I love driving I not only love driving I also love technology and that is why I
also love technology and that is why I
also love technology and that is why I was amazed when I saw in 2007 the DARPA
was amazed when I saw in 2007 the DARPA
was amazed when I saw in 2007 the DARPA Grand Challenge to take place in the
Grand Challenge to take place in the
Grand Challenge to take place in the Mojave Desert where 150 miles across
Mojave Desert where 150 miles across
Mojave Desert where 150 miles across this desert car is completely
this desert car is completely
this desert car is completely autonomously drove and reached their
autonomously drove and reached their
autonomously drove and reached their destination I was much more amazed when
destination I was much more amazed when
destination I was much more amazed when I saw in 2013 that mercedes-benz took a
I saw in 2013 that mercedes-benz took a
I saw in 2013 that mercedes-benz took a route Bertha Benz took in August 1888
route Bertha Benz took in August 1888
route Bertha Benz took in August 1888 with the first Benz from Mannheim to
with the first Benz from Mannheim to
with the first Benz from Mannheim to Heidelberg and when Mercedes completely
Heidelberg and when Mercedes completely
Heidelberg and when Mercedes completely autonomously drove all their over this
autonomously drove all their over this
autonomously drove all their over this bridge and actually this bridge crossing
bridge and actually this bridge crossing
bridge and actually this bridge crossing Heidelberg is the bridge I use for my
Heidelberg is the bridge I use for my
Heidelberg is the bridge I use for my morning jog and I always thought well
morning jog and I always thought well
morning jog and I always thought well why don’t we have this in medicine and
why don’t we have this in medicine and
why don’t we have this in medicine and just to give you a little bit of
just to give you a little bit of
just to give you a little bit of information about Medicine I can tell
information about Medicine I can tell
information about Medicine I can tell you one thing surgery is complex much
you one thing surgery is complex much
you one thing surgery is complex much more complex than you think we always
more complex than you think we always
more complex than you think we always think about surgery only about the
think about surgery only about the
think about surgery only about the single operation but it’s not it we have
single operation but it’s not it we have
single operation but it’s not it we have a preoperative phase and we have a
a preoperative phase and we have a
a preoperative phase and we have a post-operative phase and if you don’t
post-operative phase and if you don’t
post-operative phase and if you don’t care about that you’re not a good
care about that you’re not a good
care about that you’re not a good surgeon and you’re not a good physician
surgeon and you’re not a good physician
surgeon and you’re not a good physician why because you can do a perfect
why because you can do a perfect
why because you can do a perfect operation but on the wrong patient if
operation but on the wrong patient if
operation but on the wrong patient if your preoperative assessment is not the
your preoperative assessment is not the
your preoperative assessment is not the right one
right one
right one not so good same thing you do perfect
not so good same thing you do perfect
not so good same thing you do perfect operation perfect preoperative
operation perfect preoperative
operation perfect preoperative preparation and then you’re after the
preparation and then you’re after the
preparation and then you’re after the after the operation I did it everything
after the operation I did it everything
after the operation I did it everything is fine that’s not going to work out you
is fine that’s not going to work out you
is fine that’s not going to work out you have to take care of the patient and you
have to take care of the patient and you
have to take care of the patient and you have to see what is going on with him
have to see what is going on with him
have to see what is going on with him after the operation as well so it’s a
after the operation as well so it’s a
after the operation as well so it’s a whole process and just to give you an
whole process and just to give you an
whole process and just to give you an image how difficult it is and how much a
image how difficult it is and how much a
image how difficult it is and how much a data we already have for one single
data we already have for one single
data we already have for one single patient I show you this diagram this is
patient I show you this diagram this is
patient I show you this diagram this is a patient who received a liver
a patient who received a liver
a patient who received a liver transplantation in our hospital and what
transplantation in our hospital and what
transplantation in our hospital and what you see here is all his laboratory
you see here is all his laboratory
you see here is all his laboratory parameters and on the x-axis you can see
parameters and on the x-axis you can see
parameters and on the x-axis you can see the days and on the YX in axis you can
the days and on the YX in axis you can
the days and on the YX in axis you can see the relative faith of the parameters
see the relative faith of the parameters
see the relative faith of the parameters so who in this room can tell
