okay let me start out with a question after all I’m a philosopher that’s what
after all I’m a philosopher that’s what
after all I’m a philosopher that’s what we do have you ever done anything wrong
we do have you ever done anything wrong
we do have you ever done anything wrong even when you knew it was wrong at the
even when you knew it was wrong at the
even when you knew it was wrong at the time I take that as a yes
why’d you do that now I sound like your
why’d you do that now I sound like your parents do you remember how you answered
parents do you remember how you answered
parents do you remember how you answered your parents I don’t know do you
your parents I don’t know do you
your parents I don’t know do you remember how mused everybody’s answer
remember how mused everybody’s answer
remember how mused everybody’s answer and how amuse they are when your
and how amuse they are when your
and how amuse they are when your children answer the same way there’s a
children answer the same way there’s a
children answer the same way there’s a philosophical question error why do we
philosophical question error why do we
philosophical question error why do we do what we do why don’t we do something
do what we do why don’t we do something
do what we do why don’t we do something else
else
else the obvious answer because it made a
the obvious answer because it made a
the obvious answer because it made a choice we don’t have to do what we do
choice we don’t have to do what we do
choice we don’t have to do what we do we can choose let me make hundreds
we can choose let me make hundreds
we can choose let me make hundreds thousands of choices every day in the
thousands of choices every day in the
thousands of choices every day in the sense of doing this rather than that but
sense of doing this rather than that but
sense of doing this rather than that but making a choice is not just a matter of
making a choice is not just a matter of
making a choice is not just a matter of doing that but is also my road being the
doing that but is also my road being the
doing that but is also my road being the one setting the direction for your life
one setting the direction for your life
one setting the direction for your life and by will do this rather than that
and by will do this rather than that
and by will do this rather than that because you think that’s the right thing
because you think that’s the right thing
because you think that’s the right thing to do our rationality enable us to
to do our rationality enable us to
to do our rationality enable us to reflect on our impulses and decide
reflect on our impulses and decide
reflect on our impulses and decide whether or not to act on those and
whether or not to act on those and
whether or not to act on those and historically the view has been that if
historically the view has been that if
historically the view has been that if you do that we will over time develop
you do that we will over time develop
you do that we will over time develop deep-rooted stable moral beliefs virtues
deep-rooted stable moral beliefs virtues
deep-rooted stable moral beliefs virtues that will guide us to life and help us
that will guide us to life and help us
that will guide us to life and help us make good decisions and withstand social
make good decisions and withstand social
make good decisions and withstand social pressure whatever other people wants you
pressure whatever other people wants you
pressure whatever other people wants you to do and internal pressure your own
to do and internal pressure your own
to do and internal pressure your own temptations that’s really what freedom
temptations that’s really what freedom
temptations that’s really what freedom is all about however say that you are a
is all about however say that you are a
is all about however say that you are a good person
good person
good person you have good virtues you have good
you have good virtues you have good
you have good virtues you have good moral beliefs you have a good character
moral beliefs you have a good character
moral beliefs you have a good character that does not though automatically
that does not though automatically
that does not though automatically produce good behavior because human
produce good behavior because human
produce good behavior because human beings we’re also able to act against
beings we’re also able to act against
beings we’re also able to act against their own principles and even to do so
their own principles and even to do so
their own principles and even to do so without having a conscience kick in and
without having a conscience kick in and
without having a conscience kick in and stop us or bad bottles afterwards and we
stop us or bad bottles afterwards and we
stop us or bad bottles afterwards and we do that by neutralizing our own roaches
do that by neutralizing our own roaches
do that by neutralizing our own roaches not rejecting them but just saying that
not rejecting them but just saying that
not rejecting them but just saying that well in general I think this is wrong
well in general I think this is wrong
well in general I think this is wrong but right now I think it’s right for
but right now I think it’s right for
