good evening so I’m a behavioral scientist and
so I’m a behavioral scientist and
so I’m a behavioral scientist and tonight I want to tell you a story
imagine a country which is a big
imagine a country which is a big producer of oil which by the way is a
producer of oil which by the way is a
producer of oil which by the way is a limited product this country has to
limited product this country has to
limited product this country has to provide oil for all inland consumers
provide oil for all inland consumers
provide oil for all inland consumers which is important this determines the
which is important this determines the
which is important this determines the welfare of the consumers and eventually
welfare of the consumers and eventually
welfare of the consumers and eventually the welfare of the population imagine
the welfare of the population imagine
the welfare of the population imagine now that out there there is a market
now that out there there is a market
now that out there there is a market which is made by private entities which
which is made by private entities which
which is made by private entities which are driven by the goal of making money
are driven by the goal of making money
are driven by the goal of making money out of the oil trading our country will
out of the oil trading our country will
out of the oil trading our country will have to face a big dilemma whether to
have to face a big dilemma whether to
have to face a big dilemma whether to use internal local oil or whether to
use internal local oil or whether to
use internal local oil or whether to assess to the international market and
assess to the international market and
assess to the international market and try to get oil for the consumers from
try to get oil for the consumers from
try to get oil for the consumers from external sources the solution to this
external sources the solution to this
external sources the solution to this dilemma looks quite obvious indeed each
dilemma looks quite obvious indeed each
dilemma looks quite obvious indeed each use of internal oil local oil will have
use of internal oil local oil will have
use of internal oil local oil will have a long-term cost for the conferral
a long-term cost for the conferral
a long-term cost for the conferral consumers instead if this country is a
consumers instead if this country is a
consumers instead if this country is a implements a policy of importing oil
implements a policy of importing oil
implements a policy of importing oil from external sources this will increase
from external sources this will increase
from external sources this will increase on the long term this enviable
on the long term this enviable
on the long term this enviable of the consumers so I mean a benefit for
of the consumers so I mean a benefit for
of the consumers so I mean a benefit for the population now the example I just
the population now the example I just
the population now the example I just made is not the introduction to a TED
made is not the introduction to a TED
made is not the introduction to a TED talk in geopolitics it is instead the
talk in geopolitics it is instead the
talk in geopolitics it is instead the introduction to genetics the producers
introduction to genetics the producers
introduction to genetics the producers in this case are the parents and in
in this case are the parents and in
in this case are the parents and in particular demand according to the
particular demand according to the
particular demand according to the example I will talk about tonight the
example I will talk about tonight the
example I will talk about tonight the consumers are the offspring newborns
consumers are the offspring newborns
consumers are the offspring newborns individuals of our species which I will
individuals of our species which I will
individuals of our species which I will define
define
define altricial which means that their
altricial which means that their
altricial which means that their survival depends very much on the
survival depends very much on the
survival depends very much on the caregiver at least for some period of
caregiver at least for some period of
caregiver at least for some period of time after birth until winning a decent
time after birth until winning a decent
time after birth until winning a decent brief is also the an introduction to a
brief is also the an introduction to a
brief is also the an introduction to a framework of an evolutionary theory
framework of an evolutionary theory
framework of an evolutionary theory proposed by David Icke an evolutionary
proposed by David Icke an evolutionary
proposed by David Icke an evolutionary biologist at Harvard who states that mum
biologist at Harvard who states that mum
biologist at Harvard who states that mum is very much focused in maximizing the
is very much focused in maximizing the
is very much focused in maximizing the survival of all offspring and therefore
survival of all offspring and therefore
survival of all offspring and therefore what she will try to do
what she will try to do
what she will try to do is to budget as much as possible or all
is to budget as much as possible or all
is to budget as much as possible or all air resources and so that she can invest
air resources and so that she can invest
air resources and so that she can invest more in all offspring and in doing that
more in all offspring and in doing that
more in all offspring and in doing that she will use different strategies one of
she will use different strategies one of
she will use different strategies one of this strategy might be the anticipation
this strategy might be the anticipation
this strategy might be the anticipation of winning so that she can save some
of winning so that she can save some
of winning so that she can save some resources and get dad more involved in
resources and get dad more involved in
resources and get dad more involved in the care of the offspring from a recent
