’re getting a lot better at working

we’re getting a lot better at working with tribal and religious leaders to

with tribal and religious leaders to

with tribal and religious leaders to engage communities and create demand

engage communities and create demand

engage communities and create demand in fact in some instances they’ve been

in fact in some instances they’ve been

in fact in some instances they’ve been our best allies okay so we’ve been doing

our best allies okay so we’ve been doing

our best allies okay so we’ve been doing this for a long time figuring out how to

this for a long time figuring out how to

this for a long time figuring out how to get all these parts working together so

get all these parts working together so

get all these parts working together so what’s creating this movement now two

what’s creating this movement now two

what’s creating this movement now two things the first the amount of political

things the first the amount of political

things the first the amount of political and financial investments has risen

and financial investments has risen

and financial investments has risen exponentially there have been you know

exponentially there have been you know

exponentially there have been you know the Abu Dhabi is just the most recent

the Abu Dhabi is just the most recent

the Abu Dhabi is just the most recent example they’ve actually been a number

example they’ve actually been a number

example they’ve actually been a number of big commitments of money and global

of big commitments of money and global

of big commitments of money and global leaders around the world are making more

leaders around the world are making more

leaders around the world are making more political commitments and we’re starting

political commitments and we’re starting

political commitments and we’re starting all sorts of organizations in fact

all sorts of organizations in fact

all sorts of organizations in fact there’s one expressly called

there’s one expressly called

there’s one expressly called the end fund the second accelerator is

the end fund the second accelerator is

the end fund the second accelerator is the power of digital transformation

the power of digital transformation

the power of digital transformation think about it

think about it

think about it mobile phones analytics satellite

mobile phones analytics satellite

mobile phones analytics satellite mapping software even AI it’s actually

mapping software even AI it’s actually

mapping software even AI it’s actually amazing on the ground to see how much is

amazing on the ground to see how much is

amazing on the ground to see how much is beginning to happen in Africa let me

beginning to happen in Africa let me

beginning to happen in Africa let me give you an example in Zambia in certain

give you an example in Zambia in certain

give you an example in Zambia in certain regions in southern Zambia ten years ago

regions in southern Zambia ten years ago

regions in southern Zambia ten years ago one out of every two people had malaria

one out of every two people had malaria

one out of every two people had malaria now just think of that with this

now just think of that with this

now just think of that with this audience that would mean every other one

audience that would mean every other one

audience that would mean every other one of you it would be either you or your

of you it would be either you or your

of you it would be either you or your neighbor had malaria now it’s about one

neighbor had malaria now it’s about one

neighbor had malaria now it’s about one out of 200 and it’s getting better the

out of 200 and it’s getting better the

out of 200 and it’s getting better the main reason is that we are beginning to

main reason is that we are beginning to

main reason is that we are beginning to see health workers use mobile phones to

see health workers use mobile phones to

see health workers use mobile phones to track and manage every single case of

track and manage every single case of

track and manage every single case of malaria real time and then they map the

malaria real time and then they map the

malaria real time and then they map the affected areas and then everybody in

affected areas and then everybody in

affected areas and then everybody in that area gets an anti-malarial drug and

that area gets an anti-malarial drug and

that area gets an anti-malarial drug and that area is about like 100 meters it’s

that area is about like 100 meters it’s

that area is about like 100 meters it’s the average the flight range of your

the average the flight range of your

the average the flight range of your average mosquito maybe something you

average mosquito maybe something you

average mosquito maybe something you want to remember the next camping trip

want to remember the next camping trip

want to remember the next camping trip so anyway we actually start to give

so anyway we actually start to give

so anyway we actually start to give every everyone in anti malarial

every everyone in anti malarial

every everyone in anti malarial because it’s not only that the people

because it’s not only that the people

because it’s not only that the people who have malaria symptoms have the

who have malaria symptoms have the

who have malaria symptoms have the parasites but people who many people

parasites but people who many people

parasites but people who many people don’t have those symptoms so we’re going

don’t have those symptoms so we’re going

don’t have those symptoms so we’re going not only after treating sick patients

not only after treating sick patients

not only after treating sick patients but we’re actually trying to eliminate

but we’re actually trying to eliminate

but we’re actually trying to eliminate the parasites and then we’re actually

the parasites and then we’re actually

the parasites and then we’re actually using very cool topographical

using very cool topographical

using very cool topographical information to map on water and rainfall

information to map on water and rainfall

information to map on water and rainfall patterns so we can isolate just where

patterns so we can isolate just where

patterns so we can isolate just where mosquitoes are breathing the power of

mosquitoes are breathing the power of

mosquitoes are breathing the power of this data has driven an 85 percent

this data has driven an 85 percent

this data has driven an 85 percent reduction in malaria deaths in Zambia in

reduction in malaria deaths in Zambia in

reduction in malaria deaths in Zambia in just three years

just three years

just three years [Applause]

[Applause]

