so the weather of the world is changing in case you hadn’t noticed and in case
in case you hadn’t noticed and in case
in case you hadn’t noticed and in case you hadn’t noticed it’s probably not
you hadn’t noticed it’s probably not
you hadn’t noticed it’s probably not getting better as the weather gets worse
getting better as the weather gets worse
getting better as the weather gets worse and worse and as our relationship with
and worse and as our relationship with
and worse and as our relationship with our most precious natural resource not
our most precious natural resource not
our most precious natural resource not oil water as it gets more and more
oil water as it gets more and more
oil water as it gets more and more extreme so we have too much water or too
extreme so we have too much water or too
extreme so we have too much water or too little water and now often in the same
little water and now often in the same
little water and now often in the same place as storms get more severe and less
place as storms get more severe and less
place as storms get more severe and less predictable a word that you’re going to
predictable a word that you’re going to
predictable a word that you’re going to be hearing more and more often from
be hearing more and more often from
be hearing more and more often from planners policy officials well some
planners policy officials well some
planners policy officials well some policy officials
policy officials
policy officials it is resilience what does it mean to be
it is resilience what does it mean to be
it is resilience what does it mean to be resilient now it turns out that we
resilient now it turns out that we
resilient now it turns out that we really like our superheroes to be
really like our superheroes to be
really like our superheroes to be resilient a classic superhero
resilient a classic superhero
resilient a classic superhero like my friend Hercules here suffers
like my friend Hercules here suffers
like my friend Hercules here suffers near-death experiences but bounces back
near-death experiences but bounces back
near-death experiences but bounces back stronger than ever to accomplish
stronger than ever to accomplish
stronger than ever to accomplish incredible feats and conquer monsters
incredible feats and conquer monsters
incredible feats and conquer monsters that’s the superhero almost everyone
that’s the superhero almost everyone
that’s the superhero almost everyone archetype Lee but what does it mean for
archetype Lee but what does it mean for
archetype Lee but what does it mean for a city for a community for a region to
a city for a community for a region to
a city for a community for a region to be resilient notoriously complex as
be resilient notoriously complex as
be resilient notoriously complex as cities are and often more like the
cities are and often more like the
cities are and often more like the monster than the superhero well it turns
monster than the superhero well it turns
monster than the superhero well it turns out that throughout history great cities
out that throughout history great cities
out that throughout history great cities have exhibited incredible resilience
have exhibited incredible resilience
have exhibited incredible resilience multiple times the city of London the
multiple times the city of London the
multiple times the city of London the historic heart of London burnt almost
historic heart of London burnt almost
historic heart of London burnt almost completely to the ground in four days in
completely to the ground in four days in
completely to the ground in four days in September of 1666 and less than a
September of 1666 and less than a
September of 1666 and less than a century later like the superhero it was
century later like the superhero it was
century later like the superhero it was back bigger and better than ever already
back bigger and better than ever already
back bigger and better than ever already one of the biggest cities that the world
one of the biggest cities that the world
one of the biggest cities that the world had ever known and destined for further
had ever known and destined for further
had ever known and destined for further industrial and Imperial greatness London
industrial and Imperial greatness London
industrial and Imperial greatness London it turns out was getting to the top of
it turns out was getting to the top of
it turns out was getting to the top of its game and so was naturally resilient
its game and so was naturally resilient
its game and so was naturally resilient but when Hurricane Katrina in August of
but when Hurricane Katrina in August of
but when Hurricane Katrina in August of 2005 hit the Gulf Coast after
2005 hit the Gulf Coast after
2005 hit the Gulf Coast after devastating the Caribbean it was a
devastating the Caribbean it was a
devastating the Caribbean it was a somewhat different story in cities like
somewhat different story in cities like
somewhat different story in cities like Biloxi and notoriously New Orleans what
Biloxi and notoriously New Orleans what
Biloxi and notoriously New Orleans what that catastrophe did was not to reveal
that catastrophe did was not to reveal