but right now I think it’s right for some wild reason but in general so I
some wild reason but in general so I
some wild reason but in general so I have them but they don’t apply right now
morale neutralization usually starts
morale neutralization usually starts with the experiencing what we can call
with the experiencing what we can call
with the experiencing what we can call moral dissonance you are tempted to do
moral dissonance you are tempted to do
moral dissonance you are tempted to do something you shouldn’t do ever been
something you shouldn’t do ever been
something you shouldn’t do ever been there
we don’t like to be in the dissonance we
we don’t like to be in the dissonance we like to solve dissonance one way to
like to solve dissonance one way to
like to solve dissonance one way to solve the distance is not to do it of
solve the distance is not to do it of
solve the distance is not to do it of course but we would like to do it what
course but we would like to do it what
course but we would like to do it what now say you walk down the street and
now say you walk down the street and
now say you walk down the street and there cell in front of you there’s a $20
there cell in front of you there’s a $20
there cell in front of you there’s a $20 bill laying on the ground obviously
bill laying on the ground obviously
bill laying on the ground obviously somebody lost it but there’s no one
somebody lost it but there’s no one
somebody lost it but there’s no one around so you cannot see the rightful
around so you cannot see the rightful
around so you cannot see the rightful owner
owner
owner so we have two options now you can pick
so we have two options now you can pick
so we have two options now you can pick her up or not if you pick it up you get
her up or not if you pick it up you get
her up or not if you pick it up you get two other options you can keep it or not
two other options you can keep it or not
two other options you can keep it or not I’m not keeping it that would be trying
I’m not keeping it that would be trying
I’m not keeping it that would be trying to give it back to the rightful owner
to give it back to the rightful owner
to give it back to the rightful owner but there isn’t want to see there of
but there isn’t want to see there of
but there isn’t want to see there of course you can make the detour to the
course you can make the detour to the
course you can make the detour to the police station hand it in and say I
police station hand it in and say I
police station hand it in and say I found this and hopefully the rightful
found this and hopefully the rightful
found this and hopefully the rightful owner will come and claim it but you
owner will come and claim it but you
owner will come and claim it but you know that’s going to take time you don’t
know that’s going to take time you don’t
know that’s going to take time you don’t really have the time it’s a detour and
really have the time it’s a detour and
really have the time it’s a detour and after all you get this little gift from
after all you get this little gift from
after all you get this little gift from the universe in your hand it could be a
the universe in your hand it could be a
the universe in your hand it could be a nice lunch but you’re not a thief you
nice lunch but you’re not a thief you
nice lunch but you’re not a thief you don’t steal money you think it’s wrong
don’t steal money you think it’s wrong
don’t steal money you think it’s wrong to keep money that isn’t yours so if you
to keep money that isn’t yours so if you
to keep money that isn’t yours so if you keep it
keep it
keep it even without knowing it you start this
even without knowing it you start this
even without knowing it you start this in a dialogue we try to find a good
in a dialogue we try to find a good
in a dialogue we try to find a good reason for this before we really make up
reason for this before we really make up
reason for this before we really make up your mind and what will you say to
your mind and what will you say to
your mind and what will you say to yourself now you think you know
yourself now you think you know
yourself now you think you know everybody else would do this wouldn’t
everybody else would do this wouldn’t
everybody else would do this wouldn’t they
they
they and after all no harm is done or the
and after all no harm is done or the
and after all no harm is done or the harm is already occurred somebody lost
harm is already occurred somebody lost
harm is already occurred somebody lost it I’m sure they’re sorry about that but
it I’m sure they’re sorry about that but
it I’m sure they’re sorry about that but I’m not going to add any add any harm to
I’m not going to add any add any harm to
I’m not going to add any add any harm to the universe by keeping it so what
the universe by keeping it so what
the universe by keeping it so what you’re doing now you starting to
you’re doing now you starting to
you’re doing now you starting to neutralize your virtues I’m going to
neutralize your virtues I’m going to
neutralize your virtues I’m going to describe seven different ways in which
describe seven different ways in which
describe seven different ways in which we neutralize our virtues or moral
we neutralize our virtues or moral
