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T-cells: army of cancer killing clones | André Choulika | TEDxSaclay


cancer cancer is a nasty disease why

cancer cancer is a nasty disease why because it cells of our own body that

because it cells of our own body that

because it cells of our own body that are turned crazy due to a number of

are turned crazy due to a number of

are turned crazy due to a number of different factors smoke stress an on

different factors smoke stress an on

different factors smoke stress an on switch will be turned in one of our

switch will be turned in one of our

switch will be turned in one of our cells this on switch will give an order

cells this on switch will give an order

cells this on switch will give an order to the cells to start dividing in a

to the cells to start dividing in a

to the cells to start dividing in a crazy way and the cell will start

crazy way and the cell will start

crazy way and the cell will start accumulated offsprings in our body and

accumulated offsprings in our body and

accumulated offsprings in our body and form a mass the tumor mass the speed of

form a mass the tumor mass the speed of

form a mass the tumor mass the speed of accumulation of these cells will

accumulation of these cells will

accumulation of these cells will determine the aggressiveness of the

determine the aggressiveness of the

determine the aggressiveness of the cancer and if not container stopped this

cancer and if not container stopped this

cancer and if not container stopped this will make us extremely sick and

will make us extremely sick and

will make us extremely sick and eventually kill us so the strategy is to

eventually kill us so the strategy is to

eventually kill us so the strategy is to try to block cancer we’re different we

try to block cancer we’re different we

try to block cancer we’re different we can defend ourselves against for example

can defend ourselves against for example

can defend ourselves against for example flu infection we can defend ourselves

flu infection we can defend ourselves

flu infection we can defend ourselves again bacterial infection we can even

again bacterial infection we can even

again bacterial infection we can even heal ourselves heal a wound repair bone

heal ourselves heal a wound repair bone

heal ourselves heal a wound repair bone but we cannot defend ourselves from

but we cannot defend ourselves from

but we cannot defend ourselves from these crazy cancer cells so the initial

these crazy cancer cells so the initial

these crazy cancer cells so the initial strategy that was developed was to use

strategy that was developed was to use

strategy that was developed was to use chemicals chemicals that will stop

chemicals chemicals that will stop

chemicals chemicals that will stop totally cell divisions as normal cells

totally cell divisions as normal cells

totally cell divisions as normal cells divide but also cancer cell divide more

divide but also cancer cell divide more

divide but also cancer cell divide more quickly than normal cells than chemicals

quickly than normal cells than chemicals

quickly than normal cells than chemicals camo therapies or killed chemos will

camo therapies or killed chemos will

camo therapies or killed chemos will affect more cancer and contain cancer

affect more cancer and contain cancer

affect more cancer and contain cancer and kill cancer more quickly than normal

and kill cancer more quickly than normal

and kill cancer more quickly than normal dividing cells however everything that

dividing cells however everything that

dividing cells however everything that divides and the body will be affected by

divides and the body will be affected by

divides and the body will be affected by chemo therapies hair nails digestive

chemo therapies hair nails digestive

chemo therapies hair nails digestive tracts blood even a developing embryo

tracts blood even a developing embryo

tracts blood even a developing embryo will be affected by chemotherapies you

will be affected by chemotherapies you

will be affected by chemotherapies you can compare camera therapies such as a

can compare camera therapies such as a

can compare camera therapies such as a b-52 trying to attack the enemy in a

b-52 trying to attack the enemy in a

b-52 trying to attack the enemy in a carpet bombing and of course provoking

carpet bombing and of course provoking

carpet bombing and of course provoking massive collateral damages if this type

massive collateral damages if this type

massive collateral damages if this type of strap

of strap

of strap she worked during World War two results

she worked during World War two results

she worked during World War two results were less impressive during vietnam war

so people are try to find a new way to

so people are try to find a new way to get the candle at cancer cells for

get the candle at cancer cells for

get the candle at cancer cells for example targeted therapies using like

example targeted therapies using like

example targeted therapies using like very sophisticated drone with smart

very sophisticated drone with smart

very sophisticated drone with smart missile that will go inside the body if

missile that will go inside the body if

missile that will go inside the body if i exactly where the cancer cell is

i exactly where the cancer cell is

i exactly where the cancer cell is hiding and kill the sent cancer cell

hiding and kill the sent cancer cell

hiding and kill the sent cancer cell they’re using the immune system i guess

they’re using the immune system i guess