the care of the offspring from a recent
the care of the offspring from a recent lecture title a tale of two mothers we
lecture title a tale of two mothers we
lecture title a tale of two mothers we can make few considerations few
can make few considerations few
can make few considerations few observations but just looking at the
observations but just looking at the
observations but just looking at the reproductive strategies of female
reproductive strategies of female
reproductive strategies of female chimpanzees versus women of our species
chimpanzees versus women of our species
chimpanzees versus women of our species indeed if you look at this graph female
indeed if you look at this graph female
indeed if you look at this graph female chimpanzees give a birth quite early in
chimpanzees give a birth quite early in
chimpanzees give a birth quite early in life at the age of 12 15 they can’t
life at the age of 12 15 they can’t
life at the age of 12 15 they can’t reproduce until the end of their life
reproduce until the end of their life
reproduce until the end of their life with almost no post reproductive period
with almost no post reproductive period
with almost no post reproductive period if you think about basically species
if you think about basically species
if you think about basically species occupy most of the life time for
occupy most of the life time for
occupy most of the life time for reproduction
reproduction
reproduction moreover chimpanzee win quite late in
moreover chimpanzee win quite late in
moreover chimpanzee win quite late in life they win at the age of five or
life they win at the age of five or
life they win at the age of five or Angleton even later at the age of seven
Angleton even later at the age of seven
Angleton even later at the age of seven eight and the female chimpanzee won’t
eight and the female chimpanzee won’t
eight and the female chimpanzee won’t become pregnant again until the previous
become pregnant again until the previous
become pregnant again until the previous offspring is not fully independent
offspring is not fully independent
offspring is not fully independent instead if you look at how our species
instead if you look at how our species
instead if you look at how our species we can see that women give birth quite
we can see that women give birth quite
we can see that women give birth quite late in life an average of age of twenty
late in life an average of age of twenty
late in life an average of age of twenty but even a later this change across
but even a later this change across
but even a later this change across different cultures and we have a very
different cultures and we have a very
different cultures and we have a very long post reproductive period humans can
long post reproductive period humans can
long post reproductive period humans can win quite early instead and we win at
win quite early instead and we win at
win quite early instead and we win at the age of two three so that basically
the age of two three so that basically
the age of two three so that basically we have a multiple births quite close
we have a multiple births quite close
we have a multiple births quite close each other and this is a good strategy
each other and this is a good strategy
each other and this is a good strategy in order to use only a small segment of
in order to use only a small segment of
in order to use only a small segment of our lifetime dedicated to reproduction
our lifetime dedicated to reproduction
our lifetime dedicated to reproduction so what is all this telling us well
so what is all this telling us well
so what is all this telling us well first of all tells us that we are a
first of all tells us that we are a
first of all tells us that we are a species compared to other great apes
species compared to other great apes
species compared to other great apes that is capable of winning immature
that is capable of winning immature
that is capable of winning immature offspring individuals that not fully
offspring individuals that not fully
offspring individuals that not fully developed yet and if you think about
developed yet and if you think about
developed yet and if you think about this is mirrors exactly the way our
this is mirrors exactly the way our
this is mirrors exactly the way our societies organized
societies organized
societies organized indeed women can delegate the care of
indeed women can delegate the care of
indeed women can delegate the care of the offspring to fathers to grandparents
the offspring to fathers to grandparents
the offspring to fathers to grandparents to nurseries quite often to a
to nurseries quite often to a
to nurseries quite often to a combination of all these and these are
combination of all these and these are
combination of all these and these are some advantages for example as I said
some advantages for example as I said
some advantages for example as I said before we can use only a small segment
before we can use only a small segment
before we can use only a small segment of our life for the production but this
of our life for the production but this
of our life for the production but this allowed also to carry multiple offspring
allowed also to carry multiple offspring
allowed also to carry multiple offspring at the same time however this has some
at the same time however this has some
at the same time however this has some disadvantage for potentially
disadvantage for potentially
disadvantage for potentially disadvantages for the offspring indeed
disadvantages for the offspring indeed
disadvantages for the offspring indeed this increases the level of the risk for
this increases the level of the risk for
this increases the level of the risk for dr. King and what I will harbour in a
dr. King and what I will harbour in a
dr. King and what I will harbour in a moment that when this is match with
moment that when this is match with
