Good afternoon, please raise your hands
Who knows what great and blokcheyn
who knows why the blockhead is cool
thank you I see not everyone knows and let me
then did some introduction on
slides where I will show the essence of this
we all got used to that
information is stored centrally
image somewhere there is a database
which lie all the transactions of banks is
central bank the same database then
only for real estate transactions
is stored in other places but also in one
such storage and in such a system it is possible
wake up one morning i discover that
your apartment no longer belongs to you
and it does not even happen by the stroke of a pen
an official or a hacker but simply
changing one of the fields in the database
What should we do if such systems
carry a threat
why do not we consider where
centralized data storage
let’s imagine that if on each computer
there will be a copy of the same database with
all transactions or all transactions
and then an attack on one or even several
words such a network will not bring any
the result seems to be how we can
boost confidence and all perfectly well,
Of course such a system has its own
disadvantages is the complexity of management
such a system and you need to come up with some kind of
technology to realize all this and
here just blockade and was that food
This paradigm which proposed a method
storage
distributed by itself
The idea is simple and therefore probably very
Interesting is that the blocking this chain
blocks each block contains information
some transactions further blocks are connected
between themselves and all this is stored in different
computers and no one
one does not control such a network then we
we probably get this from where I started
That blocking this cool block will help
We have to achieve trust because
that yes it’s a securely distributed network
moreover, it is a transparent network of each
nodes of this network can take a look at
yourself on your computer
what transactions were made yesterday and
so on and more, this is the platform
can be formed even in
If we do not know the counterparties and
we can not trust in advance, that is, like
as
really welcome to the new
a wonderful peace with absolutely no confidence and without
distrust Well, in fact, this issue and
Perhaps we will postpone the answer to it.
end of my report but to approach
this try to see what’s on
in fact, the blockage is based on the point
view of security on the one hand this
mechanisms for trusted authentication
there is we must know that we
talk to that node name
which we see on your computer
that it does not merge for example and will provide
this is through an electronic digital signature you
probably about it everyone has already heard the second
big block it is much more complicated this
complex math cryptography
hash functions, but here we will not be in it
deepen just stress that this
such a complex task that allows
actually seal the block in order to
No one could fix it in the future
that’s how difficult this task is
how much resources are being spent
for such a task, in fact, you are all
probably heard about bitcoins thorium
crypto-currencies and heard about mining here
Mining is the same
mathematical problem when people are looking for
solutions of precisely complex mathematics, and
seek and together spend on this gigantic
amount of energy
using giant resources although the
by itself the solution of this problem of meaning
practical does not have that is
use the calculation for example for
calculation of new materials or for searching
for example, new stars will not work because
that in itself the task of meaning does not carry
and in this sense many analysts often
say that the blockade is more precise than his
implementation of the form bitcoin and for example
resembles a financial pyramid people
do some senseless task a
for it receive money
capitalization is growing they are again doing
meaningless task 5 receives money and
all the costs that are being spent in this
monics, they are actually aimed at
to provide without
The danger is
The security is really achieved
We can believe that this is such a
blockade is safe we will get into that
most
wonderful world or not, or there are some
agents who can this security
to crack in fact such agents
there is in spite of the fact that the block
technology is very young already now we
we see a danger from the quantum
computer
which either exists or not we
Now let’s talk about this a little and than
The computer is dangerous for the blockade if we
burning a quantum computer then probably
firstly, it must be based on
laws of quantum physics
And these laws should not be the same as
laws of classical physics and
really these will say one thing
quality as a superposition here if we
take an ordinary computer it consists of
registers in every register is
state 0 or unit and in each
moment there one state is stored in the
quantum computer same register
they are called quantum bits qubits but
in them the state is simultaneously two and zero
and the unit is here if you look again at
classic computers for example here
billions of billions of registers but
every moment is very complicated
state but one can read it
or write down a quantum computer
not so it also consists of registers but