that catastrophe did was not to reveal the hidden strength the resilience of a
the hidden strength the resilience of a
the hidden strength the resilience of a community but to expose for all the sea
community but to expose for all the sea
community but to expose for all the sea in their rawness the underlying strata
in their rawness the underlying strata
in their rawness the underlying strata the inequality the injustice the unmet
the inequality the injustice the unmet
the inequality the injustice the unmet challenges of a particular community so
challenges of a particular community so
challenges of a particular community so seven years later Hurricane sandy
seven years later Hurricane sandy
seven years later Hurricane sandy dealt another blow this time to the most
dealt another blow this time to the most
dealt another blow this time to the most populous and arguably critical region of
populous and arguably critical region of
populous and arguably critical region of the United States the Northeast and it
the United States the Northeast and it
the United States the Northeast and it is often said in the disaster response
is often said in the disaster response
is often said in the disaster response business that it takes not one but two
business that it takes not one but two
business that it takes not one but two catastrophes for everybody to finally
catastrophes for everybody to finally
catastrophes for everybody to finally sit up and take notice and of course it
sit up and take notice and of course it
sit up and take notice and of course it doesn’t hurt to flood lower Manhattan it
doesn’t hurt to flood lower Manhattan it
doesn’t hurt to flood lower Manhattan it tends to get certain people’s attention
tends to get certain people’s attention
tends to get certain people’s attention suddenly we were having at a more urgent
suddenly we were having at a more urgent
suddenly we were having at a more urgent level a conversation that was quietly
level a conversation that was quietly
level a conversation that was quietly going on for a very long time the
going on for a very long time the
going on for a very long time the awareness of how much of the world’s
awareness of how much of the world’s
awareness of how much of the world’s population how much of the world’s
population how much of the world’s
population how much of the world’s critical infrastructure how much of our
critical infrastructure how much of our
critical infrastructure how much of our resources human and otherwise was
resources human and otherwise was
resources human and otherwise was concentrated heavily in the coastal
concentrated heavily in the coastal
concentrated heavily in the coastal areas of the world and this was true par
areas of the world and this was true par
areas of the world and this was true par excellence along our own Northeast
excellence along our own Northeast
excellence along our own Northeast Corridor if you didn’t actually live on
Corridor if you didn’t actually live on
Corridor if you didn’t actually live on the coast you were an armed most likely
the coast you were an armed most likely
the coast you were an armed most likely totally dependent on power structures
totally dependent on power structures
totally dependent on power structures transportation structures health
transportation structures health
transportation structures health services that are heavily concentrated
services that are heavily concentrated
services that are heavily concentrated along that coast so we’re all in this
along that coast so we’re all in this
along that coast so we’re all in this situation together and images like this
situation together and images like this
situation together and images like this started to show up for cities around the
started to show up for cities around the
started to show up for cities around the world projecting how much of the cities
world projecting how much of the cities
world projecting how much of the cities that we know the communities that we
that we know the communities that we
that we know the communities that we inhabit would be flooded in the case of
inhabit would be flooded in the case of
inhabit would be flooded in the case of that dreaded hypothetical hundred year
that dreaded hypothetical hundred year
that dreaded hypothetical hundred year storm now our response was hard
storm now our response was hard
storm now our response was hard wired into our culture since the
wired into our culture since the
wired into our culture since the industrial era we’ve tended to treat big
industrial era we’ve tended to treat big
industrial era we’ve tended to treat big problems with even bigger solutions if
problems with even bigger solutions if
problems with even bigger solutions if we can build a bridge between Staten
we can build a bridge between Staten
we can build a bridge between Staten Island and queens can’t we build a flood
Island and queens can’t we build a flood
Island and queens can’t we build a flood barrier that keeps out that storm surge
barrier that keeps out that storm surge
barrier that keeps out that storm surge well this is our natural response but
well this is our natural response but