moment that when this is match with particularly genetic factor might have
particularly genetic factor might have
particularly genetic factor might have negative consequences in life but better
negative consequences in life but better
negative consequences in life but better back to biology which are these genetic
back to biology which are these genetic
back to biology which are these genetic factors where there are specific genes
factors where there are specific genes
factors where there are specific genes which regulate all these mechanisms and
which regulate all these mechanisms and
which regulate all these mechanisms and what I would like to do tonight is to
what I would like to do tonight is to
what I would like to do tonight is to talk about a particular class of genes
talk about a particular class of genes
talk about a particular class of genes called imprinted genes what is the
called imprinted genes what is the
called imprinted genes what is the genomic imprinting genomic imprinting is
genomic imprinting genomic imprinting is
genomic imprinting genomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon which regards
an epigenetic phenomenon which regards
an epigenetic phenomenon which regards only a small set of genes and in this
only a small set of genes and in this
only a small set of genes and in this particular case it sets on and off only
particular case it sets on and off only
particular case it sets on and off only one copy of a gene either if this copy
one copy of a gene either if this copy
one copy of a gene either if this copy is inherited from the maternal line or
is inherited from the maternal line or
is inherited from the maternal line or if the copy is inherited from the
if the copy is inherited from the
if the copy is inherited from the paternal line and in some case the
paternal line and in some case the
paternal line and in some case the maternal copy is a silence so that gene
maternal copy is a silence so that gene
maternal copy is a silence so that gene is paternal expressed in other case is
is paternal expressed in other case is
is paternal expressed in other case is the paternal copy that is silenced that
the paternal copy that is silenced that
the paternal copy that is silenced that gene is maternal express so these genes
gene is maternal express so these genes
gene is maternal express so these genes are expressed differentially expressed
are expressed differentially expressed
are expressed differentially expressed in different part of our organism for
in different part of our organism for
in different part of our organism for example they are highly expressing the
example they are highly expressing the
example they are highly expressing the placenta and interesting enough for us
placenta and interesting enough for us
placenta and interesting enough for us that we study behavior they are highly
that we study behavior they are highly
that we study behavior they are highly expressed in the brain but why are so
expressed in the brain but why are so
expressed in the brain but why are so important well we know that imprinted
important well we know that imprinted
important well we know that imprinted genes are extremely important during
genes are extremely important during
genes are extremely important during development they regulate for example
development they regulate for example
development they regulate for example growth neural development but they’re
growth neural development but they’re
growth neural development but they’re also important for the setting of many
also important for the setting of many
also important for the setting of many behavioral aspects early in life and
behavioral aspects early in life and
behavioral aspects early in life and also for many metabolic expect for
also for many metabolic expect for
also for many metabolic expect for example imprinted genes are in poor
example imprinted genes are in poor
example imprinted genes are in poor and in regulating the capability of the
and in regulating the capability of the
and in regulating the capability of the offspring to take resources from the
offspring to take resources from the
offspring to take resources from the mother and also to they participate in
mother and also to they participate in
mother and also to they participate in the regulation of the interpreter well
the regulation of the interpreter well
the regulation of the interpreter well so the interval between distant birth is
so the interval between distant birth is
so the interval between distant birth is extremely important indeed if you are an
extremely important indeed if you are an
extremely important indeed if you are an offspring this tells you how long your
offspring this tells you how long your
offspring this tells you how long your mom would be able to invest in you
mom would be able to invest in you
mom would be able to invest in you before you will be sharing resources
before you will be sharing resources
before you will be sharing resources with the next offspring and trust me on
with the next offspring and trust me on
with the next offspring and trust me on this data was last in line my family so
this data was last in line my family so
this data was last in line my family so I know this very well but besides all
I know this very well but besides all
I know this very well but besides all these aspects we know that the genomic
these aspects we know that the genomic
these aspects we know that the genomic imprinting plays an important role we
imprinting plays an important role we
imprinting plays an important role we just discovered recently in one of the
just discovered recently in one of the
just discovered recently in one of the most mysterious aspect of our life which
most mysterious aspect of our life which
most mysterious aspect of our life which is still not fully understood this is
is still not fully understood this is
is still not fully understood this is asleep in my lab we discover that a few
