my name is Steve angles I’m one of the associate professors in the department
associate professors in the department
associate professors in the department of computer sign
my main thing is to ask or pose one
my main thing is to ask or pose one question of everyone today and that is
question of everyone today and that is
question of everyone today and that is what is the difference mainly behind
what is the difference mainly behind
what is the difference mainly behind computer intelligence and human
computer intelligence and human
computer intelligence and human intelligence now I’ve been working in
intelligence now I’ve been working in
intelligence now I’ve been working in artificial intelligence for a while you
artificial intelligence for a while you
artificial intelligence for a while you know basically since the 90s and ever
know basically since the 90s and ever
know basically since the 90s and ever since I started in AI there’s always
since I started in AI there’s always
since I started in AI there’s always been a standard test to determine
been a standard test to determine
been a standard test to determine whether computers have reached human
whether computers have reached human
whether computers have reached human level intelligence
level intelligence
level intelligence so for the longest time when I was
so for the longest time when I was
so for the longest time when I was growing up that was chess you know if a
growing up that was chess you know if a
growing up that was chess you know if a computer was able to beat humans at
computer was able to beat humans at
computer was able to beat humans at chess they would be intelligent enough
chess they would be intelligent enough
chess they would be intelligent enough to be considered to be smart and so this
to be considered to be smart and so this
to be considered to be smart and so this continued for a while until about 1997
continued for a while until about 1997
continued for a while until about 1997 IBM created deep blue deep blue managed
IBM created deep blue deep blue managed
IBM created deep blue deep blue managed to beat the world reigning champion in
to beat the world reigning champion in
to beat the world reigning champion in chess Garry Kasparov and so it wasn’t
chess Garry Kasparov and so it wasn’t
chess Garry Kasparov and so it wasn’t that people suddenly thought that
that people suddenly thought that
that people suddenly thought that computers were intelligent
computers were intelligent
computers were intelligent they certainly decided you know what we
they certainly decided you know what we
they certainly decided you know what we need to change the bar we need to find
need to change the bar we need to find
need to change the bar we need to find other tests to determine whether
other tests to determine whether
other tests to determine whether computers are actually considered to be
computers are actually considered to be
computers are actually considered to be intelligent or not and there was various
intelligent or not and there was various
intelligent or not and there was various ones some of them we’re trying to say
ones some of them we’re trying to say
ones some of them we’re trying to say what can they know things as well as
what can they know things as well as
what can they know things as well as humans do you know can we actually ask
humans do you know can we actually ask
humans do you know can we actually ask some questions about certain subjects
some questions about certain subjects
some questions about certain subjects and have them answer in intelligent ways
and have them answer in intelligent ways
and have them answer in intelligent ways and so that was considered to be a new
and so that was considered to be a new
and so that was considered to be a new standard of course there’s no way that
standard of course there’s no way that
standard of course there’s no way that computers would be able to hit this
computers would be able to hit this
computers would be able to hit this until about 2011 IBM again came up with
until about 2011 IBM again came up with
until about 2011 IBM again came up with the idea of Watson Watson was able to
the idea of Watson Watson was able to
the idea of Watson Watson was able to read through all sorts of unstructured
read through all sorts of unstructured
read through all sorts of unstructured text and be able to not only understand
text and be able to not only understand
text and be able to not only understand what it was reading but be able to
what it was reading but be able to
what it was reading but be able to answer questions intelligently about it
answer questions intelligently about it
answer questions intelligently about it so what they do they put it on Jeopardy
so what they do they put it on Jeopardy
so what they do they put it on Jeopardy and it beats the reigning jeopardy
and it beats the reigning jeopardy
and it beats the reigning jeopardy champions people who had 170 episodes in
champions people who had 170 episodes in
champions people who had 170 episodes in a row and beat them tidally so they
a row and beat them tidally so they
a row and beat them tidally so they changed the bar again they decided we’re
changed the bar again they decided we’re
changed the bar again they decided we’re going to go back to some games games
going to go back to some games games
going to go back to some games games where humans have never been able to be
where humans have never been able to be
where humans have never been able to be beaten by computers even the amateur
beaten by computers even the amateur
beaten by computers even the amateur players of certain games will never be
players of certain games will never be
players of certain games will never be able to be taken down by the smartest
able to be taken down by the smartest
able to be taken down by the smartest computer and of course the game for this
computer and of course the game for this
computer and of course the game for this case was go and so for a while that was
case was go and so for a while that was
case was go and so for a while that was considered to be you know this was
considered to be you know this was
considered to be you know this was something that was never going to be
something that was never going to be
something that was never going to be beaten until earlier this year google
beaten until earlier this year google
beaten until earlier this year google deepmind and alphago managed to beat the
