thanks thanks for being 4 other a place
beautiful I did not know him and saw him
from here the lights are even more
beautiful
I forgot the pointer then
I get out of the red dot but I wanted to tell you that
for the occasion I put a
very special dress because I do not know
if you know the legend from the days of coco
chanel onwards every adult woman must
have a black dress invested in one
sheath me no I took this here
especially to tell you why
this is over in my wardrobe is
a rather strange story and it is
this this dress belonged to one
so take her an American actress
I can not say the name
this American actress has done her
tour in Italy had been in Milan
Venice in Rome and then it was taken
a few days of vacation here in Tuscany
and had ended up in a farmhouse in the
country after my grandparents have the home of
therefore, therefore, a family where I too am with
my cousins are used to going
when so a summer weekend
what she did was hers
days in the farm has sent the
dressed to wash then instructed
the assistance and the personal settante of
go laundry and laundry was
washed the dress remained there
laundry and no one is more gone to
withdraw it then the American actress is
broken down for america and this dress
he stayed here in a country here in the
next day one day the lady of the
laundry has realized that this
the dress had remained her
nephew told her yes to put it on
ebay but she, in short, kept us a bit
day and I saw it go by and it has me
chased on the road with silvia segnò
a thing to show you maybe maybe
you like it too and I went in the
back room gave me this dress
I put it on and used it perfectly
it seemed made for me
and then the lady in the laundry has
Well said, it’s yours now
because I told you this story
I’ve told because false because
it’s not true at all it did not go
at all events, however, history is not of the
all false
I want to say there are real parts
of the likely parts of the parts
plausible parts that you could
check now for example if mine
family has a home owned here
in the neighborhood it is plausible to hear mine
100 I speak Tuscan so could not
be wrong instead false and there are
of the unlikely parts but enough
have for example that this dress
I had it after a passing of
someone famous from Italy is
true enough but I work in the area
rai and it also happens that things can
be gone much more
simple of such a veil also told
because I now come from profession
call and here too there was
there was a little this this this
call to tell bufale fake news
what is false in the things that that i
journalists especially when they have to
what to do with science tell us
But I thought maybe it could be
more interesting to tell the story
contrary, to tell you how much
instead the truth may not be so
true and how difficult it is to talk about
truth, in short, the buffaloes leave it alone
those we say we give it for and established
if something is a dance it’s a dance
But truths can also take on
very different aspects can adapt
for example you could think of the only one
true thing that this dress is black
even this for science can be
questionable are you are your eyes
who see it this way because it does not reflect
the light and we have a physiologist then
this thing can explain it to us
explain better however in general yes
he can say that the original problem is
the science, that is, that I must write about
science when dealing with the truth
of science I have to understand what it is
intends in that area there for truth
science speaks of laws of nature but
the laws of nature do not exist in the
nature is the way we read them
things that happen to us around and around
consequently they are also valid as long as they are
we of nature have a certain
vision then they are overcome in fact
scientists keep us
which are provisional then not
provisional and perhaps circumscribed
if now I drop the pointer
the pointer falls to the ground and goes
fine newton to rewrite this
singular phenomenon but if instead I want
go to mars i need to know
the twentieth century physics
in the same way science will tell you
fired will tell me the most honest ones
that science uses words and numbers
and formulas that are conventions
exactly like in our language
therefore already the word truth in the
science is already an object enough
quite delicate then there are many
situations in which it is convenient for us
this truth adapt it to ours
life
I will make him see four are
situations in which adaptation is
clear and recognizable and also let’s say
honest the others are situations in which
I could discuss it for a long time
I show four if they could
be thousands
one is the question of the earth who says
we put it today that the earth is flat
in the buffalo side though if I come from here
I have to go to Piazza del Campo you me
make a marchetta on a piece of paper
it is considered the flat earth
modeled the earth as if it were
flat and it’s fine with me that I have to
go only to Piazza del Campo
and not on mars and it’s great for you
so this truth we are
adapting the comfort of our life
then there are circumstances a little more
complicated in which to adapt the truth
that’s what we want the
truth tells us then for example
this gentleman here you all know him
how many and darwin
he has described laws of nature
who wanted this gentleman in biology
here herbert spencer that he took
they are practically coeval
the laws of nature described to give you
in the adapted to the description of the
company then began to say
what a refrein you hear
quite often still today than in
world survives those who adapt better to
changes this by describing one
quite ruthless company that leaves
back who does not make it and the
Social darwinism that we say one
stretching that give me would not have
never granted because you realize
that very classy also no
and today, however, they have come down from them