so who in this room can tell
so who in this room can tell me whether this patient is well or not
me whether this patient is well or not
me whether this patient is well or not well
well
well impossible I can’t neither usually it’s
impossible I can’t neither usually it’s
impossible I can’t neither usually it’s not represented like that it’s much more
not represented like that it’s much more
not represented like that it’s much more in a tabular forum but I’ll show you one
in a tabular forum but I’ll show you one
in a tabular forum but I’ll show you one thing what you have to look for is
thing what you have to look for is
thing what you have to look for is complication patterns and this
complication patterns and this
complication patterns and this complication pattern for example is the
complication pattern for example is the
complication pattern for example is the operation here in the first days
operation here in the first days
operation here in the first days elevates liver enzymes inside of the
elevates liver enzymes inside of the
elevates liver enzymes inside of the blood which is okay which is normal but
blood which is okay which is normal but
blood which is okay which is normal but then they fall down which is also normal
then they fall down which is also normal
then they fall down which is also normal but then there is this double peak
but then there is this double peak
but then there is this double peak formation on day nine it’s building up
formation on day nine it’s building up
formation on day nine it’s building up and then it’s fully there if you take
and then it’s fully there if you take
and then it’s fully there if you take care of this patient on day nine he will
care of this patient on day nine he will
care of this patient on day nine he will be fine that is what happened in this
be fine that is what happened in this
be fine that is what happened in this case but if you wait too long time to
case but if you wait too long time to
case but if you wait too long time to response this patient might die he did
response this patient might die he did
response this patient might die he did not he is now well off but just to show
not he is now well off but just to show
not he is now well off but just to show you this is the patterns that we trained
you this is the patterns that we trained
you this is the patterns that we trained and that we have to provide all patients
and that we have to provide all patients
and that we have to provide all patients because there are more patients inside
because there are more patients inside
because there are more patients inside of our Hospital than only one and they
of our Hospital than only one and they
of our Hospital than only one and they come in different phases and there is
come in different phases and there is
come in different phases and there is also a different effort and also
also a different effort and also
also a different effort and also different diseases and not only that
different diseases and not only that
different diseases and not only that inside of the hospital we also have
inside of the hospital we also have
inside of the hospital we also have different specialities so what do we do
different specialities so what do we do
different specialities so what do we do how do we train all this and how do we
how do we train all this and how do we
how do we train all this and how do we go there well one thing is we
go there well one thing is we
go there well one thing is we specialized specialization for
specialized specialization for
specialized specialization for everything but we also have to look on
everything but we also have to look on
everything but we also have to look on medical literature and you have to train
medical literature and you have to train
medical literature and you have to train your whole life how do you do that well
your whole life how do you do that well
your whole life how do you do that well you go on MEDLINE MEDLINE is our
you go on MEDLINE MEDLINE is our
you go on MEDLINE MEDLINE is our worldwide Medical Library and there just
worldwide Medical Library and there just
worldwide Medical Library and there just to give you an impression how much it is
to give you an impression how much it is
to give you an impression how much it is last year where 185 thousand
last year where 185 thousand
last year where 185 thousand publications released tagged surgery I
publications released tagged surgery I
publications released tagged surgery I read them all okay so reality is we have
read them all okay so reality is we have
read them all okay so reality is we have to take care of our patients we have to
to take care of our patients we have to
to take care of our patients we have to take care and taking into account all
take care and taking into account all
take care and taking into account all his individual data may be imaging may
his individual data may be imaging may
his individual data may be imaging may be laboratory parameters or whatever and
be laboratory parameters or whatever and
be laboratory parameters or whatever and also our experience and also experience
also our experience and also experience
also our experience and also experience from other people in concerning studies
from other people in concerning studies
from other people in concerning studies or guidelines etc all this in a very
or guidelines etc all this in a very
or guidelines etc all this in a very complex
complex