deepmind and alphago managed to beat the
deepmind and alphago managed to beat the world reigning champion ago so basically
world reigning champion ago so basically
world reigning champion ago so basically every time there’s a standard a test for
every time there’s a standard a test for
every time there’s a standard a test for computer intelligence
computer intelligence
computer intelligence eventually you know some computer beats
eventually you know some computer beats
eventually you know some computer beats it and this is usually the point where
it and this is usually the point where
it and this is usually the point where my friends ask me ok so at what point
my friends ask me ok so at what point
my friends ask me ok so at what point are computers going to start taking over
are computers going to start taking over
are computers going to start taking over the world
the world
the world when is the singularity going to happen
when is the singularity going to happen
when is the singularity going to happen and they’re going
and they’re going
and they’re going slave mankind but you know then they
slave mankind but you know then they
slave mankind but you know then they start thinking you know what it’s not so
start thinking you know what it’s not so
start thinking you know what it’s not so bad when it comes to this race between
bad when it comes to this race between
bad when it comes to this race between human and computer intelligence you know
human and computer intelligence you know
human and computer intelligence you know humans intelligence will always be
humans intelligence will always be
humans intelligence will always be better or superior than computers and
better or superior than computers and
better or superior than computers and you know then they start thinking about
you know then they start thinking about
you know then they start thinking about you know the less harmful robots and
you know the less harmful robots and
you know the less harmful robots and they don’t feel so bad about you know
they don’t feel so bad about you know
they don’t feel so bad about you know being taken over by computers and you
being taken over by computers and you
being taken over by computers and you see this a lot I new ever comes to
see this a lot I new ever comes to
see this a lot I new ever comes to talking about what are the limitations
talking about what are the limitations
talking about what are the limitations that computers have you always hear the
that computers have you always hear the
that computers have you always hear the exact same things well computers are
exact same things well computers are
exact same things well computers are human creations so they’ll never
human creations so they’ll never
human creations so they’ll never outstrip their creators Computers can’t
outstrip their creators Computers can’t
outstrip their creators Computers can’t think for themselves right or they have
think for themselves right or they have
think for themselves right or they have no imagination no creativity now the
no imagination no creativity now the
no imagination no creativity now the first ones silly I mean babies are human
first ones silly I mean babies are human
first ones silly I mean babies are human creations and yet they managed to get
creations and yet they managed to get
creations and yet they managed to get intelligence over a certain amount of
intelligence over a certain amount of
intelligence over a certain amount of time and we know that there’s a lot of
time and we know that there’s a lot of
time and we know that there’s a lot of computers now that can think for
computers now that can think for
computers now that can think for themselves that can make decisions you
themselves that can make decisions you
themselves that can make decisions you know intelligent ones even better than
know intelligent ones even better than
know intelligent ones even better than humans can but it’s the last one whether
humans can but it’s the last one whether
humans can but it’s the last one whether computers are capable of imagination
computers are capable of imagination
computers are capable of imagination that’s the one that I want to address
that’s the one that I want to address
that’s the one that I want to address and for this I’d like to refer back to
and for this I’d like to refer back to
and for this I’d like to refer back to one of those robots taking over the
one of those robots taking over the
one of those robots taking over the world movies I Robot in there there’s a
world movies I Robot in there there’s a
world movies I Robot in there there’s a scene where Will Smith is interviewing
scene where Will Smith is interviewing
scene where Will Smith is interviewing one of the robots and he asks can a
one of the robots and he asks can a
one of the robots and he asks can a robot write a symphony can a robot turn
robot write a symphony can a robot turn
robot write a symphony can a robot turn a canvas into a beautiful masterpiece
a canvas into a beautiful masterpiece
a canvas into a beautiful masterpiece and if anyone’s actually seen the movie
and if anyone’s actually seen the movie
and if anyone’s actually seen the movie you know the response from the robot was
you know the response from the robot was
you know the response from the robot was can you and yeah I know it seems a
can you and yeah I know it seems a
can you and yeah I know it seems a little flippant but really this gets at
little flippant but really this gets at
little flippant but really this gets at the crux of what it means to tell if a
the crux of what it means to tell if a
the crux of what it means to tell if a computer’s intelligent or not it’s can
computer’s intelligent or not it’s can
computer’s intelligent or not it’s can the computer do a task as well as a
the computer do a task as well as a
the computer do a task as well as a human can this is actually called the
human can this is actually called the
human can this is actually called the Turing test and this was invented by
Turing test and this was invented by
Turing test and this was invented by Alan Turing and the idea was I want to
Alan Turing and the idea was I want to
Alan Turing and the idea was I want to be able to say for a given task if a
be able to say for a given task if a
be able to say for a given task if a computer can do as well as a human can
computer can do as well as a human can
computer can do as well as a human can then it is as intelligent at least at
