In fact today I speak using the knowledge of life
about what we can accomplish.
But in order to be able to talk about this,
we need to discuss what life is.
We will need all your imagination for this in the next few minutes.
If you’re ready, let’s start!
I guess we’re all a slippery cup
We can not go down and break.
This is the end result.
The fact that the glass pieces on the ground merge and turn into a barrel again
or have you ascended from the ground?
Probably not.
Good, but why?
That’s why there are some principles on the basis of the universe.
Molecules, even the behavior of living things in space, movements,
that is, these principles that determine their kind of fate.
Gravity, electromagnetism, you are familiar with these concepts.
These are the most basic forces holding the universe together.
One can also use these forces to explain,
there are more cousins than we do not know so well.
Name entropy.
Entropy is simply a measure of irregularity within a system.
But you have to say that it’s irregular, because there’s no irregularity
possibilities, possibilities where there is information.
Let’s explain this through an example.
Imagine a stadium, for example.
You are looking at the tribunals, thousands of people singing a carpet at the same time.
Any word that comes out of a person’s mouth
it’s pretty easy to guess.
Simple and organized.
Therefore, the system’s knowledge, possibilities and entropy are low.
That’s why it’s fragile.
When it comes across the circuit, the whole place is chaos.
When you look from the scene, there is a nonsense crowd in the tribunes
you see, but if you walk between the stands,
people interacting with each other, thousands of different topics
you’ll see that they talk, maybe millions of different moves.
The second law of thermodynamics, the entropy law,
it explains why this is so.
For a reason we still do not know exactly
the universe is inclined to drift into chaos by breaking all the order.
If you have a child, I’m sure you understand this principle better than me.
As long as you do not force it,
and the rooms that have managed to become even more scattered forever
you probably are not strangers to you.
This is a pretty good example of this.
We, people, learn to use the principles that are the basis of the universe
engines, computers, artificial intelligence, and even robots.
Now, they will be combined and intelligent
and we are talking about the days when they will conquer mankind.
This scenario sounds familiar to me somewhere.
Because, as far as we know, at least 3.8 billion years ago
a very intelligent robot has already caught on our planet.
I know it sounds weird when you say so.
But these cells are not so strange to us in fact … These robots.
Today we call them cells.
The universe has enough energy and time, in the presence of appropriate conditions,
self-buildable,
can manipulate the environment, can make calculations and decide
the knowledge of the chemical sponge is that of microscopic oil droplets
he succeeded in capturing the inside and brought the cells to the square.
Come on, let’s get to know these creatures a bit closer.
Take a bacterium, for example.
These creatures are so small that if one were in a human dimension
people would be as big as the Pacific Ocean.
When we enter into them, we encounter a system of three basic molecules.
DNA, RNA and protein.
For your life to be sustainable and reproducible
All necessary instructions are coded on the code of the DNA.
RNAs that carry these instructions from DNA into the cell
and the molecules that regulate the system.
Functional machines of the protein system.
They are carrying out tasks assigned to them by spending energy.
And there are millions of these molecules in a cell,
they are constantly interacting.
You can look at it like a mixed dining table.
And all the fact is that some potatoes come together
related to giving the red colors he gets from the peppers on the beef.
But how do these potatoes know what to do?
That’s where entropy comes in again.
The same universe as all the molecular systems
it continuously tries to increase entropy.
This gives them some kind of behavior.
And when these behaviors come together in a millions of cells
strangely chase each other to these creatures
they gain intelligence.
The good news is we do not have to be scared of these creatures.
Because the first time we breed the milk, the first soil we sow the seed
these days we have gained a lot of information about these creatures.
So that you can now go into genetic systems and gain the qualities
or schedule what we want to do.
For example, insulin you use, some cancer drugs, a biofuel called farnesene,
even vanillin, which you buy from the market, is being produced with the cells programmed today.
In the first years when I started this interesting field
I was walking around the congressional convention to learn something.
I remember it very well
Hacettepe University had a nanomedicine congress.
Coincidentally, one of the academicians on the organization committee
She was a friend of mine.
I too was moved with great enthusiasm from Istanbul,
I went to Ankara, I listened to the talk,
every time I listen to the talk I get a little more excited.
Then I went out between the two speeches and grabbed my mom’s friend Mehmet Abi
and even if I do not get to meet someone like him
I started to puke the idea.
Well, Mehmet Abi listened to me for patience.
When there was no other word to say, he turned and said to me:
“My son is the same as you, in the years when I first started university
I came here with great dreams.
“For example, my dream is to make people with wings.
“Come on, after you get into it
the methods we use in biological sciences
I realized that it was still very primitive.
“Where do winged people, into small globes
where the drug molecules try to squeeze … “
Within two minutes, Mehmet Abi broke my whole world.
The bad part about the guy was quite right.
On the comets in the farthest corners of the Solar System
human beings who can succeed in bringing down the satellite, when the biological sciences
he was in need of fairly primitive methods.
It was not too hard to understand why it originated later.
All genetic constructs work with instructions and genetic language system.
While the genetic language is constantly reading the instructions, the instructions also form the genetic language
He is building the mechanism.
The best example of this is you.
Some instructions from your mother, some instructions from your father
the first day you start this life
they come together in one single cell.
And if the genetic language in that cell is what it says
By reading them in order, you will have all your features today from that single cell
brings you to the square.
For example, before your mother’s womb, your head is growing, your body is widening,
Your shoulders are leaving protrusions.
Towards the end of these protrusions, cells die at certain intervals
If they are left, they begin to ossify.
What the hell?
Today’s hands are coming to the square.
The problem is starting from here.
Once each organism has its own genetic instructions
and their genetic language that reads them.
So there is nothing universal.