complex setting well this may lead to error and
setting well this may lead to error and
setting well this may lead to error and what you can see here is the Swiss
what you can see here is the Swiss
what you can see here is the Swiss cheese model I don’t know if you are
cheese model I don’t know if you are
cheese model I don’t know if you are familiar with it but it’s very
familiar with it but it’s very
familiar with it but it’s very fascinating to err is human you see here
fascinating to err is human you see here
fascinating to err is human you see here a lot of layers and each layer
a lot of layers and each layer
a lot of layers and each layer represents a human so a nurse or a
represents a human so a nurse or a
represents a human so a nurse or a doctor and on the far left corner you
doctor and on the far left corner you
doctor and on the far left corner you can see an error and this error passes
can see an error and this error passes
can see an error and this error passes each layer so it’s not seen by the nurse
each layer so it’s not seen by the nurse
each layer so it’s not seen by the nurse it’s not seen by the doctor happens
it’s not seen by the doctor happens
it’s not seen by the doctor happens every day but what comes out if we have
every day but what comes out if we have
every day but what comes out if we have a lot of layers and nobody sees the
a lot of layers and nobody sees the
a lot of layers and nobody sees the error maybe it becomes a fatal error and
error maybe it becomes a fatal error and
error maybe it becomes a fatal error and what do we need there is so many
what do we need there is so many
what do we need there is so many possibilities there are so many
possibilities there are so many
possibilities there are so many different diseases and also so much data
different diseases and also so much data
different diseases and also so much data that we need an assistant
that we need an assistant
that we need an assistant we need and cognitive as assistant we
we need and cognitive as assistant we
we need and cognitive as assistant we need a human-like machine that perceives
need a human-like machine that perceives
need a human-like machine that perceives information uses a knowledge base
information uses a knowledge base
information uses a knowledge base interprets the data based on the
interprets the data based on the
interprets the data based on the perception and the knowledge base
perception and the knowledge base
perception and the knowledge base knowledge base to perform an intelligent
knowledge base to perform an intelligent
knowledge base to perform an intelligent context-aware action and i will show you
context-aware action and i will show you
context-aware action and i will show you some examples that we performed in this
some examples that we performed in this
some examples that we performed in this area and i want to say that none of this
area and i want to say that none of this
area and i want to say that none of this is only my work it’s rather a joint
is only my work it’s rather a joint
is only my work it’s rather a joint effort of a multidisciplinary team and
effort of a multidisciplinary team and
effort of a multidisciplinary team and mostly together with other medical
mostly together with other medical
mostly together with other medical colleagues but also with the council we
colleagues but also with the council we
colleagues but also with the council we Institute of Technology and the German
Institute of Technology and the German
Institute of Technology and the German Cancer Research Center and together we
Cancer Research Center and together we
Cancer Research Center and together we made all this possible so just an
made all this possible so just an
made all this possible so just an example perioperative
example perioperative
example perioperative imaging maybe you are familiar with cat
imaging maybe you are familiar with cat
imaging maybe you are familiar with cat scans so this is an example of a cat
scans so this is an example of a cat
scans so this is an example of a cat scan of a patient with a colorectal
scan of a patient with a colorectal
scan of a patient with a colorectal metastases so whoever now sees it
metastases so whoever now sees it
metastases so whoever now sees it already is very good we are very good in
already is very good we are very good in
already is very good we are very good in pattern recognition I will help you
pattern recognition I will help you
pattern recognition I will help you the liver is on the left side of the
the liver is on the left side of the
the liver is on the left side of the picture and there in the middle you can
picture and there in the middle you can
picture and there in the middle you can see this small well we say hi to dens
see this small well we say hi to dens
see this small well we say hi to dens lesion small lesion so that’s what
lesion small lesion so that’s what
lesion small lesion so that’s what usually the radiologist sees and
usually the radiologist sees and
usually the radiologist sees and yesterday radiology worked like this
yesterday radiology worked like this
yesterday radiology worked like this he took his dictaphone he saw this
he took his dictaphone he saw this
he took his dictaphone he saw this lesion and he dictated a prose text so
lesion and he dictated a prose text so
lesion and he dictated a prose text so his individual analog human
his individual analog human