asleep in my lab we discover that a few
asleep in my lab we discover that a few imprinted genes regulate one specific
imprinted genes regulate one specific
imprinted genes regulate one specific form of sleep which is called
form of sleep which is called
form of sleep which is called REM sleep so what is REM sleep REM is a
REM sleep so what is REM sleep REM is a
REM sleep so what is REM sleep REM is a physiologically active form of sleep in
physiologically active form of sleep in
physiologically active form of sleep in which our eyes move very fast and in
which our eyes move very fast and in
which our eyes move very fast and in which we experience dreaming but it
which we experience dreaming but it
which we experience dreaming but it turns out that the RAM is also very
turns out that the RAM is also very
turns out that the RAM is also very important during development and in
important during development and in
important during development and in particularly if you look at the
particularly if you look at the
particularly if you look at the developmental phase we see that the
developmental phase we see that the
developmental phase we see that the predominant state in this place is sleep
predominant state in this place is sleep
predominant state in this place is sleep more than 95% of the time of a fetus to
more than 95% of the time of a fetus to
more than 95% of the time of a fetus to spend a sleep and also after birth
spend a sleep and also after birth
spend a sleep and also after birth newborns spend most of their time in
newborns spend most of their time in
newborns spend most of their time in sleep and all this sleep is made by REM
sleep and all this sleep is made by REM
sleep and all this sleep is made by REM sleep which is also important for
sleep which is also important for
sleep which is also important for reproductive success later in life
reproductive success later in life
reproductive success later in life indeed if we block REM sleep during
indeed if we block REM sleep during
indeed if we block REM sleep during development we might lead to sexual
development we might lead to sexual
development we might lead to sexual dysfunction and to brain dysfunction all
dysfunction and to brain dysfunction all
dysfunction and to brain dysfunction all sort of conditions which reduces the
sort of conditions which reduces the
sort of conditions which reduces the reproductive opportunity for the
reproductive opportunity for the
reproductive opportunity for the individual but we know that REM is also
individual but we know that REM is also
individual but we know that REM is also extremely important for the
extremely important for the
extremely important for the establishment of many behavioral aspects
establishment of many behavioral aspects
establishment of many behavioral aspects during early life and what I will argue
during early life and what I will argue
during early life and what I will argue tonight that is important for attachment
tonight that is important for attachment
tonight that is important for attachment my friend Patrick McNamara professor at
my friend Patrick McNamara professor at
my friend Patrick McNamara professor at Boston University back in 2004 predicted
Boston University back in 2004 predicted
Boston University back in 2004 predicted that genomic imprinting was important
that genomic imprinting was important
that genomic imprinting was important for sleep and also that sleep is
for sleep and also that sleep is
for sleep and also that sleep is important in setting the bonding between
important in setting the bonding between
important in setting the bonding between the newborns and the mother he suggested
the newborns and the mother he suggested
the newborns and the mother he suggested the REM sleep could be profound
the REM sleep could be profound
the REM sleep could be profound in reinforcing the attachment with the
in reinforcing the attachment with the
in reinforcing the attachment with the caregiver and there are quite few
caregiver and there are quite few
caregiver and there are quite few research evidence showing this and going
research evidence showing this and going
research evidence showing this and going this direction for example we know that
this direction for example we know that
this direction for example we know that RAM increases when newborns
RAM increases when newborns
RAM increases when newborns cause sleep with the mothers conversely
cause sleep with the mothers conversely
cause sleep with the mothers conversely Ram decreases during maternal separation
Ram decreases during maternal separation
Ram decreases during maternal separation and there are several mechanism along
and there are several mechanism along
and there are several mechanism along with the sleep and with lactation which
with the sleep and with lactation which
with the sleep and with lactation which dictate the time for the next birth of
dictate the time for the next birth of
dictate the time for the next birth of the offspring also we know that the REM
the offspring also we know that the REM
the offspring also we know that the REM sleep changed across different species
sleep changed across different species
sleep changed across different species and he seems to be strongly correlated
and he seems to be strongly correlated
and he seems to be strongly correlated with the alt reality of a species so the
with the alt reality of a species so the
with the alt reality of a species so the greater is the maturity of a species the
greater is the maturity of a species the
greater is the maturity of a species the longer the time they spent asleep
longer the time they spent asleep
longer the time they spent asleep for example ferrets which are born in a
for example ferrets which are born in a
for example ferrets which are born in a quiet immature state days have almost 30
quiet immature state days have almost 30
quiet immature state days have almost 30 percent of their sleep in RAM while more
