it’s more agates tomorrow gets to get them Hannah Connie get double-walled
them Hannah Connie get double-walled
them Hannah Connie get double-walled sick Jim hi yes – why you know Alps be
sick Jim hi yes – why you know Alps be
sick Jim hi yes – why you know Alps be her Knox devil so go get Lance and Jan
her Knox devil so go get Lance and Jan
her Knox devil so go get Lance and Jan devil wat GU hello my name is Teresa
devil wat GU hello my name is Teresa
devil wat GU hello my name is Teresa Ryan I am Sims an I’m a traditional Sims
Ryan I am Sims an I’m a traditional Sims
Ryan I am Sims an I’m a traditional Sims and cedar Weaver I’m a Chinook salmon
and cedar Weaver I’m a Chinook salmon
and cedar Weaver I’m a Chinook salmon scientist for Canada on the Pacific
scientist for Canada on the Pacific
scientist for Canada on the Pacific salmon Commission and I’m a post
salmon Commission and I’m a post
salmon Commission and I’m a post doctoral researcher at the University of
doctoral researcher at the University of
doctoral researcher at the University of British Columbia forests and
British Columbia forests and
British Columbia forests and conservation sciences my grandfather
conservation sciences my grandfather
conservation sciences my grandfather wanted me to become a fishery scientist
wanted me to become a fishery scientist
wanted me to become a fishery scientist I am a first generation scholar it was a
I am a first generation scholar it was a
I am a first generation scholar it was a role he had envisioned for me when I was
role he had envisioned for me when I was
role he had envisioned for me when I was a child he would take me to his fishing
a child he would take me to his fishing
a child he would take me to his fishing boats when he had work to do on them and
boats when he had work to do on them and
boats when he had work to do on them and he would tell me what Sam and mean to
he would tell me what Sam and mean to
he would tell me what Sam and mean to some Shan people and he would tell me
some Shan people and he would tell me
some Shan people and he would tell me about our ancient stories it wasn’t
about our ancient stories it wasn’t
about our ancient stories it wasn’t until I was 17 years old that he said we
until I was 17 years old that he said we
until I was 17 years old that he said we need you to be a fishery scientist my
need you to be a fishery scientist my
need you to be a fishery scientist my response was why I’m not going to be a
response was why I’m not going to be a
response was why I’m not going to be a commercial fisherman he said we need you
commercial fisherman he said we need you
commercial fisherman he said we need you to be a fishery scientist he was a kind
to be a fishery scientist he was a kind
to be a fishery scientist he was a kind and gentle man that very rarely ever
and gentle man that very rarely ever
and gentle man that very rarely ever spoke sternly and he was my elder and
spoke sternly and he was my elder and
spoke sternly and he was my elder and when elders speak you listen so I said
when elders speak you listen so I said
when elders speak you listen so I said okay okay I’ll figure out what I have to
okay okay I’ll figure out what I have to
okay okay I’ll figure out what I have to do I went and did a biology degree at
do I went and did a biology degree at
do I went and did a biology degree at Central Washington University with
Central Washington University with
Central Washington University with fisheries aquatic ecology emphasis I was
fisheries aquatic ecology emphasis I was
fisheries aquatic ecology emphasis I was pleased that I accomplished his vision
pleased that I accomplished his vision
pleased that I accomplished his vision for me but I was sad that he was no
for me but I was sad that he was no
for me but I was sad that he was no longer around to see that it wasn’t
longer around to see that it wasn’t
longer around to see that it wasn’t until my master’s degree program that I
until my master’s degree program that I
until my master’s degree program that I learned about why he wanted me to be a
learned about why he wanted me to be a
learned about why he wanted me to be a fishery scientist in my environmental
fishery scientist in my environmental
fishery scientist in my environmental law class I noticed that these laws I
law class I noticed that these laws I
law class I noticed that these laws I was studying
was studying
was studying not the same as simian laws about
not the same as simian laws about
not the same as simian laws about fishing and caring for the environment
fishing and caring for the environment
fishing and caring for the environment so my master’s thesis focused on a sedge
so my master’s thesis focused on a sedge
so my master’s thesis focused on a sedge plant in grace Harbor Washington estuary
plant in grace Harbor Washington estuary
plant in grace Harbor Washington estuary we call the plant sea sweet grass it has
we call the plant sea sweet grass it has
we call the plant sea sweet grass it has a delightful aroma but it isn’t the same
a delightful aroma but it isn’t the same
a delightful aroma but it isn’t the same as sweet grass the real grass it’s a
as sweet grass the real grass it’s a
as sweet grass the real grass it’s a plant we use in Simpson basketry my