they’re using the immune system i guess that everyone in this room have an

that everyone in this room have an

that everyone in this room have an immune system so with our immune system

immune system so with our immune system

immune system so with our immune system does the best protect us from foreign

does the best protect us from foreign

does the best protect us from foreign intrusions bacteria flew a lot of

intrusions bacteria flew a lot of

intrusions bacteria flew a lot of different things the immune system can

different things the immune system can

different things the immune system can be compared for example to the

be compared for example to the

be compared for example to the immigration police goes in the body and

immigration police goes in the body and

immigration police goes in the body and checks ID the IG checks ok everything’s

checks ID the IG checks ok everything’s

checks ID the IG checks ok everything’s fine but if the IG doesn’t check ok it

fine but if the IG doesn’t check ok it

fine but if the IG doesn’t check ok it will eventually stop it and kill

will eventually stop it and kill

will eventually stop it and kill whatever is not from our body so to

whatever is not from our body so to

whatever is not from our body so to reject it even self from someone else

reject it even self from someone else

reject it even self from someone else however the immune system cannot

however the immune system cannot

however the immune system cannot recognize the cancer cell why that

recognize the cancer cell why that

recognize the cancer cell why that because of course the cancer cell is

because of course the cancer cell is

because of course the cancer cell is have a valid ID and will let go by the

have a valid ID and will let go by the

have a valid ID and will let go by the by the by the immune system so

by the by the immune system so

by the by the immune system so researchers in the 70s try to use the

researchers in the 70s try to use the

researchers in the 70s try to use the immune system for example antibodies

immune system for example antibodies

immune system for example antibodies that come from the immune system and

that come from the immune system and

that come from the immune system and start to engineer them in a way to

start to engineer them in a way to

start to engineer them in a way to modify their tip and program these

modify their tip and program these

modify their tip and program these antibodies to recognize very

antibodies to recognize very

antibodies to recognize very specifically targeted cancer cells and

specifically targeted cancer cells and

specifically targeted cancer cells and can be compared to smart missile but

can be compared to smart missile but

can be compared to smart missile but they’re empty smart missile they don’t

they’re empty smart missile they don’t

they’re empty smart missile they don’t have a warhead payload to kill cell like

have a warhead payload to kill cell like

have a warhead payload to kill cell like the cell for example if the antibody

the cell for example if the antibody

the cell for example if the antibody bind to a cancer cell won’t explode so

bind to a cancer cell won’t explode so

bind to a cancer cell won’t explode so the cell will stay there you need over a

the cell will stay there you need over a

the cell will stay there you need over a hundred thousand of these antibodies

hundred thousand of these antibodies

hundred thousand of these antibodies targeting the cancer cell to make it die

targeting the cancer cell to make it die

targeting the cancer cell to make it die for example rituximab that was developed

for example rituximab that was developed

for example rituximab that was developed in the 70s save thousands of lives from

in the 70s save thousands of lives from

in the 70s save thousands of lives from very aggressive b-cell leukemia

very aggressive b-cell leukemia

very aggressive b-cell leukemia but you don’t have that many model

but you don’t have that many model

but you don’t have that many model clients about antibodies like this going

clients about antibodies like this going

clients about antibodies like this going in targeting cells so people start

in targeting cells so people start

in targeting cells so people start thinking track

thinking track

thinking track find other type of strategies and see if

find other type of strategies and see if

find other type of strategies and see if there is not strategies to go put

there is not strategies to go put

there is not strategies to go put payloads on them these type of payloads

payloads on them these type of payloads

payloads on them these type of payloads are camera therapy so you put camera

are camera therapy so you put camera

are camera therapy so you put camera therapy on a model antibody

therapy on a model antibody

therapy on a model antibody it’s called antibody drug conjugate ADC

it’s called antibody drug conjugate ADC

it’s called antibody drug conjugate ADC put them inside the blood of the patient

put them inside the blood of the patient

put them inside the blood of the patient and it goes and concentrate chemo on the

and it goes and concentrate chemo on the

and it goes and concentrate chemo on the cancer cell and trying to avoid healthy

cancer cell and trying to avoid healthy

cancer cell and trying to avoid healthy tissues here you can get down to maybe

tissues here you can get down to maybe

tissues here you can get down to maybe 10,000 of these like darts that would go

10,000 of these like darts that would go

10,000 of these like darts that would go directly on the cancer cell but the real