well this is our natural response but once upon a time
once upon a time
once upon a time traditional civilizations had a more
traditional civilizations had a more
traditional civilizations had a more balanced relationship with water and its
balanced relationship with water and its
balanced relationship with water and its vagaries ancient Egypt the source of
vagaries ancient Egypt the source of
vagaries ancient Egypt the source of nourishment the source of fertility was
nourishment the source of fertility was
nourishment the source of fertility was of course the seasonal flooding of the
of course the seasonal flooding of the
of course the seasonal flooding of the Nile River it was both a threat but also
Nile River it was both a threat but also
Nile River it was both a threat but also a blessing in Venice even today when the
a blessing in Venice even today when the
a blessing in Venice even today when the acqua alta comes the high water they
acqua alta comes the high water they
acqua alta comes the high water they simply get out the temporary walkways
simply get out the temporary walkways
simply get out the temporary walkways and tourists and local residents keep
and tourists and local residents keep
and tourists and local residents keep their feet dry for as long as the water
their feet dry for as long as the water
their feet dry for as long as the water is in the Piazza but in most of the
is in the Piazza but in most of the
is in the Piazza but in most of the world certainly in recent years the
world certainly in recent years the
world certainly in recent years the instinct is to punish the bad water to
instinct is to punish the bad water to
instinct is to punish the bad water to put the river in prison after the flood
put the river in prison after the flood
put the river in prison after the flood to build levees to build flood walls to
to build levees to build flood walls to
to build levees to build flood walls to build big infrastructure that attempts
build big infrastructure that attempts
build big infrastructure that attempts at least to make the problem go away to
at least to make the problem go away to
at least to make the problem go away to make it so that when we wake up the next
make it so that when we wake up the next
make it so that when we wake up the next morning we feel safe again we feel
morning we feel safe again we feel
morning we feel safe again we feel protected the water is out of mind and
protected the water is out of mind and
protected the water is out of mind and largely by the way out of sight as well
largely by the way out of sight as well
largely by the way out of sight as well and then it fails and suddenly we wake
and then it fails and suddenly we wake
and then it fails and suddenly we wake up to the devastating interconnectedness
up to the devastating interconnectedness
up to the devastating interconnectedness of all these systems healthcare
of all these systems healthcare
of all these systems healthcare emergency services transportation the
emergency services transportation the
emergency services transportation the lights that we read by that fuel are
lights that we read by that fuel are
lights that we read by that fuel are increasingly electronic and digital life
increasingly electronic and digital life
increasingly electronic and digital life so when in 2012 the lights went off in
so when in 2012 the lights went off in
so when in 2012 the lights went off in New York they at least temporarily went
New York they at least temporarily went
New York they at least temporarily went on in Washington DC and then Secretary
on in Washington DC and then Secretary
on in Washington DC and then Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Shaun
of Housing and Urban Development Shaun
of Housing and Urban Development Shaun Donovan with the support of the former
Donovan with the support of the former
Donovan with the support of the former dutch director of spatial planning and
dutch director of spatial planning and
dutch director of spatial planning and water management it’s a Dutch thing
water management it’s a Dutch thing
water management it’s a Dutch thing announced and launched a program a
announced and launched a program a
announced and launched a program a competition actually challenging the
competition actually challenging the
competition actually challenging the design professions architecture
design professions architecture
design professions architecture Landscape Architecture planning
Landscape Architecture planning
Landscape Architecture planning engineering to come up with innovative
engineering to come up with innovative
engineering to come up with innovative solutions promoting resilience real
solutions promoting resilience real
solutions promoting resilience real resilience not by just rebuilding and
resilience not by just rebuilding and
resilience not by just rebuilding and responding to the latest catastrophe but
responding to the latest catastrophe but
responding to the latest catastrophe but actually dynamically putting in place
actually dynamically putting in place
actually dynamically putting in place innovative ideas that anticipated and