plant we use in Simpson basketry my
plant we use in Simpson basketry my grandmother recalled as a child
grandmother recalled as a child
grandmother recalled as a child traveling by canoe from Prince Rupert
traveling by canoe from Prince Rupert
traveling by canoe from Prince Rupert British Columbia to Grays Harbor
British Columbia to Grays Harbor
British Columbia to Grays Harbor Washington estuary just for this plant
Washington estuary just for this plant
Washington estuary just for this plant see the way we harvest resources is
see the way we harvest resources is
see the way we harvest resources is guided by rules of use we have to know
guided by rules of use we have to know
guided by rules of use we have to know when to harvest it and we have to know
when to harvest it and we have to know
when to harvest it and we have to know the condition of whatever it is that
the condition of whatever it is that
the condition of whatever it is that we’re harvesting we only taken Mount an
we’re harvesting we only taken Mount an
we’re harvesting we only taken Mount an amount that we need that doesn’t
amount that we need that doesn’t
amount that we need that doesn’t necessarily mean a minimal ration often
necessarily mean a minimal ration often
necessarily mean a minimal ration often we took very large volumes this
we took very large volumes this
we took very large volumes this particular plant has to be popped out of
particular plant has to be popped out of
particular plant has to be popped out of its base one column at a time if you cut
its base one column at a time if you cut
its base one column at a time if you cut the plant then the plant will die and it
the plant then the plant will die and it
the plant then the plant will die and it said thus a high salt marsh so when the
said thus a high salt marsh so when the
said thus a high salt marsh so when the tide water starts coming in as you’re
tide water starts coming in as you’re
tide water starts coming in as you’re working away and sweats dripping off
working away and sweats dripping off
working away and sweats dripping off your forehead you have to stop because
your forehead you have to stop because
your forehead you have to stop because in with the water comes juvenile salmon
in with the water comes juvenile salmon
in with the water comes juvenile salmon and it’s the coolest thing to see it’s a
and it’s the coolest thing to see it’s a
and it’s the coolest thing to see it’s a reminder to us of others that use these
reminder to us of others that use these
reminder to us of others that use these resources and it’s also an indication of
resources and it’s also an indication of
resources and it’s also an indication of how salmon are doing for our future
how salmon are doing for our future
how salmon are doing for our future harvest I wanted to know how our access
harvest I wanted to know how our access
harvest I wanted to know how our access to natural resources became dismantled I
to natural resources became dismantled I
to natural resources became dismantled I wanted to know if I could demonstrate
wanted to know if I could demonstrate
wanted to know if I could demonstrate connections of our social institutions
connections of our social institutions
connections of our social institutions to our landscape in a region known as
to our landscape in a region known as
to our landscape in a region known as the Pacific Northwest this region has
the Pacific Northwest this region has
the Pacific Northwest this region has attracted many scholars for a variety of
attracted many scholars for a variety of
attracted many scholars for a variety of reasons over a very long period of time
reasons over a very long period of time
reasons over a very long period of time missionaries were brought into our
missionaries were brought into our
missionaries were brought into our communities to change us anthropologists
communities to change us anthropologists
communities to change us anthropologists came into our communities to document
came into our communities to document
came into our communities to document coach
coach
coach characteristics before they vanished I
positioned myself in the context of
positioned myself in the context of being an Aboriginal woman and also as a
being an Aboriginal woman and also as a
being an Aboriginal woman and also as a scientist in my PhD research and I
scientist in my PhD research and I
scientist in my PhD research and I learned that during the mid-1800s
learned that during the mid-1800s
learned that during the mid-1800s there were perceptions and
there were perceptions and
there were perceptions and misconceptions about Aboriginal people
misconceptions about Aboriginal people
misconceptions about Aboriginal people and generally actions were biased by a
and generally actions were biased by a
and generally actions were biased by a colonial agenda in my PhD research one
colonial agenda in my PhD research one
colonial agenda in my PhD research one of the profound messages that I was able
of the profound messages that I was able
of the profound messages that I was able to demonstrate was that by not allowing
to demonstrate was that by not allowing
to demonstrate was that by not allowing Aboriginal people to provide the