his individual analog human interpretation
interpretation
interpretation this lesion and then the next
this lesion and then the next
this lesion and then the next radiologist came and next radiologist
radiologist came and next radiologist
radiologist came and next radiologist next radiologist and you had the picture
next radiologist and you had the picture
next radiologist and you had the picture on one side and yet on the other side
on one side and yet on the other side
on one side and yet on the other side the texts but they were not together in
the texts but they were not together in
the texts but they were not together in one database so what is possible today
one database so what is possible today
one database so what is possible today you not only look at that but you just
you not only look at that but you just
you not only look at that but you just really measure each individual lesion
really measure each individual lesion
really measure each individual lesion and then you can see a diameter but not
and then you can see a diameter but not
and then you can see a diameter but not only the diameter there are lots of
only the diameter there are lots of
only the diameter there are lots of parameters that you can generate out of
parameters that you can generate out of
parameters that you can generate out of this and also follow it up through the
this and also follow it up through the
this and also follow it up through the course of the disease well what can you
course of the disease well what can you
course of the disease well what can you do with this then is to implement
do with this then is to implement
do with this then is to implement clinical guidelines that are respected
clinical guidelines that are respected
clinical guidelines that are respected internationally in this case resist one
internationally in this case resist one
internationally in this case resist one point one guideline and together with
point one guideline and together with
point one guideline and together with those profiles and those categories and
those profiles and those categories and
those profiles and those categories and attributes you can really perform a
attributes you can really perform a
attributes you can really perform a context adaptive report so you will have
context adaptive report so you will have
context adaptive report so you will have one for example for prostate cancer you
one for example for prostate cancer you
one for example for prostate cancer you will have one for lung cancer you will
will have one for lung cancer you will
will have one for lung cancer you will have one for chemotherapy follow-up but
have one for chemotherapy follow-up but
have one for chemotherapy follow-up but what is also much more important is that
what is also much more important is that
what is also much more important is that you just combined the image and the
you just combined the image and the
you just combined the image and the information in one report and what you
information in one report and what you
information in one report and what you really can do then is that all of your
really can do then is that all of your
really can do then is that all of your images on all your data is then a
images on all your data is then a
images on all your data is then a searchable database in clinical routine
searchable database in clinical routine
searchable database in clinical routine use imagine what is possible with a
use imagine what is possible with a
use imagine what is possible with a technology like that well I’m a surgeon
technology like that well I’m a surgeon
technology like that well I’m a surgeon so I have to talk about surgery and I’m
so I have to talk about surgery and I’m
so I have to talk about surgery and I’m also inside of the operating room I
also inside of the operating room I
also inside of the operating room I looked at all the pictures
looked at all the pictures
looked at all the pictures preoperatively well I can show you one
preoperatively well I can show you one
preoperatively well I can show you one of our modern hybrid ORS and what you
of our modern hybrid ORS and what you
of our modern hybrid ORS and what you can see there is a very complex setting
can see there is a very complex setting
can see there is a very complex setting it got more and more and more and there
it got more and more and more and there
it got more and more and more and there are a lot of medical devices in fact in
are a lot of medical devices in fact in
are a lot of medical devices in fact in our Hospital alone there are 40,000
our Hospital alone there are 40,000
our Hospital alone there are 40,000 medical devices today just to improve or
medical devices today just to improve or
medical devices today just to improve or just to take care of the patient in the
just to take care of the patient in the
just to take care of the patient in the best way possible 40,000 and all of
best way possible 40,000 and all of
best way possible 40,000 and all of these medical devices are effectors and
these medical devices are effectors and
these medical devices are effectors and that’s what they but they are well meant
that’s what they but they are well meant
that’s what they but they are well meant to be they do something for the patient
to be they do something for the patient
to be they do something for the patient or we do something with them for the
or we do something with them for the