percent of their sleep in RAM while more
percent of their sleep in RAM while more precocial species like or PSA’s they
precocial species like or PSA’s they
precocial species like or PSA’s they spend only 20% of the sleep time in RAM
spend only 20% of the sleep time in RAM
spend only 20% of the sleep time in RAM and humans were just ended in between
and humans were just ended in between
and humans were just ended in between both in terms of a few allottee and
both in terms of a few allottee and
both in terms of a few allottee and expression of REM sleep so but what’s
expression of REM sleep so but what’s
expression of REM sleep so but what’s going on in the brain during REM sleep
going on in the brain during REM sleep
going on in the brain during REM sleep well a number of things going on in the
well a number of things going on in the
well a number of things going on in the brain and outside brain when we enter
brain and outside brain when we enter
brain and outside brain when we enter REM sleep during this physiological
REM sleep during this physiological
REM sleep during this physiological state we we lose for example the control
state we we lose for example the control
state we we lose for example the control of our body temperature so it’s a sort
of our body temperature so it’s a sort
of our body temperature so it’s a sort of going back in evolution down to the
of going back in evolution down to the
of going back in evolution down to the reptile lineage if you wish but there
reptile lineage if you wish but there
reptile lineage if you wish but there also many brain areas which are
also many brain areas which are
also many brain areas which are activated during REM sleep and one of
activated during REM sleep and one of
activated during REM sleep and one of these is the MiG da amygdala is an
these is the MiG da amygdala is an
these is the MiG da amygdala is an extremely important structure for our
extremely important structure for our
extremely important structure for our brain it provides us the capability to
brain it provides us the capability to
brain it provides us the capability to process emotions and when you are child
process emotions and when you are child
process emotions and when you are child this is extremely important it provides
this is extremely important it provides
this is extremely important it provides you the right infrastructure to
you the right infrastructure to
you the right infrastructure to understand if the environment around you
understand if the environment around you
understand if the environment around you is safe or not weather is chaotic or is
is safe or not weather is chaotic or is
is safe or not weather is chaotic or is predictable it has been shown that if
predictable it has been shown that if
predictable it has been shown that if the local environment during the first
the local environment during the first
the local environment during the first year of life is not stable and
year of life is not stable and
year of life is not stable and predictable this may have dramatic
predictable this may have dramatic
predictable this may have dramatic consequences for the developmental
consequences for the developmental
consequences for the developmental trajectories of the
trajectories of the
trajectories of the individuals so affecting the rest of our
individuals so affecting the rest of our
individuals so affecting the rest of our life so all this brings us to the next
life so all this brings us to the next
life so all this brings us to the next topic which motivated part of our
topic which motivated part of our
topic which motivated part of our research over the last few years and
research over the last few years and
research over the last few years and particularly what we wonder was what’s
particularly what we wonder was what’s
particularly what we wonder was what’s going on when we change genetic
going on when we change genetic
going on when we change genetic background and we discover that a
background and we discover that a
background and we discover that a combination a particular combination of
combination a particular combination of
combination a particular combination of maternal and paternal genes affects the
maternal and paternal genes affects the
maternal and paternal genes affects the expression of REM sleep but also the
expression of REM sleep but also the
expression of REM sleep but also the interaction between the newborns and the
interaction between the newborns and the
interaction between the newborns and the mother and what I will hug you here that
mother and what I will hug you here that
mother and what I will hug you here that influenced the development of particular
influenced the development of particular
influenced the development of particular attachment style what we did in this
attachment style what we did in this
attachment style what we did in this experiment is to subject newborn mice to
experiment is to subject newborn mice to
experiment is to subject newborn mice to an unfamiliar female and later to the
an unfamiliar female and later to the
an unfamiliar female and later to the man and we study how they react when in
man and we study how they react when in
man and we study how they react when in the explore the in unfamiliar
the explore the in unfamiliar
the explore the in unfamiliar environment and then during the reunion
environment and then during the reunion
environment and then during the reunion and what we understood is that a
and what we understood is that a
and what we understood is that a particular set of maternal and paternal
particular set of maternal and paternal
particular set of maternal and paternal genes influence this behavior in
genes influence this behavior in
genes influence this behavior in particular responsible of which
particular responsible of which
particular responsible of which developmental which attachment style the