Aboriginal people to provide the
Aboriginal people to provide the stewardship of the resources has many
stewardship of the resources has many
stewardship of the resources has many costs including to the colonial state
costs including to the colonial state
costs including to the colonial state you see we measured these resources so
you see we measured these resources so
you see we measured these resources so that we can continue to prosper we want
that we can continue to prosper we want
that we can continue to prosper we want to make sure there are future
to make sure there are future
to make sure there are future generations of the resource for the
generations of the resource for the
generations of the resource for the future generations of people our our
future generations of people our our
future generations of people our our fishing was based on our own harvest
fishing was based on our own harvest
fishing was based on our own harvest strategies which aligned with the cycles
strategies which aligned with the cycles
strategies which aligned with the cycles of the ocean tides our sophisticated
of the ocean tides our sophisticated
of the ocean tides our sophisticated technology consisted of a variety of
technology consisted of a variety of
technology consisted of a variety of structures used for fishing many of
structures used for fishing many of
structures used for fishing many of these techniques capitalized on the
these techniques capitalized on the
these techniques capitalized on the natural environment by using both the
natural environment by using both the
natural environment by using both the natural cycles and also constructing a
natural cycles and also constructing a
natural cycles and also constructing a variety of traps and Weir’s and nets
variety of traps and Weir’s and nets
variety of traps and Weir’s and nets from materials from our forests the
from materials from our forests the
from materials from our forests the contours of the shorelines and the
contours of the shorelines and the
contours of the shorelines and the watersheds also provided some convenient
watersheds also provided some convenient
watersheds also provided some convenient engineering one particular method
engineering one particular method
engineering one particular method combined the tides shorelines and rock
combined the tides shorelines and rock
combined the tides shorelines and rock walls known as salmon tidal stone traps
walls known as salmon tidal stone traps
walls known as salmon tidal stone traps at the lowest tide these stone walls are
at the lowest tide these stone walls are
at the lowest tide these stone walls are above water with water and trained in
above water with water and trained in
above water with water and trained in pools and also salmon when they’re
pools and also salmon when they’re
pools and also salmon when they’re migrating through on their way to their
migrating through on their way to their
migrating through on their way to their natal streams the rock walls in these
natal streams the rock walls in these
natal streams the rock walls in these stone traps were purposely built at the
stone traps were purposely built at the
stone traps were purposely built at the river mouth or near a river by
river mouth or near a river by
river mouth or near a river by Aboriginal people at high tide the traps
Aboriginal people at high tide the traps
Aboriginal people at high tide the traps are submerged and the salmon swim over
are submerged and the salmon swim over
are submerged and the salmon swim over them on their
them on their
them on their way to their spawning grounds or they’re
way to their spawning grounds or they’re
way to their spawning grounds or they’re picked up by another predator it’s with
picked up by another predator it’s with
picked up by another predator it’s with great appreciation to the Donner
great appreciation to the Donner
great appreciation to the Donner Canadian Foundation we are able to
Canadian Foundation we are able to
Canadian Foundation we are able to investigate this ancient fishing
investigate this ancient fishing
investigate this ancient fishing technology and its use in the
technology and its use in the
technology and its use in the conservation of salmon
conservation of salmon
conservation of salmon we are also investigating the pathways
we are also investigating the pathways
we are also investigating the pathways of nitrogen delivered by salmon through
of nitrogen delivered by salmon through
of nitrogen delivered by salmon through the forest soils in our salmon forest
the forest soils in our salmon forest
the forest soils in our salmon forest project in science we know that marine
project in science we know that marine
project in science we know that marine derived nitrogen is delivered to forest
derived nitrogen is delivered to forest
derived nitrogen is delivered to forest every year in the mature returned
every year in the mature returned
every year in the mature returned migration of the salmon to their
migration of the salmon to their
migration of the salmon to their spawning grounds tree roots along the
spawning grounds tree roots along the
spawning grounds tree roots along the river bank and tap right into these