or we do something with them for the patient but all I want to say to you is
patient but all I want to say to you is
patient but all I want to say to you is that they are not only effectors they
that they are not only effectors they
that they are not only effectors they are in in reality also
are in in reality also
are in in reality also census just to give you an example we
census just to give you an example we
census just to give you an example we use to open the abdomen that is
use to open the abdomen that is
use to open the abdomen that is necessary for the operation an electric
necessary for the operation an electric
necessary for the operation an electric scalpel and this electric scalpel
scalpel and this electric scalpel
scalpel and this electric scalpel we use and then operation begins usually
we use and then operation begins usually
we use and then operation begins usually when you’re not seeing an electric
when you’re not seeing an electric
when you’re not seeing an electric scuttle as a sensor the nurse and the
scuttle as a sensor the nurse and the
scuttle as a sensor the nurse and the anesthesiologist will ask after the
anesthesiologist will ask after the
anesthesiologist will ask after the operation homage wow it took a long time
operation homage wow it took a long time
operation homage wow it took a long time what do you think when did we start the
what do you think when did we start the
what do you think when did we start the operation and the nurse will say I think
operation and the nurse will say I think
operation and the nurse will say I think it was 2:30 and then the still
it was 2:30 and then the still
it was 2:30 and then the still anesthesiologist will say I think it was
anesthesiologist will say I think it was
anesthesiologist will say I think it was 250 ok let’s say 240 well that’s maybe
250 ok let’s say 240 well that’s maybe
250 ok let’s say 240 well that’s maybe not how it should be done it should not
not how it should be done it should not
not how it should be done it should not be done by a human it’s also a surplus
be done by a human it’s also a surplus
be done by a human it’s also a surplus effort of documentation and you have the
effort of documentation and you have the
effort of documentation and you have the Electric scalpel who knew when it was if
Electric scalpel who knew when it was if
Electric scalpel who knew when it was if it were not that dump so you have to
it were not that dump so you have to
it were not that dump so you have to integrate those information as sensor
integrate those information as sensor
integrate those information as sensor data well in these images are not for
data well in these images are not for
data well in these images are not for the faint of heart but I think you will
the faint of heart but I think you will
the faint of heart but I think you will have a nice impression of how a 3d
have a nice impression of how a 3d
have a nice impression of how a 3d representation of the abdomen can be
representation of the abdomen can be
representation of the abdomen can be made on the upper left corner and how
made on the upper left corner and how
made on the upper left corner and how clinical tasks can be assessed and can
clinical tasks can be assessed and can
clinical tasks can be assessed and can be seen and extracted from the imaging
be seen and extracted from the imaging
be seen and extracted from the imaging which you can see on the upper images
which you can see on the upper images
which you can see on the upper images and on the lower right you can see that
and on the lower right you can see that
and on the lower right you can see that the different parameters change
the different parameters change
the different parameters change throughout the operation so for each
throughout the operation so for each
throughout the operation so for each phase of the operation you will have a
phase of the operation you will have a
phase of the operation you will have a different activation of set of medical
different activation of set of medical
different activation of set of medical devices while you take this and this is
devices while you take this and this is
devices while you take this and this is how an abdomen looks like when you do
how an abdomen looks like when you do
how an abdomen looks like when you do laparoscopic surgery so you take this
laparoscopic surgery so you take this
laparoscopic surgery so you take this and give this a computer and then he can
and give this a computer and then he can
and give this a computer and then he can interpret what phase of the operation
interpret what phase of the operation
interpret what phase of the operation are we had and that scan that you can
are we had and that scan that you can
are we had and that scan that you can see on the right hand corner and then
see on the right hand corner and then
see on the right hand corner and then you can show perioperative
you can show perioperative
you can show perioperative imaging preoperative imaging intra
imaging preoperative imaging intra
imaging preoperative imaging intra operative Lee in a context-aware manner
operative Lee in a context-aware manner
operative Lee in a context-aware manner so you can see the relevant information
so you can see the relevant information
so you can see the relevant information for this phase or you can say well
for this phase or you can say well