innovative ideas that anticipated and
innovative ideas that anticipated and provided for the next one that
provided for the next one that
provided for the next one that competition ran for part of a year I was
competition ran for part of a year I was
competition ran for part of a year I was a member of a team that submitted a
a member of a team that submitted a
a member of a team that submitted a proposal the proposals were exhibited
proposal the proposals were exhibited
proposal the proposals were exhibited and judged and then some of them were in
and judged and then some of them were in
and judged and then some of them were in fact actually funded not at a level that
fact actually funded not at a level that
fact actually funded not at a level that would make that kind of storm event an
would make that kind of storm event an
would make that kind of storm event an entirely survivable thing but in an
entirely survivable thing but in an
entirely survivable thing but in an appropriately experimental mode not
appropriately experimental mode not
appropriately experimental mode not surprisingly the biggest funding went to
surprisingly the biggest funding went to
surprisingly the biggest funding went to the New York region which had been so
the New York region which had been so
the New York region which had been so hard hit by Sandy and to some extent the
hard hit by Sandy and to some extent the
hard hit by Sandy and to some extent the Jersey Shore and the most press
Jersey Shore and the most press
Jersey Shore and the most press attention went to the big engineering
attention went to the big engineering
attention went to the big engineering solutions of course how about building a
solutions of course how about building a
solutions of course how about building a set of new barrier island
set of new barrier island
set of new barrier island across New York Harbor spectacular how
across New York Harbor spectacular how
across New York Harbor spectacular how about building an architectural II
about building an architectural II
about building an architectural II active wall of new cultural institutions
active wall of new cultural institutions
active wall of new cultural institutions around lower Manhattan in spiral the
around lower Manhattan in spiral the
around lower Manhattan in spiral the problem is that cities like New York
problem is that cities like New York
problem is that cities like New York lower Manhattan largely take care of
lower Manhattan largely take care of
lower Manhattan largely take care of themselves Chicago for example wykel
themselves Chicago for example wykel
themselves Chicago for example wykel London in a previous century burnt to
London in a previous century burnt to
London in a previous century burnt to the ground completely in 1871 but within
the ground completely in 1871 but within
the ground completely in 1871 but within two decades the city was back bigger and
two decades the city was back bigger and
two decades the city was back bigger and better than ever
better than ever
better than ever why because again it had built into it
why because again it had built into it
why because again it had built into it the essential ingredients of resilience
the essential ingredients of resilience
the essential ingredients of resilience not just protection from fires or storms
not just protection from fires or storms
not just protection from fires or storms but a robust economy an entrepreneurial
but a robust economy an entrepreneurial
but a robust economy an entrepreneurial community social and civic institutions
community social and civic institutions
community social and civic institutions which responded in a proactive and
which responded in a proactive and
which responded in a proactive and positive way all of those things
positive way all of those things
positive way all of those things lower Manhattan will take care of itself
lower Manhattan will take care of itself
lower Manhattan will take care of itself eventually it is it has exhibited
eventually it is it has exhibited
eventually it is it has exhibited extraordinary and inspiring resilience
extraordinary and inspiring resilience
extraordinary and inspiring resilience in the face as you know of very dramatic
in the face as you know of very dramatic
in the face as you know of very dramatic catastrophes in recent years but what
catastrophes in recent years but what
catastrophes in recent years but what about a city like Bridgeport Connecticut
about a city like Bridgeport Connecticut
about a city like Bridgeport Connecticut which before it ever got hit by
which before it ever got hit by
which before it ever got hit by Hurricane Irene in 2011 and then sandy
Hurricane Irene in 2011 and then sandy
Hurricane Irene in 2011 and then sandy again in 2012 had suffered the biggest
again in 2012 had suffered the biggest
again in 2012 had suffered the biggest catastrophe of all deindustrialization
catastrophe of all deindustrialization
catastrophe of all deindustrialization loss of its economic base loss of its
loss of its economic base loss of its
loss of its economic base loss of its sense of identity built around industry