river bank and tap right into these
river bank and tap right into these nutrients but even more is accessible
nutrients but even more is accessible
nutrients but even more is accessible when predators take their favorite meal
when predators take their favorite meal
when predators take their favorite meal into the forest and what they don’t eat
into the forest and what they don’t eat
into the forest and what they don’t eat dissolves into the forest floor a bear
dissolves into the forest floor a bear
dissolves into the forest floor a bear or a wolf can bring a hundred and fifty
or a wolf can bring a hundred and fifty
or a wolf can bring a hundred and fifty salmon per day into the forest and there
salmon per day into the forest and there
salmon per day into the forest and there are several types of salmon predators
are several types of salmon predators
are several types of salmon predators including us the forest has a reciprocal
including us the forest has a reciprocal
including us the forest has a reciprocal relationship with salmon trees provide
relationship with salmon trees provide
relationship with salmon trees provide interception of rain and snow melt that
interception of rain and snow melt that
interception of rain and snow melt that moderates water through a watershed
moderates water through a watershed
moderates water through a watershed trees also provide shade to keep the
trees also provide shade to keep the
trees also provide shade to keep the streams cool for salmon and provide
streams cool for salmon and provide
streams cool for salmon and provide habitat for many birds and other animals
habitat for many birds and other animals
habitat for many birds and other animals our forests in the Pacific Northwest
our forests in the Pacific Northwest
our forests in the Pacific Northwest provide us with the Tree of Life Western
provide us with the Tree of Life Western
provide us with the Tree of Life Western redcedar
redcedar
redcedar from which we make baskets and masks
from which we make baskets and masks
from which we make baskets and masks clothing tools canoes and even houses
clothing tools canoes and even houses
clothing tools canoes and even houses trees offer us oxygen but we’re not
trees offer us oxygen but we’re not
trees offer us oxygen but we’re not giving back to trees right now in the
giving back to trees right now in the
giving back to trees right now in the forests instead they’re being taken at
forests instead they’re being taken at
forests instead they’re being taken at very high volumes for other resource
very high volumes for other resource
very high volumes for other resource values after eating salmon in our
values after eating salmon in our
values after eating salmon in our traditional way we would return the
traditional way we would return the
traditional way we would return the bones back to the river it was one of
bones back to the river it was one of
bones back to the river it was one of the ways of giving back to the resource
the ways of giving back to the resource
the ways of giving back to the resource and allowing salmon spirits to return to
and allowing salmon spirits to return to
and allowing salmon spirits to return to their underwater villages in our simpson
their underwater villages in our simpson
their underwater villages in our simpson worldview salmon have long
worldview salmon have long
worldview salmon have long houses and villages just like we do and
houses and villages just like we do and
houses and villages just like we do and they returned the spirit salmon spirit
they returned the spirit salmon spirit
they returned the spirit salmon spirit returns to their chief underwater the
returns to their chief underwater the
returns to their chief underwater the action of returning these bones actually
action of returning these bones actually
action of returning these bones actually provides calcium nutrients into the
provides calcium nutrients into the
provides calcium nutrients into the water and that helps to ensure that
water and that helps to ensure that
water and that helps to ensure that juvenile salmon have a more balanced
juvenile salmon have a more balanced
juvenile salmon have a more balanced environment for their success these
environment for their success these
environment for their success these ancestral knowledge systems have an
ancestral knowledge systems have an
ancestral knowledge systems have an astute awareness of the connections in
astute awareness of the connections in
astute awareness of the connections in the living world above and below ground
the living world above and below ground
the living world above and below ground and within the waters often are cultural
and within the waters often are cultural
and within the waters often are cultural expressions reflect some of this
expressions reflect some of this
expressions reflect some of this knowledge and it’s about our
knowledge and it’s about our
knowledge and it’s about our relationship to place this slide
relationship to place this slide
relationship to place this slide demonstrates a mask for every single
demonstrates a mask for every single
demonstrates a mask for every single resource that’s used in a quark walky
resource that’s used in a quark walky