for this phase or you can say well probably the operation is in phase 3 it
probably the operation is in phase 3 it
probably the operation is in phase 3 it will take another 30 minutes to finish
will take another 30 minutes to finish
will take another 30 minutes to finish it finish it so I will inform the nurse
it finish it so I will inform the nurse
it finish it so I will inform the nurse on the world to bring the next patient
on the world to bring the next patient
on the world to bring the next patient and she can organize
and she can organize
and she can organize herself in a better way it’s not only
herself in a better way it’s not only
herself in a better way it’s not only that process optimization it’s also
that process optimization it’s also
that process optimization it’s also automation of surgical tasks so what we
automation of surgical tasks so what we
automation of surgical tasks so what we did is we trained a robot to guide the
did is we trained a robot to guide the
did is we trained a robot to guide the laparoscopic camera and this
laparoscopic camera and this
laparoscopic camera and this laparoscopic camera was trained on 20
laparoscopic camera was trained on 20
laparoscopic camera was trained on 20 operations and these 20 operations as
operations and these 20 operations as
operations and these 20 operations as we’re then calculated like good image
we’re then calculated like good image
we’re then calculated like good image bad image medium image and from that it
bad image medium image and from that it
bad image medium image and from that it was able to anticipate the next moves up
was able to anticipate the next moves up
was able to anticipate the next moves up of the surgeon and was truly able to
of the surgeon and was truly able to
of the surgeon and was truly able to assist the surgeon and not only follow
assist the surgeon and not only follow
assist the surgeon and not only follow the surgical instruments because
the surgical instruments because
the surgical instruments because sometimes they are out of you and they
sometimes they are out of you and they
sometimes they are out of you and they should be out of you because the more
should be out of you because the more
should be out of you because the more interesting part is in the lower abdomen
interesting part is in the lower abdomen
interesting part is in the lower abdomen and focused on the other instrument but
and focused on the other instrument but
and focused on the other instrument but it’s not enough to talk about the
it’s not enough to talk about the
it’s not enough to talk about the operation room it’s also about clinical
operation room it’s also about clinical
operation room it’s also about clinical processes and it’s also about the
processes and it’s also about the
processes and it’s also about the hospital here you can see 18 thousand
hospital here you can see 18 thousand
hospital here you can see 18 thousand patients following a clinical process
patients following a clinical process
patients following a clinical process inside of our hospital and we depict
inside of our hospital and we depict
inside of our hospital and we depict this and what you can see here are these
this and what you can see here are these
this and what you can see here are these cohorts and what is very astounding
cohorts and what is very astounding
cohorts and what is very astounding about these cohorts is that there are
about these cohorts is that there are
about these cohorts is that there are similarities between cohorts that were
similarities between cohorts that were
similarities between cohorts that were not obvious before because it were
not obvious before because it were
not obvious before because it were different specialties one was miss Royal
different specialties one was miss Royal
different specialties one was miss Royal surgery we won Ross urology and they did
surgery we won Ross urology and they did
surgery we won Ross urology and they did not realize that they have patients that
not realize that they have patients that
not realize that they have patients that go together very well well I talked
go together very well well I talked
go together very well well I talked about building we will have a new
about building we will have a new
about building we will have a new building a new surgical building in
building a new surgical building in
building a new surgical building in Heidelberg which I can take off and it
Heidelberg which I can take off and it
Heidelberg which I can take off and it will be open in 2019 and will be what we
will be open in 2019 and will be what we
will be open in 2019 and will be what we do there is you have to give all of this
do there is you have to give all of this
do there is you have to give all of this home and we will have a very nice home
home and we will have a very nice home
home and we will have a very nice home and these rooms will be staffed with
and these rooms will be staffed with
and these rooms will be staffed with parts of this technology to really
parts of this technology to really
parts of this technology to really enable a digital clinic and what you can
enable a digital clinic and what you can
enable a digital clinic and what you can see here is the digital sibling that we
see here is the digital sibling that we
see here is the digital sibling that we already established which is now our
already established which is now our
already established which is now our intermediate care unit and what you can