How people have been for many years
if you read the inscriptions to solve ancient languages
genetic engineers are also interested in the
and tried to solve their genetic tongues by reading their instructions.
In fact, we were quite successful in this matter.
To the best of our knowledge, genetic languages
today we have gathered under the things that we call track libraries.
And now when we want to get something done to a cell,
we take the pieces we need from those piece libraries
we bind it to a DNA molecule and transfer it to the cells.
Unfortunately, the 3.8 billion yearly arge,
giving the cells a rather complex genetic language.
We have computers that are powerful enough to calculate this complexity,
nor do we have the tools to deal with this complication.
So the systems we build into the cells do not last long.
Because our processes are not computable, we have a fairly experimental and working prototype
Sometimes it takes thousands of times to try again.
Moreover, the primitive methods we use are so much energy lost
cause,
the cells …
It is almost impossible to get the cells that produce efficiently.
With the entire Geen Bio Technology team measuring media weight for many years
artificial spider to drug molecules
we are developing cell line producing many industrial products.
And every time the complexity of the genetic language and the process of experimentation
we have to face again and again.
And now you’re safe
for the next step in genetic engineering
this problem must be solved absolutely.
Of course, we are not the only team that thinks this problem needs to be solved.
In the past year, the Craig Venter Institute
by discarding all unnecessary genes in a cell they have
they succeeded in developing the simplest cellular organism that currently lives.
But in doing so they have done so much damage to these cells
the cells also lost their industrial capabilities.
Another team worked in a similar way in other organizations
they too were not successful enough to simplify.
If we followed a different method,
because it’s about creating a simple genetic language.
if we were aware that there were some older and more experienced people than us:
viruses
To get the viruses to do what they want the cells to do,
to produce simple and compact solutions to do what they
is the place to say.
We were inspired by these life forms and about two years ago
The name of GeenOS,
when a cell is transferred into a cell, the cell is universal, simple and
a DNA molecule that will elicit a second genetic code that can be calculated
We started to develop.
Now it’s probably up to you so far
one of the most complex genetic engineering studies
I will try to explain it as simple as possible.
Once to obtain a genetic language, first of all,
You need a mechanism.
We took it from a virus family and made it the heart of the system.
Afterwards, as your cells grow, so that your DNA can grow
We can get a system that will produce new DNA from DNA from another virus family
We have developed and added to the system.
As a result of long studies, there is a mechanism to produce proteins from RNA
After collecting from the bacteria, it was left to organize a single system.
We did this using programmable proteins.
Finally, we have created the skeleton of this genetic language, and finally
genetic engineers can interact with this genetic dill, commands
and after adding a final module to the system so they can give instructions
We have completed the first prototype of GeenOS.
The purpose of the system is actually to genetic engineering processes
increasing the computability of processes by providing a simple genetic language
reduce experimentation.
But when we developed this system, we met something interesting.
When we put the system’s DNA into simulations,
and after a while, prevented the growth of the cells.
We did research in the literature for this and compared it with this system.
Each point you see here represents a protein
and the increase of each protein suppresses the increase of the other two proteins.
The article suggested:
If the correct parameters are provided
such a system can count the number of DNA on it,
he could remember the count, even react to this increase.
It’s exactly what we need.
But there was a serious problem.
This system was a completely virtual system developed on the computer,
in reality there was no money.
To build such a system with our parts libraries
it was not possible.
We were going into full depression so my mind came up with something very important.
The programmable proteins in the system we have developed so far
when a computable genetic dele comes together
it made something possible that we had never noticed before.
Some DNA fragments come with features we want
we were able to calculate it on a computer.
What does this mean?
It is completely computationally computed and contains a virtual genetic system within cells
it can be made operational.
Witnessing GeenOS facilitating its own development
about us that this system will open new horizons in genetic engineering
convinced him a second time.
In traditional genetic engineering processes, we usually
we are seeing a cycle of four stages.
First we design a system on a computer.
Then we build it as DNA.
We transfer them to the inside of the cells and we get the results of the experiment
we get to the beginning of the genetic design board by learning something.
But since the calculations we normally do are fairly accurate
the vast majority of our time and our money are spent building and experimenting
we have to spend it over and over again.
However, with a platform such as GeenOS, the design stage is much higher
when we spend time building and experimenting with calculations with accuracy
and it is possible to reduce the money to ten cents.
Okay nice.
We have a platform for developing programmable cells.
“But what good programmable cells will do in my life?”
I would like to give you a few examples.
For example, if you have an infection in your skin, say yeast infection,
You are going to the doctor and printing a medicine
and you are constantly applying that medicine to kill those microbes.
However, programmable cells in your intestines or at your
living in your lifetime, these diseases, sometimes even viral diseases,
they can protect you for a lifetime to ensure you never get caught.
They can prolong your life.
For example, in a diabetic reactor, again programmed cells
The insulin produced by you has to take it regularly from the outside as medicine.
However, if we could program the bacteria in these reactors a bit better
these patients need insulin for life
we may be able to provide it as soon as we need it.
Another example: cartilage erosion.
The best way to avoid this discomfort at the moment
grow the root cells in the laboratory and use some rical chemistry
and injecting the cells into the self
hoping to find out what to do.
However, if we can talk to these cells,
we can show them what they need to do.
The province does not have to be in medical field.
Our industry is also in a very uneven position.
We are constantly devastating natural resources and producing industrial wastes.
However, the missing link of this chain is synthetic biology.
Programmable cells industrial waste
transforming it back into natural resources
or converting them into products we use again
a very efficient platform.
There are many things we can do as you see.
And for us humans life is no longer a taboo.
It’s an engineering field.
Who knows what has been going on since ancient Greeks
Both Hazerfen and Mehmet Abi in Hacettepe share their dreams
winged people maybe not as far as we thought.
Thank you!
”
Be First to Comment