directly on the cancer cell but the real

directly on the cancer cell but the real dream of researchers was to use

dream of researchers was to use

dream of researchers was to use something that is in all of us t-cells a

something that is in all of us t-cells a

something that is in all of us t-cells a real cell killing machine t-cell

real cell killing machine t-cell

real cell killing machine t-cell circulate in the blood is part of this

circulate in the blood is part of this

circulate in the blood is part of this immigration police trying to hunt for

immigration police trying to hunt for

immigration police trying to hunt for anything inside the body that would be a

anything inside the body that would be a

anything inside the body that would be a foreign intrusion it has a sniffer

foreign intrusion it has a sniffer

foreign intrusion it has a sniffer called the t-cell receptor each time it

called the t-cell receptor each time it

called the t-cell receptor each time it detects something that don’t belong to

detects something that don’t belong to

detects something that don’t belong to us it will immediately target it and

us it will immediately target it and

us it will immediately target it and kill it for example the flu here you

kill it for example the flu here you

kill it for example the flu here you have like the small round thing below is

have like the small round thing below is

have like the small round thing below is the t-cell and will release weapon and

the t-cell and will release weapon and

the t-cell and will release weapon and make totally the cell that is infected

make totally the cell that is infected

make totally the cell that is infected by flu to explode releasing weapons it

by flu to explode releasing weapons it

by flu to explode releasing weapons it needs approximately 15 minutes to

needs approximately 15 minutes to

needs approximately 15 minutes to recharge and can go and kill another

recharge and can go and kill another

recharge and can go and kill another cell and can go do this more than 10,000

cell and can go do this more than 10,000

cell and can go do this more than 10,000 times in a row but the most impressive

times in a row but the most impressive

times in a row but the most impressive thing is that this t-cell will expand at

thing is that this t-cell will expand at

thing is that this t-cell will expand at the first kill by more than a hundred

the first kill by more than a hundred

the first kill by more than a hundred thousand fold in billions of T cells in

thousand fold in billions of T cells in

thousand fold in billions of T cells in the body and also it goes and can get

the body and also it goes and can get

the body and also it goes and can get outside from the blood vessels and hunt

outside from the blood vessels and hunt

outside from the blood vessels and hunt for the target even under the skin and

for the target even under the skin and

for the target even under the skin and clean up totally the body the fact is

clean up totally the body the fact is

clean up totally the body the fact is that after two weeks of hard work the

that after two weeks of hard work the

that after two weeks of hard work the t-cell will exhaust totally their their

t-cell will exhaust totally their their

t-cell will exhaust totally their their weapons and of course they expand they

weapons and of course they expand they

weapons and of course they expand they will exhaust their weapons and only 5%

will exhaust their weapons and only 5%

will exhaust their weapons and only 5% of them world survives and will keep

of them world survives and will keep

of them world survives and will keep memory of these battles so this would

memory of these battles so this would

memory of these battles so this would never happen again the problem is that

never happen again the problem is that

never happen again the problem is that the t-cell crosses for example a cancer

the t-cell crosses for example a cancer

the t-cell crosses for example a cancer cell and check with it part of the

cell and check with it part of the

cell and check with it part of the family

family

family the t-cell don’t kill the cancer cell so

the t-cell don’t kill the cancer cell so

the t-cell don’t kill the cancer cell so researchers tried to find a strategy to

researchers tried to find a strategy to

researchers tried to find a strategy to make this t-cell dislike immense killing

make this t-cell dislike immense killing

make this t-cell dislike immense killing machine to go and try to target cancer

machine to go and try to target cancer

machine to go and try to target cancer cells so the first idea was to make

cells so the first idea was to make

cells so the first idea was to make antibodies that plug on one side of the

antibodies that plug on one side of the

antibodies that plug on one side of the can on the T cell and go and make the T

can on the T cell and go and make the T

can on the T cell and go and make the T cell focus its attention on cancer cell

cell focus its attention on cancer cell

cell focus its attention on cancer cell it’s called by specific antibodies bang

it’s called by specific antibodies bang

it’s called by specific antibodies bang it will kill it but the thing that you

it will kill it but the thing that you

it will kill it but the thing that you would lose in this operation is

would lose in this operation is

would lose in this operation is essentially the expansion of the T cell