they are at once in all possible
the number of which is incredible
high it allows you to drive super
parallel computing that is to look for
solutions all along the way
that’s the way to solve this problem
I showed three quantum algorithms here
the main branches that are today
there are actually algorithms
more
the first of which is a different task
optimization of search in databases or
Plastic tasks are the grover algorithm
the second big class of tasks is
try on a quantum computer
behavior of new substances
find for example superconductivity at
room temperature or molecule
which can cure incurable
disease and the third big block is the task
factorization into prime numbers sounds
difficult but in fact it is
the task of which the nut can only be easily solved
one way and hard to the other
If two numbers can be multiplied, any
on paper then find the multipliers and
A given work can not even
computer and even a super computer if
that long enough here is a quantum
computer such puzzles to solve and can
thus the quantum computer
It poses a threat to blokcheyna and
than a threat, see the factorization on
prime numbers are actually a mechanism
attacks on those very digital electronic
signatures this means we can break
trusted tante fiction this means we
we can not be sure that we
we talk specifically with you in this
the moment they are with the hacker who is under it
masked and the second task is
optimization problem
speed acceleration acceleration
Mining is not only a plus if someone
one is so quick that it can
count faster than the remaining ones
then it will automatically generate
any blocks that he wants
number and are false, and in this sense, of course
it is the collapse of all bitcoin systems and
it looks like a fantasy here when such a
the computer can be expected to be understood
that this is fantastic or not, as it is
strange waiting horizon constantly
shrinks now we can expect
that in the horizon 5-10 years will appear
quantum computers that have already started
solve useful or useful tasks and
it is quite possible on the horizon 10 years
The attack on the block can be
implemented
and that then we get a new
the technology did not have time
Turn around and immediately bury
or, oddly enough, one of the solutions
there is my today see she lies
also in the field of quantum technologies
Again , you must use the same
laws of the quantum world that are not so
As the laws of our classical and here
I would like to show how it can be
implemented in fact, here it is
two black boxes are the same
quantum cryptography which is hacked
Why can not we not because we
we take individual photons and one photon
write one bit and then a piece on
1 thing we pass
here in this box these photons
Formed further they go along the fiber
here there are still 25 kilometers of fiber
Wrapped and goes into another box here
The quantum world is arranged in such a way that
invisibility read state 1
a quantum particle is impossible even if y
you from a quantum computer even if u
you have sophisticated instruments that same
You did not invent it because you can not
nature protects
ok with such a box of these two
boxes of these large quantities
boxes you can return again the trust
from the point of view of authentication we
we will know for sure that we are talking with
correct counterpart, but then
The second task which as an attack on
Mining and oddly enough
Monique is not necessarily
In fact, there are other algorithms
It is possible to raise the block
I use mining generally
For example, the Byzantine consensus is
more as if on the one hand a simple
system but it requires that
Our network of trusted nodes is
know exactly what they are and they do not
intruders should be 2 3 more
here if such a system is it
can really form
The correct blocks even if the remaining
a third will always send some
disinformation is again fantastic on the very
it’s not fiction
so long as it is not used in
industrial implementations of the nose in this
in Moscow, the first
experiment and launched the world’s first
quanta blocking and on a small network of
4 nodes but was launched here I already
I come to the end of my report in which
I said we ‘re going to a new world or not
believes in new technologies or not
experience shows historical experience
shows that often when we believe in
technology here is recklessly us
lie in wait
certain incidents here you see the car
Turing
with the help of which the UK in
the time of the Second World War hacked
cryptographic algorithms of fascist Germany and
they read peacefully for several years
traffic and point effort
we have achieved a significant advantage
but the military fronts respectively thought
accordingly, which would like to
let down
in fact, I wanted to tell you not
about blockade and about what you can
trust that there is no one here personally I think that
blockade is incredibly wonderful
idea is a very good pair of Dima in which
you can definitely believe but you do not have to believe
blindly need to be understood by what
tools there in the depths realized
This paradigm is here if we are
tool believing but not blindly understanding
that they work here then you can
invest in bitcoin and
so on, thanks
[music]
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