00:00:13of dwarfism produces people who stand
00:00:16barely four feet above the ground
00:00:18fully grown a far rarer condition
00:00:22creates the smallest people on earth who
00:00:24rise just three feet in the air making
00:00:27other Dwarfs look like Giants I feel
00:00:29like I want to powder your nose and a
00:00:32new unexplained form of dwarfism has
00:00:35been discovered in just one person on
00:00:37the planet inside and out
00:00:42they are truly extraordinary humans here
00:00:53the Campbell family who live in Maryland
00:00:57is like any other American family except
00:01:00that they operate on a lower altitude
00:01:01than most you go show mama where you put
00:01:05your coat Susie Campbell is 46 years old
00:01:09I’m a stay-at-home mom domestic engineer
00:01:11but at 3 foot 10 inches she’s the size
00:01:14of a typical six year old she stands a
00:01:17foot and a half shorter than the average
00:01:18adult female even so Susie has fully
00:01:22adapted to life on a different scale I
00:01:26care about my hair color that kind of
00:01:28stuff but being a dwarf I’ve never had
00:01:31an issue with it never Susie like some
00:01:3470% of dwarfs has the type called
00:01:37a cond replace’ people with this
00:01:39condition are called a cons they are
00:01:41born average-sized but their skeletons
00:01:44take on their distinctive shapes as they
00:01:47grow older
00:01:47curiously they’re not smaller in every
00:01:51way
00:01:51for example Susie’s head is actually
00:01:53bigger than average and her torso is the
00:01:56same as a normal-sized person but it’s
00:01:58in their half-size thigh and upper arm
00:02:00bones where dwarfs part ways with
00:02:02average people the way in which a cons
00:02:05like Susie walk is due to another
00:02:07unusual skeletal feature their knees
00:02:10tend to bend outward
00:02:11and the more extreme the been the more
00:02:14pressure is applied to the joints the
00:02:18legs bow because in a cons outer shank
00:02:21bone the fibula grows longer than the
00:02:23inner bone the tibia
00:02:24this causes the legs to bend outward
00:02:29compared to average-sized adults their
00:02:32unique leg design forces a cons to walk
00:02:34in a distinctive way they walk with a
00:02:37waddle taking short steps and swaying
00:02:39from side to side the movement requires
00:02:43more energy per step than for an
00:02:45average-sized person walking or standing
00:02:48Susie’s height gives her a unique sense
00:02:51of scale when I am sitting in a chair
00:02:54and an average-sized person is sitting
00:02:56next to me we’re almost the same height
00:02:59the time of difference is when we stand
00:03:02up Suzy’s a Kandra pleasure is caused by
00:03:05a genetic mutation in a gene that comes
00:03:08from her father her parents are both
00:03:10average-sized as are her siblings and
00:03:13this is true of some 80% of a cons I’m
00:03:16the only one with dwarfism in my family
00:03:19both my brothers are over 6 feet the
00:03:23mutated gene responsible for causing a
00:03:25Kandra pleasure is located on the end of
00:03:28one of the 46 human chromosomes pick
00:03:31that to mama please chromosomes are long
00:03:34chains of DNA that look like twisted
00:03:37ladders a gene is a section of that
00:03:40ladder genes carry code for building the
00:03:42human body they are blueprints for how
00:03:45the body grows everything from the
00:03:47internal organs to a person’s physical
00:03:49appearance the ladders cross pieces are
00:03:53chemicals that make up those
00:03:55instructions in a Kandra pleasure one of
00:03:58these cross pieces happens to be the
00:04:00wrong chemical this mutation most
00:04:03dramatically affects the growth of bone
00:04:05particularly those in the arms and legs
00:04:08this genetic glitch interrupts the usual
00:04:11process that makes them grow
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