sense of identity built around industry
sense of identity built around industry and innovation gone and then to add
and innovation gone and then to add
and innovation gone and then to add insult to injury it finds itself one of
insult to injury it finds itself one of
insult to injury it finds itself one of the poorest cities in the United States
the poorest cities in the United States
the poorest cities in the United States smack in the middle of one of the
smack in the middle of one of the
smack in the middle of one of the richest economies
richest economies
richest economies one of the richest counties now those of
one of the richest counties now those of
one of the richest counties now those of you who have commercial or residential
you who have commercial or residential
you who have commercial or residential real estate experience can do the back
real estate experience can do the back
real estate experience can do the back of the envelope map when trouble comes
of the envelope map when trouble comes
of the envelope map when trouble comes when you have to respond or rebuild
when you have to respond or rebuild
when you have to respond or rebuild who’s going to take care of themselves
who’s going to take care of themselves
who’s going to take care of themselves and who needs outside assistance so
and who needs outside assistance so
and who needs outside assistance so Bridgeport’s storms like New Orleans
Bridgeport’s storms like New Orleans
Bridgeport’s storms like New Orleans storms revealed underlying stresses and
storms revealed underlying stresses and
storms revealed underlying stresses and when we started to study the problem it
when we started to study the problem it
when we started to study the problem it got even more dramatic this is the
got even more dramatic this is the
got even more dramatic this is the hundred year flood map and you can see
hundred year flood map and you can see
hundred year flood map and you can see how much of Bridgeport in a 12 foot
how much of Bridgeport in a 12 foot
how much of Bridgeport in a 12 foot surge and you see our friend there
surge and you see our friend there
surge and you see our friend there leaning against the elevation indicator
leaning against the elevation indicator
leaning against the elevation indicator in the South End neighborhood where
in the South End neighborhood where
in the South End neighborhood where we’re working how much of it is really
we’re working how much of it is really
we’re working how much of it is really vulnerable and exposed beautiful little
vulnerable and exposed beautiful little
vulnerable and exposed beautiful little apparently stable but in fact quite
apparently stable but in fact quite
apparently stable but in fact quite marginal and delicate and fragile
marginal and delicate and fragile
marginal and delicate and fragile residential enclaves like seaside
residential enclaves like seaside
residential enclaves like seaside village periodically flood in fact it
village periodically flood in fact it
village periodically flood in fact it turns out that seaside village beautiful
turns out that seaside village beautiful
turns out that seaside village beautiful as it is was built on landfill as
as it is was built on landfill as
as it is was built on landfill as emergency wartime workers housing in the
emergency wartime workers housing in the
emergency wartime workers housing in the First World War and when it rains or
First World War and when it rains or
First World War and when it rains or storms seaside village gets it from
storms seaside village gets it from
storms seaside village gets it from every direction it gets it from the
every direction it gets it from the
every direction it gets it from the ocean it gets it from the creek it gets
ocean it gets it from the creek it gets
ocean it gets it from the creek it gets it from the sky of course and the upland
it from the sky of course and the upland
it from the sky of course and the upland water that’s coming down on it but it
water that’s coming down on it but it
water that’s coming down on it but it also gets it from below it has a high
also gets it from below it has a high
also gets it from below it has a high water table it’s built on a very soft
water table it’s built on a very soft
water table it’s built on a very soft fill so flooding is not just a simple
fill so flooding is not just a simple
fill so flooding is not just a simple problem of stopping the storm it’s a
problem of stopping the storm it’s a
problem of stopping the storm it’s a comprehensive problem and it turns out
comprehensive problem and it turns out
comprehensive problem and it turns out that cities had a kind of native
that cities had a kind of native
that cities had a kind of native intelligence if you look at all maps at
intelligence if you look at all maps at
intelligence if you look at all maps at places like Bridgeport and New Orleans
places like Bridgeport and New Orleans
places like Bridgeport and New Orleans surprise people built on the high ground
surprise people built on the high ground
surprise people built on the high ground not in the salt marshes we’ve only done