resource that’s used in a quark walky walk feast this also represents
walk feast this also represents
walk feast this also represents biodiversity
biodiversity
biodiversity it’s a celebration about our Aboriginal
it’s a celebration about our Aboriginal
it’s a celebration about our Aboriginal cosmology we lost a lot of that we lost
cosmology we lost a lot of that we lost
cosmology we lost a lot of that we lost scores of people that died from disease
scores of people that died from disease
scores of people that died from disease epidemics and hostile incursions
epidemics and hostile incursions
epidemics and hostile incursions lifestyles were molded into some
lifestyles were molded into some
lifestyles were molded into some illusionary image and children were
illusionary image and children were
illusionary image and children were taken away it is amazing that we are
taken away it is amazing that we are
taken away it is amazing that we are here today and there’s no shortage of
here today and there’s no shortage of
here today and there’s no shortage of courageous stories prophecies that
courageous stories prophecies that
courageous stories prophecies that depict the fear of annihilation some
depict the fear of annihilation some
depict the fear of annihilation some salmon runs are already extinct and
salmon runs are already extinct and
salmon runs are already extinct and others are on the verge of the same fate
others are on the verge of the same fate
others are on the verge of the same fate the salmon that remain are experiencing
the salmon that remain are experiencing
the salmon that remain are experiencing wide fluctuations in their productivity
wide fluctuations in their productivity
wide fluctuations in their productivity we still know our ancient laws and our
we still know our ancient laws and our
we still know our ancient laws and our ancestral traditions but these things
ancestral traditions but these things
ancestral traditions but these things continue to be oppressed and
continue to be oppressed and
continue to be oppressed and marginalized
marginalized
marginalized we have heavy obligations to ensure the
we have heavy obligations to ensure the
we have heavy obligations to ensure the wealth of abundance continues in our
wealth of abundance continues in our
wealth of abundance continues in our environment through long-established
environment through long-established
environment through long-established traditions and this is our
traditions and this is our
traditions and this is our transformational power it is a way of
transformational power it is a way of
transformational power it is a way of knowing what’s going on in the future in
knowing what’s going on in the future in
knowing what’s going on in the future in the environment and what’s coming in the
the environment and what’s coming in the
the environment and what’s coming in the future
future
future thousands of times elders have expressed
thousands of times elders have expressed
thousands of times elders have expressed what should not be done or they are
what should not be done or they are
what should not be done or they are doing things the wrong way the way that
doing things the wrong way the way that
doing things the wrong way the way that we use to fish we no longer get to and
we use to fish we no longer get to and
we use to fish we no longer get to and we’re not seeing the salmon get to the
we’re not seeing the salmon get to the
we’re not seeing the salmon get to the spawning grounds salmon are in serious
spawning grounds salmon are in serious
spawning grounds salmon are in serious decline
decline
decline aboriginal technology evolved as a
aboriginal technology evolved as a
aboriginal technology evolved as a result of observations in the natural
result of observations in the natural
result of observations in the natural world that accumulated through cultural
world that accumulated through cultural
world that accumulated through cultural traditions and transmitted through our
traditions and transmitted through our
traditions and transmitted through our social reproduction as a result these
social reproduction as a result these
social reproduction as a result these strategies aligned with the cycles of
strategies aligned with the cycles of
strategies aligned with the cycles of renewal and respecting the connections
renewal and respecting the connections
renewal and respecting the connections in ecosystems the feast system also
in ecosystems the feast system also
in ecosystems the feast system also known as potlatch is the social
known as potlatch is the social
known as potlatch is the social institution that is the agency for
institution that is the agency for
institution that is the agency for demonstrating the success of stewardship
demonstrating the success of stewardship
demonstrating the success of stewardship and our social reproduction a PBS Nova
and our social reproduction a PBS Nova
and our social reproduction a PBS Nova series documentary titled Native America
series documentary titled Native America
series documentary titled Native America by Providence Pictures will air in fall
by Providence Pictures will air in fall
by Providence Pictures will air in fall 2018 that demonstrates how these
2018 that demonstrates how these