developmental which attachment style the
developmental which attachment style the mouse will develop whether will have a
mouse will develop whether will have a
mouse will develop whether will have a secure attachment or an insecure
secure attachment or an insecure
secure attachment or an insecure attachment and most important this
attachment and most important this
attachment and most important this influence also the behavior as adult
influence also the behavior as adult
influence also the behavior as adult indeed those mice which develop an
indeed those mice which develop an
indeed those mice which develop an insecure attachment later in life will
insecure attachment later in life will
insecure attachment later in life will interact less and less with other
interact less and less with other
interact less and less with other conspecific so showing a sort of a
conspecific so showing a sort of a
conspecific so showing a sort of a social impairment so all I told you
social impairment so all I told you
social impairment so all I told you today brings us to some important
today brings us to some important
today brings us to some important consideration first of all that humans
consideration first of all that humans
consideration first of all that humans are not fully dedicated to the
are not fully dedicated to the
are not fully dedicated to the production we are not mandatorily
production we are not mandatorily
production we are not mandatorily committed to just pass our genes on to
committed to just pass our genes on to
committed to just pass our genes on to the next generation we surely respond to
the next generation we surely respond to
the next generation we surely respond to this evolutionary need but we have
this evolutionary need but we have
this evolutionary need but we have organized also our life with plenty of
organized also our life with plenty of
organized also our life with plenty of time to develop other activities and not
time to develop other activities and not
time to develop other activities and not all these activities are engaged in
all these activities are engaged in
all these activities are engaged in specific revolutionary programs compared
specific revolutionary programs compared
specific revolutionary programs compared to our other primates we extended our
to our other primates we extended our
to our other primates we extended our apostle productive period but we also
apostle productive period but we also
apostle productive period but we also extended our juvenile period and in
extended our juvenile period and in
extended our juvenile period and in particular during this extended juvenile
particular during this extended juvenile
particular during this extended juvenile period
period
period we invest lots of resources in preparing
we invest lots of resources in preparing
we invest lots of resources in preparing ourself for adult life this is called
ourself for adult life this is called
ourself for adult life this is called education which occurs generally in
education which occurs generally in
education which occurs generally in families but also mostly in a social
families but also mostly in a social
families but also mostly in a social context and we also create a specialized
context and we also create a specialized
context and we also create a specialized organization for that which are called
organization for that which are called
organization for that which are called school another important consideration
school another important consideration
school another important consideration we can take from here that we are a
we can take from here that we are a
we can take from here that we are a species that is capable of sharing the
species that is capable of sharing the
species that is capable of sharing the responsibility of the safety of our
responsibility of the safety of our
responsibility of the safety of our children within the social context and
children within the social context and
children within the social context and hold these aspects are extremely
hold these aspects are extremely
hold these aspects are extremely important and this should improve the
important and this should improve the
important and this should improve the quality of our life
quality of our life
quality of our life so the next question is is this what
so the next question is is this what
so the next question is is this what really happening unfortunately things
really happening unfortunately things
really happening unfortunately things don’t go always in this direction for
don’t go always in this direction for
don’t go always in this direction for example psychological suffering
example psychological suffering
example psychological suffering represents a tremendous burden for our
represents a tremendous burden for our
represents a tremendous burden for our society it has been estimated that 350
society it has been estimated that 350
society it has been estimated that 350 million individuals suffer from
million individuals suffer from
million individuals suffer from depression around the world and
depression around the world and
depression around the world and depression is some case may lead to
depression is some case may lead to
depression is some case may lead to suicide has been estimated at 800,000
suicide has been estimated at 800,000
suicide has been estimated at 800,000 individuals every year commit suicide an
individuals every year commit suicide an
individuals every year commit suicide an average of one individual every 40
average of one individual every 40
average of one individual every 40 seconds in psychological suffering is
seconds in psychological suffering is
seconds in psychological suffering is caused not only by depression but also
caused not only by depression but also
caused not only by depression but also for example by personality disorders 10%
for example by personality disorders 10%