then it is as intelligent at least at
then it is as intelligent at least at that task so this is where the imitation
that task so this is where the imitation
that task so this is where the imitation game came from can you imitate a human’s
game came from can you imitate a human’s
game came from can you imitate a human’s behavior we see a lot of these kinds of
behavior we see a lot of these kinds of
behavior we see a lot of these kinds of examples these days one of them is
examples these days one of them is
examples these days one of them is speech recognition I’m not talking about
speech recognition I’m not talking about
speech recognition I’m not talking about having full conversations with computers
having full conversations with computers
having full conversations with computers I’m just saying can you say something to
I’m just saying can you say something to
I’m just saying can you say something to your phone and have it know what you’re
your phone and have it know what you’re
your phone and have it know what you’re saying and for this you know speech
saying and for this you know speech
saying and for this you know speech recognition you know Siri is pretty good
recognition you know Siri is pretty good
recognition you know Siri is pretty good I mean it’s not perfect but then again
I mean it’s not perfect but then again
I mean it’s not perfect but then again if you looked at how humans perform at
if you looked at how humans perform at
if you looked at how humans perform at this task you would know that humans are
this task you would know that humans are
this task you would know that humans are really bad at this task – so when it
really bad at this task – so when it
really bad at this task – so when it comes to the Turing test
comes to the Turing test
comes to the Turing test maybe computers aren’t perfect but
maybe computers aren’t perfect but
maybe computers aren’t perfect but they’re at least as good and performance
they’re at least as good and performance
they’re at least as good and performance because the humans would be navigation
because the humans would be navigation
because the humans would be navigation if you need to get from point A to point
if you need to get from point A to point
if you need to get from point A to point B our computers are good as good at
B our computers are good as good at
B our computers are good as good at doing this task as humans are some would
doing this task as humans are some would
doing this task as humans are some would say better right they can take in more
say better right they can take in more
say better right they can take in more bits of information about traffic flow
bits of information about traffic flow
bits of information about traffic flow about the time of day then humans would
about the time of day then humans would
about the time of day then humans would ever be able to think of and while we’re
ever be able to think of and while we’re
ever be able to think of and while we’re on the subject of navigation about
on the subject of navigation about
on the subject of navigation about driving you know can you actually have
driving you know can you actually have
driving you know can you actually have computers take over the wheel these days
computers take over the wheel these days
computers take over the wheel these days yes these days there’s this feeling that
yes these days there’s this feeling that
yes these days there’s this feeling that with you know the advances in
with you know the advances in
with you know the advances in self-driving cars it’s going to be a lot
self-driving cars it’s going to be a lot
self-driving cars it’s going to be a lot safer to be in a car that’s driven by a
safer to be in a car that’s driven by a
safer to be in a car that’s driven by a robot then it’s going to be in the car
robot then it’s going to be in the car
robot then it’s going to be in the car driven by a human especially with smart
driven by a human especially with smart
driven by a human especially with smart cities that are going to incorporate
cities that are going to incorporate
cities that are going to incorporate information from all these different
information from all these different
information from all these different sources let’s get back to creativity can
sources let’s get back to creativity can
sources let’s get back to creativity can computers be as creative as humans and
computers be as creative as humans and
computers be as creative as humans and this is something that’s come up a lot
this is something that’s come up a lot
this is something that’s come up a lot more recently because with the advent of
more recently because with the advent of
more recently because with the advent of the advance of neural networks and the
the advance of neural networks and the
the advance of neural networks and the ability to learn off of you know various
ability to learn off of you know various
ability to learn off of you know various sources of data if you have enough data
sources of data if you have enough data
sources of data if you have enough data you can usually learn how to do a task
you can usually learn how to do a task
you can usually learn how to do a task as well as a human can and so this study
as well as a human can and so this study
as well as a human can and so this study is well then if we can learn how to
is well then if we can learn how to
is well then if we can learn how to drive if we can learn how to do speech
drive if we can learn how to do speech
drive if we can learn how to do speech recognition then why can’t we teach them
recognition then why can’t we teach them
recognition then why can’t we teach them creativity with enough data our computer
creativity with enough data our computer
creativity with enough data our computer should be able to take all the things
should be able to take all the things
should be able to take all the things that humans can do regardless of what
that humans can do regardless of what
that humans can do regardless of what the task is and be able to do it as well
the task is and be able to do it as well
the task is and be able to do it as well as a human can as long as we have enough
as a human can as long as we have enough
as a human can as long as we have enough data it’s all just a matter of having
data it’s all just a matter of having
data it’s all just a matter of having sources things that you can use to draw
sources things that you can use to draw