let’s say social theories enough
controversy is not yet very present
in our lives
third system for which the truth
scientific we have to do it from time to time
reviewing very closely
our lives and above all ours
health then there and as far as the
scientific truth science tells us
we owe these things to us
adapted to other systems the values
we must discuss we must make ourselves
read we can not think that as
in biology, things are like that then
Italian law absolutely must
behave accordingly because between
we value systems exist
respectable as those of the
religion
someone was not there anyone has it
we must agree
and this thing is about more than the
science in itself concerns the kind of
company we want to build with
the help among other things of science
fourth case concerns the science of per
self science itself scientists
they tend to describe it as a world
very pure where they are pursued by the
social purposes that are beneficial for
all humanity and scientists
they work together to get to gods
common goals well it’s not actually
so science needs money
science becomes cooperations la
science needs politics again
we must decide together what kind of
society of what kind of future we want
in short, you have to decide
if the money of the European taxpayers there
we put on the infrared or on the carbon
for one thing
on robotics or neurosciences are
so much money we have to build together
this type
of debate and are choices of fact
policies there is no objectivity
within these these choices
all this I summarized it so but
obviously there are several centuries of
philosophy several centuries of system
logie I tell science
and so now I take a step forward
I show four ways with which
we who tell the science we can
let’s say distort this more
truth
1 does not depend only on us this ce
I put it because it always speaks badly
of journalists I would like to show you that
sometimes if we are wrong and because the
truth there is a little frigate this was the
2014
we talk about these cosmic inflation
they are the institutional sites of the agencies
that deal with this kind of
research in short, gravitational waves 2014
gravitational waves we write all of them
how many yet a year later officers
That
Well, they were wrong, they did not
we were wrong we were was of the
dust that in short, a little confused and i
tools happens
science progresses so acceptable
indeed it is almost beautiful in the science system
occasionally make mistakes and correct them
with the comfort of the whole community
go forward February 2016 waves
Gravitationals have really been seen
the second system can happen that
what happens in biology to physics is
much simpler in physics are all
how many always agree in biology
in biomedical research there can
be things like this
concerning genetic editing
news that only come 20 days later
a little in our parlance is said
resize well it’s not that we have
precisely correct genetic errors
of human embryos
we said it so a month later everyone
together we do not resize the third case
the third case and when one arrives
truth we understand fired have
understood that red meat can be
carcinogenic but it is too complicated star
to explain how when and why us
we have two and a half lines to make one
title and here is this title here is not
false it is true that red meat e
carcinogenic but it is not true that he is
how much smoke is asbestos and it is
it’s a pretty subtle thing that
unfortunately it has passed so here it is not
nobody’s fault, however, the truth is
arrived in a way a little different from
what should have been hers
fourth system path is clearly
the scam this too should
put in the hoaxes there is
who somehow distinguishes I’ll show you
this case only because they have here
cheated both scientists and i
journalists so there is no
guilty
this is a French newspaper that
publish the news that finally yes
the evidence of the
carcinogenicity of GMOs
I have spent so many decades trying to say
that GMOs do not cause cancer
he had succeeded
and here is good here is the journalist
both the scientist had done let’s say
Error aware that they had the
very serious cases the scientists had
journalist research did not do it
they had checked it would be two
very big mistakes if we want
call them errors actually in reality
it’s something worse so we have
since the scientific truth itself
he has problems
science itself is a construction one
little bit more complex than an object in
able to give us 10 true false
the story of science in turn the
change there is a third element that
things get worse
and it’s like you understand it I told you the
dressed in black maybe not so i
your eyes see it as black but then
there is another actor than yours
brain that plays that stuff there
how black your brain is like the
mine like that of scientists is not
a perfect system if told
a fairy tale you will have understood that I have mentioned
cinderella in putting on the dress that
he used to fit me in this one
fairy tale look good looking bad
look for a hero who defeats the villain
and if so it is not you more or less like that
you understand then however you make it easy for
you red meat cause cancer for
as for us, in short, it is the fact that
reception is not always perfect is
the third actor who complicates things in
all this short, I want to tell you that the
our brain is made on purpose by
evolution for a thousand reasons
to believe things a little patchy
and sometimes even just to the false ones
buffaloes
as for science and its story
do not ask us the truth I will not do it
we can give us that we tell the story
science we will never be able to give you the
truth
but we will see the story of something
better something human and in my opinion
also terribly fascinating thanks
I hope I enjoyed my dress
[Applause]
[Music]
”
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