essentially the expansion of the T cell

essentially the expansion of the T cell it’s a normal matchmaker so you make the

it’s a normal matchmaker so you make the

it’s a normal matchmaker so you make the T cell kill the cancer cell and this is

T cell kill the cancer cell and this is

T cell kill the cancer cell and this is it

it

it and one but no expansion but the real

and one but no expansion but the real

and one but no expansion but the real powerful thing that was built by

powerful thing that was built by

powerful thing that was built by researchers was to start to engineer

researchers was to start to engineer

researchers was to start to engineer genetically these T cells into a new

genetically these T cells into a new

genetically these T cells into a new type of product so what was done was

type of product so what was done was

type of product so what was done was fairly simple take a t-cell take a gene

fairly simple take a t-cell take a gene

fairly simple take a t-cell take a gene push the gene inside gene will go inside

push the gene inside gene will go inside

push the gene inside gene will go inside the program of this T cell and start

the program of this T cell and start

the program of this T cell and start expressing a molecule called the camera

expressing a molecule called the camera

expressing a molecule called the camera can T general cetera cards a new arm

can T general cetera cards a new arm

can T general cetera cards a new arm that will give three different type of

that will give three different type of

that will give three different type of properties to the T cell first recognize

properties to the T cell first recognize

properties to the T cell first recognize cancer cell second kill this cancer cell

cancer cell second kill this cancer cell

cancer cell second kill this cancer cell and third expand in to billions of

and third expand in to billions of

and third expand in to billions of clones inside the body so the first

clones inside the body so the first

clones inside the body so the first attempt to try to cure people with this

attempt to try to cure people with this

attempt to try to cure people with this therapy was like patient back several

therapy was like patient back several

therapy was like patient back several years ago that had failed all other kind

years ago that had failed all other kind

years ago that had failed all other kind of like cancer therapy and could not be

of like cancer therapy and could not be

of like cancer therapy and could not be true to progressive cancers had pounds

true to progressive cancers had pounds

true to progressive cancers had pounds of tumors growing in their body so what

of tumors growing in their body so what

of tumors growing in their body so what they did is that they extracted the T

they did is that they extracted the T

they did is that they extracted the T cells from the patient either the car

cells from the patient either the car

cells from the patient either the car inside reinjected this inside the

inside reinjected this inside the

inside reinjected this inside the patient and waited for the first first

patient and waited for the first first

patient and waited for the first first week nothing happened and every thought

week nothing happened and every thought

week nothing happened and every thought was thought that the therapy has failed

was thought that the therapy has failed

was thought that the therapy has failed and then suddenly the patient went into

and then suddenly the patient went into

and then suddenly the patient went into super high fever the flu type fever and

super high fever the flu type fever and

super high fever the flu type fever and family start to worry the doctors

family start to worry the doctors

family start to worry the doctors thought that the patient would die after

thought that the patient would die after

thought that the patient would die after two weeks fever stopped and the patient

two weeks fever stopped and the patient

two weeks fever stopped and the patient was check totally cancer-free

was check totally cancer-free

was check totally cancer-free two pounds of tumor this is one pound

two pounds of tumor this is one pound

two pounds of tumor this is one pound boom were melted down in two weeks and

boom were melted down in two weeks and

boom were melted down in two weeks and the cancer like the cancer has totally

the cancer like the cancer has totally

the cancer like the cancer has totally disappeared from the patient these

disappeared from the patient these

disappeared from the patient these patient are still alive today like five

patient are still alive today like five

patient are still alive today like five years later and since then hundreds if

years later and since then hundreds if

years later and since then hundreds if not thousands of patient even product

not thousands of patient even product

not thousands of patient even product like this have been approved or recently

like this have been approved or recently

like this have been approved or recently approved what happened in the patient is

approved what happened in the patient is

approved what happened in the patient is that the t-cell came in focuses

that the t-cell came in focuses

that the t-cell came in focuses attention on the cancer cell kill cancer

attention on the cancer cell kill cancer

attention on the cancer cell kill cancer cells and start expanding and this fever