sources things that you can use to draw from in order to create this corpus of
from in order to create this corpus of
from in order to create this corpus of knowledge so this gets into the research
knowledge so this gets into the research
knowledge so this gets into the research that I’ve been doing I start off as a
that I’ve been doing I start off as a
that I’ve been doing I start off as a natural language programmer when I first
natural language programmer when I first
natural language programmer when I first started in AI which meant that I was
started in AI which meant that I was
started in AI which meant that I was doing a lot of things with English text
doing a lot of things with English text
doing a lot of things with English text and what we were doing were things that
and what we were doing were things that
and what we were doing were things that could actually read through English text
could actually read through English text
could actually read through English text and understand the things that is
and understand the things that is
and understand the things that is reading and create models for to be able
reading and create models for to be able
reading and create models for to be able to recognize the patterns within it well
to recognize the patterns within it well
to recognize the patterns within it well we use these same models not just to
we use these same models not just to
we use these same models not just to record and classify text but to be able
record and classify text but to be able
record and classify text but to be able to generate it so we actually said you
to generate it so we actually said you
to generate it so we actually said you know I can take in a bunch of Obama
know I can take in a bunch of Obama
know I can take in a bunch of Obama speeches and we combined all the
speeches and we combined all the
speeches and we combined all the different like language and word
different like language and word
different like language and word constructs that are used and created new
constructs that are used and created new
constructs that are used and created new original speeches in Obama’s style
original speeches in Obama’s style
original speeches in Obama’s style there’s other people who have done
there’s other people who have done
there’s other people who have done things like chatbots where if you’re
things like chatbots where if you’re
things like chatbots where if you’re playing a game online and you’re talking
playing a game online and you’re talking
playing a game online and you’re talking to somebody are you really talking to a
to somebody are you really talking to a
to somebody are you really talking to a person or are you talking to this AI
person or are you talking to this AI
person or are you talking to this AI that’s going a really good imitation
that’s going a really good imitation
that’s going a really good imitation there was an example of someone who
there was an example of someone who
there was an example of someone who actually made a research paper generator
actually made a research paper generator
actually made a research paper generator where it actually created a journal or a
where it actually created a journal or a
where it actually created a journal or a journal article and submitted it to a
journal article and submitted it to a
journal article and submitted it to a conference and got accepted so this is
conference and got accepted so this is
conference and got accepted so this is the sort of thing where computers are
the sort of thing where computers are
the sort of thing where computers are able to create new interesting original
able to create new interesting original
able to create new interesting original text and this led into my research on
text and this led into my research on
text and this led into my research on music generation I have software where
music generation I have software where
music generation I have software where you can feed in music files and it’ll
you can feed in music files and it’ll
you can feed in music files and it’ll actually read through and understand the
actually read through and understand the
actually read through and understand the patterns in the music and be able to
patterns in the music and be able to
patterns in the music and be able to generate original music in that style in
generate original music in that style in
generate original music in that style in real time forever at first it wasn’t
real time forever at first it wasn’t
real time forever at first it wasn’t great it would play things that didn’t
great it would play things that didn’t
great it would play things that didn’t have a lot of direction it was more like
have a lot of direction it was more like
have a lot of direction it was more like a distracted jazz pianist but over time
a distracted jazz pianist but over time
a distracted jazz pianist but over time we’ve managed to build these things and
we’ve managed to build these things and
we’ve managed to build these things and now it’s actually has heard a larger
now it’s actually has heard a larger
now it’s actually has heard a larger scale progression so that it now has the
scale progression so that it now has the
scale progression so that it now has the sense of a start and middle and an end
sense of a start and middle and an end
sense of a start and middle and an end and it actually has like an overall
and it actually has like an overall
and it actually has like an overall musical flow this is one of those things
musical flow this is one of those things
musical flow this is one of those things where you know now I do work in video
where you know now I do work in video
where you know now I do work in video game design people use the software in
game design people use the software in
game design people use the software in order to generate background music for a
order to generate background music for a
order to generate background music for a level and then as you move from one
level and then as you move from one
level and then as you move from one section of a level to another the music
section of a level to another the music
section of a level to another the music will change as it goes from one model to
will change as it goes from one model to
will change as it goes from one model to the next this continued into other areas
the next this continued into other areas
the next this continued into other areas I worked also another video game areas
I worked also another video game areas