intermediate care unit and what you can
intermediate care unit and what you can see here is the clinical processes
see here is the clinical processes
see here is the clinical processes evolve inside of the hospital you can
evolve inside of the hospital you can
evolve inside of the hospital you can see the nurse caring for the patient you
see the nurse caring for the patient you
see the nurse caring for the patient you can see a visitor and you can follow all
can see a visitor and you can follow all
can see a visitor and you can follow all of those processes what
of those processes what
of those processes what can you do with it you can do education
can you do with it you can do education
can you do with it you can do education you can do validation you can do
you can do validation you can do
you can do validation you can do training on it and you can also do
training on it and you can also do
training on it and you can also do process optimization and also there are
process optimization and also there are
process optimization and also there are doctors walking over there in the LA and
doctors walking over there in the LA and
doctors walking over there in the LA and you can watch them go on the morning
you can watch them go on the morning
you can watch them go on the morning round and after the morning route go to
round and after the morning route go to
round and after the morning route go to the or are all inside of this virtual
the or are all inside of this virtual
the or are all inside of this virtual model speaking of the doctor now one of
model speaking of the doctor now one of
model speaking of the doctor now one of the most fascinating things are these
the most fascinating things are these
the most fascinating things are these cognitive agents that are already out
cognitive agents that are already out
cognitive agents that are already out there so maybe you know the IBM Watson
there so maybe you know the IBM Watson
there so maybe you know the IBM Watson system and we call the system
system and we call the system
system and we call the system I am Watson MD and what we did we had
I am Watson MD and what we did we had
I am Watson MD and what we did we had access together with our friends and at
access together with our friends and at
access together with our friends and at the cows were Institute of Technology to
the cows were Institute of Technology to
the cows were Institute of Technology to the IBM Watson Explorer program and
the IBM Watson Explorer program and
the IBM Watson Explorer program and Watson Explorer program lets you well
Watson Explorer program lets you well
Watson Explorer program lets you well work on a certain project and we said
work on a certain project and we said
work on a certain project and we said hey why not pass the USMLE USMLE is the
hey why not pass the USMLE USMLE is the
hey why not pass the USMLE USMLE is the United States medical licensing exam and
United States medical licensing exam and
United States medical licensing exam and we tried to pass this exam with that
we tried to pass this exam with that
we tried to pass this exam with that system well what you can see here is an
system well what you can see here is an
system well what you can see here is an example question and you can see that
example question and you can see that
example question and you can see that they are rather complex so there’s a
they are rather complex so there’s a
they are rather complex so there’s a long story and again there is relevant
long story and again there is relevant
long story and again there is relevant information there is much irrelevant
information there is much irrelevant
information there is much irrelevant information and you have nine possible
information and you have nine possible
information and you have nine possible answers guessing rate is about 15% if
answers guessing rate is about 15% if
answers guessing rate is about 15% if you are pretty knowledgeable or with
you are pretty knowledgeable or with
you are pretty knowledgeable or with human with good human sense you would
human with good human sense you would
human with good human sense you would make it probably 225 but not much more
make it probably 225 but not much more
make it probably 225 but not much more we trained the system and this system
we trained the system and this system
we trained the system and this system learned by Wikipedia all medical
learned by Wikipedia all medical
learned by Wikipedia all medical articles there which were around 40,000
articles there which were around 40,000
articles there which were around 40,000 and also some open source medical
and also some open source medical
and also some open source medical textbooks and then also trained the
textbooks and then also trained the
textbooks and then also trained the system on 800 USMLE questions and guess
system on 800 USMLE questions and guess
system on 800 USMLE questions and guess what how much we did we got well we did
what how much we did we got well we did
what how much we did we got well we did not pass the exam
otherwise I would have changed my
otherwise I would have changed my profession maybe long ago no it we are
profession maybe long ago no it we are
profession maybe long ago no it we are close we were close it was 50% which is
close we were close it was 50% which is
close we were close it was 50% which is much more than an average surgeon would