not in the salt marshes we’ve only done
not in the salt marshes we’ve only done that
that
that in the 20th and continuing into the 21st
in the 20th and continuing into the 21st
in the 20th and continuing into the 21st century so it seems natural to say well
century so it seems natural to say well
century so it seems natural to say well just retreat to the high ground of
just retreat to the high ground of
just retreat to the high ground of course if you don’t already live on the
course if you don’t already live on the
course if you don’t already live on the low ground like so many of the
low ground like so many of the
low ground like so many of the challenged residents of Bridgeport and
challenged residents of Bridgeport and
challenged residents of Bridgeport and other coastal communities the other
other coastal communities the other
other coastal communities the other natural response which is wonderful if
natural response which is wonderful if
natural response which is wonderful if you have the resources is build the big
you have the resources is build the big
you have the resources is build the big wall it’s not just immigrants build the
wall it’s not just immigrants build the
wall it’s not just immigrants build the Dutch style wall now we’ve learned a lot
Dutch style wall now we’ve learned a lot
Dutch style wall now we’ve learned a lot from the Dutch but in North America with
from the Dutch but in North America with
from the Dutch but in North America with our thousands of miles of complicated
our thousands of miles of complicated
our thousands of miles of complicated coastline our diverse communities are
coastline our diverse communities are
coastline our diverse communities are political disagreements think about the
political disagreements think about the
political disagreements think about the politics of coastal protection and
politics of coastal protection and
politics of coastal protection and recent political events the coasts the
recent political events the coasts the
recent political events the coasts the middle of the country the coasts that
middle of the country the coasts that
middle of the country the coasts that solution is not at least immediately
solution is not at least immediately
solution is not at least immediately available to us and so as we began work
available to us and so as we began work
available to us and so as we began work in Bridgeport we had a much softer idea
in Bridgeport we had a much softer idea
in Bridgeport we had a much softer idea an idea that was about adaptation and
an idea that was about adaptation and
an idea that was about adaptation and evolution rather than fortification and
evolution rather than fortification and
evolution rather than fortification and resistance it was forced upon us by the
resistance it was forced upon us by the
resistance it was forced upon us by the reality of the situation by economic
reality of the situation by economic
reality of the situation by economic necessity by the limited amount of
necessity by the limited amount of
necessity by the limited amount of resources that we were working with but
resources that we were working with but
resources that we were working with but also by the nature of the place one of
also by the nature of the place one of
also by the nature of the place one of the south ends great assets was a
the south ends great assets was a
the south ends great assets was a beautiful 1867 Olmstead Park homesteads
beautiful 1867 Olmstead Park homesteads
beautiful 1867 Olmstead Park homesteads only Waterfront Park Seaside Park which
only Waterfront Park Seaside Park which
only Waterfront Park Seaside Park which had been extended over time to two and a
had been extended over time to two and a
had been extended over time to two and a half miles of coastal public land this
half miles of coastal public land this
half miles of coastal public land this was a natural buffer what we said to
was a natural buffer what we said to
was a natural buffer what we said to ourselves if we could take that green
ourselves if we could take that green
ourselves if we could take that green edge and extend it over time
edge and extend it over time
edge and extend it over time comprehensively
comprehensively
comprehensively to protect and buffer from wave surge
to protect and buffer from wave surge
to protect and buffer from wave surge as much of the complicated coastline of
as much of the complicated coastline of
as much of the complicated coastline of a city like Bridgeport as possible what
a city like Bridgeport as possible what
a city like Bridgeport as possible what if we could even extend it into the
if we could even extend it into the
if we could even extend it into the neighborhoods as a system of new public
neighborhoods as a system of new public
neighborhoods as a system of new public space and parks that managed water both
space and parks that managed water both
space and parks that managed water both stormwater and water from surge that
stormwater and water from surge that
stormwater and water from surge that manage that rather than simply trying to
manage that rather than simply trying to