cells and start expanding and this fever

cells and start expanding and this fever like a flu was a massive expansion of

like a flu was a massive expansion of

like a flu was a massive expansion of these T cells inside the body that led

these T cells inside the body that led

these T cells inside the body that led to this big war a destruction of toll

to this big war a destruction of toll

to this big war a destruction of toll the tumor and made station having this

the tumor and made station having this

the tumor and made station having this very high fever two years and a half ago

very high fever two years and a half ago

very high fever two years and a half ago like mid-2015 doctors some along and

like mid-2015 doctors some along and

like mid-2015 doctors some along and hospitals came up to us and asked us

hospitals came up to us and asked us

hospitals came up to us and asked us because they had a patient that fill all

because they had a patient that fill all

because they had a patient that fill all other therapies and they try to make a

other therapies and they try to make a

other therapies and they try to make a cancer like a car t therapy like this

cancer like a car t therapy like this

cancer like a car t therapy like this draw some but not enough T cells with

draw some but not enough T cells with

draw some but not enough T cells with all the camera you can the camera

all the camera you can the camera

all the camera you can the camera therapies they killed all the T cells

therapies they killed all the T cells

therapies they killed all the T cells and they couldn’t do car key therapy so

and they couldn’t do car key therapy so

and they couldn’t do car key therapy so we thought about probably donating T

we thought about probably donating T

we thought about probably donating T cells but you cannot donate T cells from

cells but you cannot donate T cells from

cells but you cannot donate T cells from one door or a 2 receiver B why that

one door or a 2 receiver B why that

one door or a 2 receiver B why that because it’s an immigration police so T

because it’s an immigration police so T

because it’s an immigration police so T cell that would come from a healthy

cell that would come from a healthy

cell that would come from a healthy daughter that would get inside a cancer

daughter that would get inside a cancer

daughter that would get inside a cancer patient will come and start checking IDs

patient will come and start checking IDs

patient will come and start checking IDs all the check IDs will be false and

all the check IDs will be false and

all the check IDs will be false and start destroying everything with its

start destroying everything with its

start destroying everything with its sniffer and will provoke massive

sniffer and will provoke massive

sniffer and will provoke massive destruction of internal organs in

destruction of internal organs in

destruction of internal organs in something called the graft-versus-host

something called the graft-versus-host

something called the graft-versus-host disease it will induce a destruction

disease it will induce a destruction

disease it will induce a destruction inside so that’s not possible so just to

inside so that’s not possible so just to

inside so that’s not possible so just to give you an idea if y’all take for

give you an idea if y’all take for

give you an idea if y’all take for example the u.s. police immigration

example the u.s. police immigration

example the u.s. police immigration police and transport it and put it

police and transport it and put it

police and transport it and put it inside for example lebanon i take an

inside for example lebanon i take an

inside for example lebanon i take an example lebanon and let them check IDs

example lebanon and let them check IDs

example lebanon and let them check IDs everyone can guess that will stop all

everyone can guess that will stop all

everyone can guess that will stop all the population and killing everyone it

the population and killing everyone it

the population and killing everyone it will make a massive destruction inside

will make a massive destruction inside

will make a massive destruction inside there this is what is graph versus host

there this is what is graph versus host

there this is what is graph versus host disease so the paradigm

disease so the paradigm

disease so the paradigm and medicine was you cannot donate Tisa

and medicine was you cannot donate Tisa

and medicine was you cannot donate Tisa from donor a to donor be but in 2015 we

from donor a to donor be but in 2015 we

from donor a to donor be but in 2015 we could do something that was really

could do something that was really

could do something that was really amazing gene editing gene editing is the

amazing gene editing gene editing is the

amazing gene editing gene editing is the key we could edit the genome of T cells

key we could edit the genome of T cells

key we could edit the genome of T cells so what we did we just engineered

so what we did we just engineered

so what we did we just engineered scissors I mean real scissors like these

scissors I mean real scissors like these

scissors I mean real scissors like these scissors a pair of scissors okay not

scissors a pair of scissors okay not

scissors a pair of scissors okay not that big well drill molecular scissors

that big well drill molecular scissors

that big well drill molecular scissors to nanometers size that for program

to nanometers size that for program

to nanometers size that for program exactly to go inside a cell and that’s

exactly to go inside a cell and that’s

exactly to go inside a cell and that’s DNA probably not two meters and haven’t

DNA probably not two meters and haven’t

DNA probably not two meters and haven’t measured this but their program define

measured this but their program define

measured this but their program define exactly the gene this is the gene furred

exactly the gene this is the gene furred

exactly the gene this is the gene furred like that makes the sniffer and will

like that makes the sniffer and will

like that makes the sniffer and will make a snap inside this is an operation

make a snap inside this is an operation

make a snap inside this is an operation of gene editing in front of your eyes

of gene editing in front of your eyes

of gene editing in front of your eyes click so clip it like this and you have

click so clip it like this and you have

click so clip it like this and you have the two tips of the gene the cell will

the two tips of the gene the cell will

the two tips of the gene the cell will say alarm we have to repair DNA here and

say alarm we have to repair DNA here and

say alarm we have to repair DNA here and we’ll stitch back this provoking a

we’ll stitch back this provoking a

we’ll stitch back this provoking a mutation inside the gene and the gene

mutation inside the gene and the gene

mutation inside the gene and the gene will be disabled it won’t work anymore

will be disabled it won’t work anymore

will be disabled it won’t work anymore so the thing that would happen then is

so the thing that would happen then is

so the thing that would happen then is that the t-cell will lose its ability to

that the t-cell will lose its ability to

that the t-cell will lose its ability to recognize non-self will be totally blind