[Applause] [Music]

in fact in fact Zambia’s government has

in fact in fact Zambia’s government has declared a commitment to have to fully

declared a commitment to have to fully

declared a commitment to have to fully eliminate malaria by 2021 okay so we can

eliminate malaria by 2021 okay so we can

eliminate malaria by 2021 okay so we can do this and actually we’re getting

do this and actually we’re getting

do this and actually we’re getting better and better on how but then I have

better and better on how but then I have

better and better on how but then I have to ask this final and sometimes

to ask this final and sometimes

to ask this final and sometimes surprisingly difficult

surprisingly difficult

surprisingly difficult last question should we is disease

last question should we is disease

last question should we is disease eradication worth it okay the estimation

eradication worth it okay the estimation

eradication worth it okay the estimation of what we’ve spent on the polio

of what we’ve spent on the polio

of what we’ve spent on the polio eradication so far is about fifteen

eradication so far is about fifteen

eradication so far is about fifteen billion dollars and because these last

billion dollars and because these last

billion dollars and because these last cases are so hard to do to get to that

cases are so hard to do to get to that

cases are so hard to do to get to that we think that the last case will cost

we think that the last case will cost

we think that the last case will cost about two hundred million dollars to

about two hundred million dollars to

about two hundred million dollars to stamp out 200 million and in these same

stamp out 200 million and in these same

stamp out 200 million and in these same places many kids aren’t getting any

places many kids aren’t getting any

places many kids aren’t getting any measles vaccines for instance and

measles vaccines for instance and

measles vaccines for instance and measles still kill a hundred thousand

measles still kill a hundred thousand

measles still kill a hundred thousand people or more every year and a measles

people or more every year and a measles

people or more every year and a measles vaccine only cost twenty five cents a

vaccine only cost twenty five cents a

vaccine only cost twenty five cents a dose two hundred million twenty five

dose two hundred million twenty five

dose two hundred million twenty five cents so a lot of global health leaders

cents so a lot of global health leaders

cents so a lot of global health leaders or some are really concerned about this

or some are really concerned about this

or some are really concerned about this trade-off and actually question the

trade-off and actually question the

trade-off and actually question the opportunity cost you know should we be

opportunity cost you know should we be

opportunity cost you know should we be spending should be going after more

spending should be going after more

spending should be going after more urgent health needs or should we be

urgent health needs or should we be

urgent health needs or should we be spending a couple hundred million

spending a couple hundred million

spending a couple hundred million dollars to go after the last case of

dollars to go after the last case of

dollars to go after the last case of polio is eradication necessary it’s

polio is eradication necessary it’s

polio is eradication necessary it’s actually quite difficult moral and

actually quite difficult moral and

actually quite difficult moral and political and business question and

political and business question and

political and business question and actually they’re very legitimate

actually they’re very legitimate

actually they’re very legitimate arguments on both sides in the end I

arguments on both sides in the end I

arguments on both sides in the end I believe we should pursue disease

believe we should pursue disease

believe we should pursue disease eradication in fact I think we must why

eradication in fact I think we must why

eradication in fact I think we must why well first the human and financial

well first the human and financial

well first the human and financial impacts are compelling in the polio

impacts are compelling in the polio

impacts are compelling in the polio eradication effort we’ve already saved

eradication effort we’ve already saved

eradication effort we’ve already saved 13 million kids from paralysis and we

13 million kids from paralysis and we

13 million kids from paralysis and we believe that once we’re done we’ll save

believe that once we’re done we’ll save

believe that once we’re done we’ll save the world billions of dollars but then

the world billions of dollars but then

the world billions of dollars but then there’s the equity argument I am NOT

there’s the equity argument I am NOT

there’s the equity argument I am NOT okay with a world for wealthy countries

okay with a world for wealthy countries

okay with a world for wealthy countries get to eliminate diseases and poorer

get to eliminate diseases and poorer

get to eliminate diseases and poorer countries have to just keep working at

countries have to just keep working at

countries have to just keep working at controlling them how can I accept that

controlling them how can I accept that

controlling them how can I accept that what is absolutely essential for my

what is absolutely essential for my

what is absolutely essential for my child’s health for our children’s isn’t

child’s health for our children’s isn’t

child’s health for our children’s isn’t necessary for others but then think

necessary for others but then think

necessary for others but then think about the historic potential that this

about the historic potential that this

about the historic potential that this movement unlocks if we eradicate one

movement unlocks if we eradicate one

movement unlocks if we eradicate one disease will get better it and know more

disease will get better it and know more

disease will get better it and know more about eradicating the next and the next

about eradicating the next and the next

about eradicating the next and the next and the next

and the next

and the next moreover this has becomes a virtuous

moreover this has becomes a virtuous

moreover this has becomes a virtuous cycle better health leads to smaller

cycle better health leads to smaller

cycle better health leads to smaller families stronger communities more

families stronger communities more

families stronger communities more productivity and and more prosperity and

productivity and and more prosperity and

productivity and and more prosperity and so it reinforces itself moreover if we

so it reinforces itself moreover if we

so it reinforces itself moreover if we eradicate diseases and if we prove we

eradicate diseases and if we prove we

eradicate diseases and if we prove we can deliver on these audacious goals

can deliver on these audacious goals

can deliver on these audacious goals will build more credibility to go and

will build more credibility to go and

will build more credibility to go and get the financial and the political

get the financial and the political

get the financial and the political support we need to go tackle the world’s

support we need to go tackle the world’s

support we need to go tackle the world’s next big challenges to go bin the

next big challenges to go bin the

next big challenges to go bin the amazing arc of human progress even

amazing arc of human progress even

amazing arc of human progress even further that’s the world I want to my

further that’s the world I want to my

further that’s the world I want to my kids to live in that’s why we should

kids to live in that’s why we should

kids to live in that’s why we should continue to champion the global effort

continue to champion the global effort

continue to champion the global effort to eliminate and eradicate diseases it

to eliminate and eradicate diseases it

to eliminate and eradicate diseases it can be done thank you

can be done thank you

can be done thank you [Applause]

[Applause]

[Applause] [Music]

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