manage that rather than simply trying to resist it it’s a complicated system and
resist it it’s a complicated system and
resist it it’s a complicated system and like any complicated design it’s not at
like any complicated design it’s not at
like any complicated design it’s not at its most effective and particularly not
its most effective and particularly not
its most effective and particularly not at its most resilient when it’s somebody
at its most resilient when it’s somebody
at its most resilient when it’s somebody else’s project so this kind of work we
else’s project so this kind of work we
else’s project so this kind of work we think of necessity and by its very
think of necessity and by its very
think of necessity and by its very nature involves community engagement
nature involves community engagement
nature involves community engagement involves listening to the local
involves listening to the local
involves listening to the local community but in the long run involves
community but in the long run involves
community but in the long run involves empowering the local community because
empowering the local community because
empowering the local community because they are the ones who are going to have
they are the ones who are going to have
they are the ones who are going to have to live going forward and manage going
to live going forward and manage going
to live going forward and manage going forward and take ownership of a new
forward and take ownership of a new
forward and take ownership of a new landscape designed now not just to
landscape designed now not just to
landscape designed now not just to resist storms and water and catastrophe
resist storms and water and catastrophe
resist storms and water and catastrophe but to respond to it dynamically to
but to respond to it dynamically to
but to respond to it dynamically to manage it to store it for when in dry
manage it to store it for when in dry
manage it to store it for when in dry periods we actually need it and that
periods we actually need it and that
periods we actually need it and that operates at a number of very local
operates at a number of very local
operates at a number of very local scales water now is something that we
scales water now is something that we
scales water now is something that we don’t simply put into pipes out of sight
don’t simply put into pipes out of sight
don’t simply put into pipes out of sight out of mind
out of mind
out of mind or fence off with gigantic pieces of
or fence off with gigantic pieces of
or fence off with gigantic pieces of engineering but they we manage at all
engineering but they we manage at all
engineering but they we manage at all levels through new kinds of public space
levels through new kinds of public space
levels through new kinds of public space through new kinds of streets that hold
through new kinds of streets that hold
through new kinds of streets that hold and manage water rather than simply
and manage water rather than simply
and manage water rather than simply immediately deposit it into our
immediately deposit it into our
immediately deposit it into our overburden storm sewer systems and even
overburden storm sewer systems and even
overburden storm sewer systems and even in our own backyards this is a an
in our own backyards this is a an
in our own backyards this is a an approach which operates and a number of
approach which operates and a number of
approach which operates and a number of different scale
different scale
different scale that need like the storms and their
that need like the storms and their
that need like the storms and their damage itself to interact in complex and
damage itself to interact in complex and
damage itself to interact in complex and as I’ve said dynamic ways at the
as I’ve said dynamic ways at the
as I’ve said dynamic ways at the neighborhood scale certainly it’s local
neighborhood scale certainly it’s local
neighborhood scale certainly it’s local communities that need to understand now
communities that need to understand now
communities that need to understand now the specific threats and vulnerabilities
the specific threats and vulnerabilities
the specific threats and vulnerabilities and risks that they face but also at the
and risks that they face but also at the
and risks that they face but also at the scale of the region we’re all in this
scale of the region we’re all in this
scale of the region we’re all in this together particularly in New England
together particularly in New England
together particularly in New England we’re all part of a large and complex
we’re all part of a large and complex
we’re all part of a large and complex coastal system at the end of the day
coastal system at the end of the day
coastal system at the end of the day whether we like it or not the tide is
whether we like it or not the tide is
whether we like it or not the tide is rising these big storms are coming again
rising these big storms are coming again
rising these big storms are coming again they will most certainly come thank you
they will most certainly come thank you
they will most certainly come thank you [Applause]
[Applause]
[Applause] [Music]
”
Be First to Comment