recognize non-self will be totally blind

recognize non-self will be totally blind to non-self and then after this you just

to non-self and then after this you just

to non-self and then after this you just are add the gene coding for the car and

are add the gene coding for the car and

are add the gene coding for the car and you have a super g- car t-cell that can

you have a super g- car t-cell that can

you have a super g- car t-cell that can focus 100% of the detention against the

focus 100% of the detention against the

focus 100% of the detention against the tumor cells without going and harming

tumor cells without going and harming

tumor cells without going and harming the patient so what we did we inject as

the patient so what we did we inject as

the patient so what we did we inject as the t-cells to the patient two weeks

the t-cells to the patient two weeks

the t-cells to the patient two weeks later the patient felt better one month

later the patient felt better one month

later the patient felt better one month later the patient was diagnosed cancer

later the patient was diagnosed cancer

later the patient was diagnosed cancer free and since then two years and a half

free and since then two years and a half

free and since then two years and a half after these patients that have been

after these patients that have been

after these patients that have been treated this way tens of them are still

treated this way tens of them are still

treated this way tens of them are still in complete remission and that’s totally

in complete remission and that’s totally

in complete remission and that’s totally opening a new gate of a new type of

opening a new gate of a new type of

opening a new gate of a new type of therapy where you can’t take for example

therapy where you can’t take for example

therapy where you can’t take for example normal donor healthy cells you extract

normal donor healthy cells you extract

normal donor healthy cells you extract the t-cells you cut the DNA inside

the t-cells you cut the DNA inside

the t-cells you cut the DNA inside reprogram this put a car inside and then

reprogram this put a car inside and then

reprogram this put a car inside and then you make a universal cell that they give

you make a universal cell that they give

you make a universal cell that they give it given to anyone no need for

it given to anyone no need for

it given to anyone no need for to provide the t-cells this type of

to provide the t-cells this type of

to provide the t-cells this type of therapy marks a new era it’s a new era

therapy marks a new era it’s a new era

therapy marks a new era it’s a new era in cancer therapies as the teeth are the

in cancer therapies as the teeth are the

in cancer therapies as the teeth are the cells are becoming real cancer killer

cells are becoming real cancer killer

cells are becoming real cancer killer products it’s probably the end of the

products it’s probably the end of the

products it’s probably the end of the prehistoric period in here a cell is a

prehistoric period in here a cell is a

prehistoric period in here a cell is a very small tiny machine and just

very small tiny machine and just

very small tiny machine and just reprogramming inside the DNA and the DNA

reprogramming inside the DNA and the DNA

reprogramming inside the DNA and the DNA have a huge complexity inside its 6.4

have a huge complexity inside its 6.4

have a huge complexity inside its 6.4 billion letters that are assembled so I

billion letters that are assembled so I

billion letters that are assembled so I just like to show you how you can just

just like to show you how you can just

just like to show you how you can just cut down few genes and add for example

cut down few genes and add for example

cut down few genes and add for example one gene seems to be really simple but

one gene seems to be really simple but

one gene seems to be really simple but it’s already a huge sophistication

it’s already a huge sophistication

it’s already a huge sophistication however it marks probably the beginning

however it marks probably the beginning

however it marks probably the beginning of what is going to be the most powerful

of what is going to be the most powerful

of what is going to be the most powerful revolution in the history of medicine

revolution in the history of medicine

revolution in the history of medicine t-cell as this little cancer killer

t-cell as this little cancer killer

t-cell as this little cancer killer drones are going to be programmed in a

drones are going to be programmed in a

drones are going to be programmed in a more and more sophisticated way to

more and more sophisticated way to

more and more sophisticated way to become the most powerful medical tool

become the most powerful medical tool

become the most powerful medical tool human ever created thank you very much

human ever created thank you very much

human ever created thank you very much [Applause]

”

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