2018 that demonstrates how these activities are still continuing in the
activities are still continuing in the
activities are still continuing in the Pacific Northwest finally the last
Pacific Northwest finally the last
Pacific Northwest finally the last example I will share with you today you
example I will share with you today you
example I will share with you today you are here the McWane along people know
are here the McWane along people know
are here the McWane along people know this place through their ancient
this place through their ancient
this place through their ancient traditions of stewardship their
traditions of stewardship their
traditions of stewardship their ancestors conducted annual burning on
ancestors conducted annual burning on
ancestors conducted annual burning on the landscape to improve plant and seed
the landscape to improve plant and seed
the landscape to improve plant and seed production that practice would also have
production that practice would also have
production that practice would also have prevented fuel loading from fires that
prevented fuel loading from fires that
prevented fuel loading from fires that are fanned by the Santa Ana winds the
are fanned by the Santa Ana winds the
are fanned by the Santa Ana winds the way forests and landscapes have been
way forests and landscapes have been
way forests and landscapes have been managed over the last century by other
managed over the last century by other
managed over the last century by other means has caused disturbance in fire
means has caused disturbance in fire
means has caused disturbance in fire ecology this results in catastrophic
ecology this results in catastrophic
ecology this results in catastrophic fires especially in times of draught as
fires especially in times of draught as
fires especially in times of draught as we have seen lately with more and more
we have seen lately with more and more
we have seen lately with more and more wildfires
wildfires
wildfires over 1.2 million hectares burned in BC
over 1.2 million hectares burned in BC
over 1.2 million hectares burned in BC last year
[Music]
[Music] but some pretty difficult material to
but some pretty difficult material to
but some pretty difficult material to watch at UBC forestry we’re
watch at UBC forestry we’re
watch at UBC forestry we’re investigating these connections in the
investigating these connections in the
investigating these connections in the forests how trees exchanged nutrients in
forests how trees exchanged nutrients in
forests how trees exchanged nutrients in those pathways the Simard mother tree
those pathways the Simard mother tree
those pathways the Simard mother tree project is built on science about
project is built on science about
project is built on science about nutrient exchange and the mycorrhizal
nutrient exchange and the mycorrhizal
nutrient exchange and the mycorrhizal networks throughout the forest and how
networks throughout the forest and how
networks throughout the forest and how dominant trees act as a hub to
dominant trees act as a hub to
dominant trees act as a hub to facilitate regeneration of force after
facilitate regeneration of force after
facilitate regeneration of force after disturbance including harvesting we’re
disturbance including harvesting we’re
disturbance including harvesting we’re exploring silvicultural practices and
exploring silvicultural practices and
exploring silvicultural practices and regeneration along a climate gradient in
regeneration along a climate gradient in
regeneration along a climate gradient in the interior Douglas fir and this year
the interior Douglas fir and this year
the interior Douglas fir and this year we’re expanding to coastal forests so
we’re expanding to coastal forests so
we’re expanding to coastal forests so that we can evaluate better methods to
that we can evaluate better methods to
that we can evaluate better methods to harvest western red cedar my Simpson
harvest western red cedar my Simpson
harvest western red cedar my Simpson heritage teaches me about caring for the
heritage teaches me about caring for the
heritage teaches me about caring for the environment and as a scientist I have
environment and as a scientist I have
environment and as a scientist I have opportunities to demonstrate how
opportunities to demonstrate how
opportunities to demonstrate how ancestral knowledge systems resonate
ancestral knowledge systems resonate
ancestral knowledge systems resonate with science
with science
with science you also have ancient knowledge about an
you also have ancient knowledge about an
you also have ancient knowledge about an environment as part of your journey but
environment as part of your journey but
environment as part of your journey but the society has removed those
the society has removed those
the society has removed those connections this is my journey and it
connections this is my journey and it
connections this is my journey and it has brought me here to remind you of our
has brought me here to remind you of our
has brought me here to remind you of our connection to the natural world thank
connection to the natural world thank
connection to the natural world thank you
”
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