I worked also another video game areas like terrain generation so we would
like terrain generation so we would
like terrain generation so we would actually take the the 3d terrain from a
actually take the the 3d terrain from a
actually take the the 3d terrain from a video game level and we would train off
video game level and we would train off
video game level and we would train off of it and be able to generate new
of it and be able to generate new
of it and be able to generate new original video game levels that looked
original video game levels that looked
original video game levels that looked the same or fit in that same kind of
the same or fit in that same kind of
the same or fit in that same kind of environment so this was our contribution
environment so this was our contribution
environment so this was our contribution to things like visual art and anyone
to things like visual art and anyone
to things like visual art and anyone who’s seen some of the work that’s going
who’s seen some of the work that’s going
who’s seen some of the work that’s going on in neural networks has seen that
on in neural networks has seen that
on in neural networks has seen that certain images have been done where
certain images have been done where
certain images have been done where neural networks were trained off of
neural networks were trained off of
neural networks were trained off of existing images and create new original
existing images and create new original
existing images and create new original pieces of art things that no one has
pieces of art things that no one has
pieces of art things that no one has ever seen before and some of these
ever seen before and some of these
ever seen before and some of these neural networks when you don’t give it a
neural networks when you don’t give it a
neural networks when you don’t give it a specific task or a specific domain and
specific task or a specific domain and
specific task or a specific domain and you just let it roam free create some
you just let it roam free create some
you just let it roam free create some things that we’ve never seen before
things that we’ve never seen before
things that we’ve never seen before you know the AI equivalent of dreams so
you know the AI equivalent of dreams so
you know the AI equivalent of dreams so so then this brings us back to the idea
so then this brings us back to the idea
so then this brings us back to the idea of okay so computers are obviously able
of okay so computers are obviously able
of okay so computers are obviously able to generate art but is it any good well
to generate art but is it any good well
to generate art but is it any good well what I opposed to you is is human aren’t
what I opposed to you is is human aren’t
what I opposed to you is is human aren’t any good I mean this is the thing that’s
any good I mean this is the thing that’s
any good I mean this is the thing that’s been argued for a lot of the artwork
been argued for a lot of the artwork
been argued for a lot of the artwork that you’ve seen on the right hand side
that you’ve seen on the right hand side
that you’ve seen on the right hand side you know people have contested what
you know people have contested what
you know people have contested what makes a good piece of art even the piece
makes a good piece of art even the piece
makes a good piece of art even the piece that’s on the bottom right was generated
that’s on the bottom right was generated
that’s on the bottom right was generated by Coco the gorilla is it art
by Coco the gorilla is it art
by Coco the gorilla is it art I’m not sure and neither am i here to
I’m not sure and neither am i here to
I’m not sure and neither am i here to answer that question my whole thing is
answer that question my whole thing is
answer that question my whole thing is just to say well you know what if AI has
just to say well you know what if AI has
just to say well you know what if AI has been making advances in all these
been making advances in all these
been making advances in all these different areas one of the next ones
different areas one of the next ones
different areas one of the next ones that’s going to be advancing into is
that’s going to be advancing into is
that’s going to be advancing into is creativity because really I mean when we
creativity because really I mean when we
creativity because really I mean when we talk about what creativity is one major
talk about what creativity is one major
talk about what creativity is one major thought is it’s really just intelligence
thought is it’s really just intelligence
thought is it’s really just intelligence having fun and whether it’s a human
having fun and whether it’s a human
having fun and whether it’s a human intelligence or an artificial
intelligence or an artificial
intelligence or an artificial intelligence the same rules apply if you
intelligence the same rules apply if you
intelligence the same rules apply if you let this thing train off of existing
let this thing train off of existing
let this thing train off of existing pieces and see where it can go it can
pieces and see where it can go it can
pieces and see where it can go it can create all sorts of interesting things
create all sorts of interesting things
create all sorts of interesting things so I believe that our future is not just
so I believe that our future is not just
so I believe that our future is not just going to be limited by you know what
going to be limited by you know what
going to be limited by you know what kind of things computers are able to
kind of things computers are able to
kind of things computers are able to make we’re actually going to be the ones
make we’re actually going to be the ones
make we’re actually going to be the ones who are teaching these new generations
who are teaching these new generations
who are teaching these new generations of computers how to do new things and in
of computers how to do new things and in
of computers how to do new things and in the end I feel that this is going to be
the end I feel that this is going to be
the end I feel that this is going to be the next thing the next impossible task
the next thing the next impossible task
the next thing the next impossible task that computers are going to be able to
that computers are going to be able to
that computers are going to be able to defeat thank you very much
defeat thank you very much
defeat thank you very much [Applause]
”
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