much more than an average surgeon would
much more than an average surgeon would be able to do when he when he is five or
be able to do when he when he is five or
be able to do when he when he is five or six years in in in the clinic 65% are
six years in in in the clinic 65% are
six years in in in the clinic 65% are there to pass and you won’t want a
there to pass and you won’t want a
there to pass and you won’t want a system that passes with a 65% that is
system that passes with a 65% that is
system that passes with a 65% that is clear and take care of this but just
clear and take care of this but just
clear and take care of this but just imagine what it means United States
imagine what it means United States
imagine what it means United States medical licensing exam when you pass it
medical licensing exam when you pass it
medical licensing exam when you pass it you are allowed to diagnose you are
you are allowed to diagnose you are
you are allowed to diagnose you are allowed to administer therapies and let
allowed to administer therapies and let
allowed to administer therapies and let me say this I think by 2020 this system
me say this I think by 2020 this system
me say this I think by 2020 this system will pass that test and will change our
will pass that test and will change our
will pass that test and will change our future and what I really love is driving
future and what I really love is driving
future and what I really love is driving and I would love to drive a Tesla this
and I would love to drive a Tesla this
and I would love to drive a Tesla this is not possible now that what they do is
is not possible now that what they do is
is not possible now that what they do is right it’s amazing what they did they
right it’s amazing what they did they
right it’s amazing what they did they issued an update and the Model S could
issued an update and the Model S could
issued an update and the Model S could drive autonomously just like that
drive autonomously just like that
drive autonomously just like that isn’t it amazing and then another issue
isn’t it amazing and then another issue
isn’t it amazing and then another issue and the car drove faster a issue of an
and the car drove faster a issue of an
and the car drove faster a issue of an update and the car drove faster so I
update and the car drove faster so I
update and the car drove faster so I think this is really a paradigm that we
think this is really a paradigm that we
think this is really a paradigm that we will have to adapt adopt this is the
will have to adapt adopt this is the
will have to adapt adopt this is the thing that updates will be driving the
thing that updates will be driving the
thing that updates will be driving the healthcare revolution why because we
healthcare revolution why because we
healthcare revolution why because we started eminence based eminence based is
started eminence based eminence based is
started eminence based eminence based is the one very good search and one very
the one very good search and one very
the one very good search and one very good physician who has 100 cases in his
good physician who has 100 cases in his
good physician who has 100 cases in his mind but the next step will be to
mind but the next step will be to
mind but the next step will be to implement evidence-based medicine inside
implement evidence-based medicine inside
implement evidence-based medicine inside of them you can remember a few studies
of them you can remember a few studies
of them you can remember a few studies but not all of them but combine them
but not all of them but combine them
but not all of them but combine them inside of a system a cognitive system
inside of a system a cognitive system
inside of a system a cognitive system with real-world data and then you will
with real-world data and then you will
with real-world data and then you will be truly there that software will be a
be truly there that software will be a
be truly there that software will be a drug software is a drug that will
drug software is a drug that will
drug software is a drug that will update our healthcare system and
update our healthcare system and
update our healthcare system and perceive information based on a large
perceive information based on a large
perceive information based on a large base interpret it and give an
base interpret it and give an
base interpret it and give an appropriate context away action this is
appropriate context away action this is
appropriate context away action this is true context of an intelligent assistant
true context of an intelligent assistant
true context of an intelligent assistant assistants will come and they will
assistants will come and they will
assistants will come and they will provide everybody the patient the
provide everybody the patient the
provide everybody the patient the surgeon the nurse even the manager with
surgeon the nurse even the manager with
surgeon the nurse even the manager with the right action the relevant interval
the right action the relevant interval
the right action the relevant interval information at the right time at the
information at the right time at the
information at the right time at the right place and this will happen very
right place and this will happen very
right place and this will happen very soon thank you
soon thank you
soon thank you [Applause]
”
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