for example by personality disorders 10% of u.s. population suffers personality
of u.s. population suffers personality
of u.s. population suffers personality disorders and those are disorders we
disorders and those are disorders we
disorders and those are disorders we affect which affect not only the
affect which affect not only the
affect which affect not only the individual but also families the partner
individual but also families the partner
individual but also families the partner the social context aim of the working
the social context aim of the working
the social context aim of the working environment so if you wish is a sort of
environment so if you wish is a sort of
environment so if you wish is a sort of epidemic effort across the society in a
epidemic effort across the society in a
epidemic effort across the society in a recent study has been estimated that 20%
recent study has been estimated that 20%
recent study has been estimated that 20% of individuals who ever high-risk
of individuals who ever high-risk
of individuals who ever high-risk infancy can account as adult for 80% of
infancy can account as adult for 80% of
infancy can account as adult for 80% of the economic burden for our society in
the economic burden for our society in
the economic burden for our society in conclusion what I told you today has a
conclusion what I told you today has a
conclusion what I told you today has a biological factor to the link between
biological factor to the link between
biological factor to the link between our physiology and behavior early in
our physiology and behavior early in
our physiology and behavior early in life and our adult life the idea I want
life and our adult life the idea I want
life and our adult life the idea I want to pass to you is that we are suited to
to pass to you is that we are suited to
to pass to you is that we are suited to get the best hour our life we can
get the best hour our life we can
get the best hour our life we can develop a proper physiology and behavior
develop a proper physiology and behavior
develop a proper physiology and behavior that maximize our interest across life
that maximize our interest across life
that maximize our interest across life but what I also told you that in the
but what I also told you that in the
but what I also told you that in the equation between an early life and adult
equation between an early life and adult
equation between an early life and adult life there is a new entry
life there is a new entry
life there is a new entry but we should take seriously in
but we should take seriously in
but we should take seriously in consideration and this is sleep and
consideration and this is sleep and
consideration and this is sleep and particularly talking about REM sleep
particularly talking about REM sleep
particularly talking about REM sleep what I also told you that there are
what I also told you that there are
what I also told you that there are specific genes that regulate all this
specific genes that regulate all this
specific genes that regulate all this mechanism and in particular I mention
mechanism and in particular I mention
mechanism and in particular I mention the imprinted genes the problem raised
the imprinted genes the problem raised
the imprinted genes the problem raised when we increase the risk for our
when we increase the risk for our
when we increase the risk for our individuals and high risk conditions
individuals and high risk conditions
individuals and high risk conditions usually occurs when the individual is
usually occurs when the individual is
usually occurs when the individual is vulnerable for example soon after birth
vulnerable for example soon after birth
vulnerable for example soon after birth when our physiology and our behavior are
when our physiology and our behavior are
when our physiology and our behavior are not fully developed at that stage we are
not fully developed at that stage we are
not fully developed at that stage we are particularly vulnerable so if something
particularly vulnerable so if something
particularly vulnerable so if something goes wrong at that stage the
goes wrong at that stage the
goes wrong at that stage the consequences are dramatic for the
consequences are dramatic for the
consequences are dramatic for the individual but also for the rest of
individual but also for the rest of
individual but also for the rest of society society however the good news is
society society however the good news is
society society however the good news is that will make great progress in
that will make great progress in
that will make great progress in understanding these risk factors we do
understanding these risk factors we do
understanding these risk factors we do constantly research in trying to
constantly research in trying to
constantly research in trying to understand how genetics and external
understand how genetics and external
understand how genetics and external factors influence our biology but also
factors influence our biology but also
factors influence our biology but also mental health so our ultimate goal as a
mental health so our ultimate goal as a
mental health so our ultimate goal as a scientist will be to provide a complete
scientist will be to provide a complete
scientist will be to provide a complete understanding of the genetics of our
understanding of the genetics of our
understanding of the genetics of our physiology and behavior and hopefully
physiology and behavior and hopefully
physiology and behavior and hopefully this will reduce dramatically the global
this will reduce dramatically the global
this will reduce dramatically the global psychological suffering of the
psychological suffering of the
psychological suffering of the population but also will reduce the
population but also will reduce the
population but also will reduce the burden for our economy thank
burden for our economy thank
burden for our economy thank [Applause]
”
Be First to Comment