we neutralize our virtues or moral beliefs one for each day of the week so
beliefs one for each day of the week so
beliefs one for each day of the week so then you can do it afterwards or maybe
then you can do it afterwards or maybe
then you can do it afterwards or maybe not number one we have used already the
not number one we have used already the
not number one we have used already the denial of responsibility everybody else
denial of responsibility everybody else
denial of responsibility everybody else would do it it could be the business
would do it it could be the business
would do it it could be the business person saying that I’m against
person saying that I’m against
person saying that I’m against corruption but if you’re going to win
corruption but if you’re going to win
corruption but if you’re going to win this bid we have to bribe someone but in
this bid we have to bribe someone but in
this bid we have to bribe someone but in general I’m against corruption it could
general I’m against corruption it could
general I’m against corruption it could be the athletes saying I’m against
be the athletes saying I’m against
be the athletes saying I’m against taking illegal drugs in order to succeed
taking illegal drugs in order to succeed
taking illegal drugs in order to succeed in order to win but I’m going to win
in order to win but I’m going to win
in order to win but I’m going to win this race I have to do it because
this race I have to do it because
this race I have to do it because everybody else is doing it so that’s
everybody else is doing it so that’s
everybody else is doing it so that’s just how it is I don’t like it but you
just how it is I don’t like it but you
just how it is I don’t like it but you know that’s how it is denial the
know that’s how it is denial the
know that’s how it is denial the responsibility number two there is a
responsibility number two there is a
responsibility number two there is a denying that you really are producing
denying that you really are producing
denying that you really are producing any harm you know you keep this money
any harm you know you keep this money
any harm you know you keep this money nobody is harmed by that or you lose
nobody is harmed by that or you lose
nobody is harmed by that or you lose your suitcase somebody stole it maybe
your suitcase somebody stole it maybe
your suitcase somebody stole it maybe you have two cameras you have one cheap
you have two cameras you have one cheap
you have two cameras you have one cheap and one very expensive the cheap one is
and one very expensive the cheap one is
and one very expensive the cheap one is in the suitcase
in the suitcase
in the suitcase and expensive is at home but what if you
and expensive is at home but what if you
and expensive is at home but what if you kind of do a little bit like this before
kind of do a little bit like this before
kind of do a little bit like this before you make your claim to the insurance
you make your claim to the insurance
you make your claim to the insurance company and put the expensive one in the
company and put the expensive one in the
company and put the expensive one in the suitcase
suitcase
suitcase you know no harm done really insurance
you know no harm done really insurance
you know no harm done really insurance companies don’t they make very much
companies don’t they make very much
companies don’t they make very much money you know really and everybody else
money you know really and everybody else
money you know really and everybody else would do it wouldn’t ya and then we have
would do it wouldn’t ya and then we have
would do it wouldn’t ya and then we have to denial the victim you heard somebody
to denial the victim you heard somebody
to denial the victim you heard somebody you’re not a person doing that really
you’re not a person doing that really
you’re not a person doing that really you’re a nice person but you did it said
you’re a nice person but you did it said
you’re a nice person but you did it said something and then you tell JIT but you
something and then you tell JIT but you
something and then you tell JIT but you know if he hadn’t said that if she
know if he hadn’t said that if she
know if he hadn’t said that if she hadn’t dressed like that she had done
hadn’t dressed like that she had done
hadn’t dressed like that she had done that you know really he asked for it she
that you know really he asked for it she
that you know really he asked for it she had it coming
had it coming
had it coming not my fault number four metaphor of the
not my fault number four metaphor of the
not my fault number four metaphor of the ledger
ledger
ledger I found this money I deserve this money
I found this money I deserve this money
I found this money I deserve this money I’ve done so much good for people lately
I’ve done so much good for people lately
I’ve done so much good for people lately so this is just what I deserve I keep it
so this is just what I deserve I keep it
so this is just what I deserve I keep it you know rewarded by the universe I’ll
you know rewarded by the universe I’ll
you know rewarded by the universe I’ll have this launch number five the claim
have this launch number five the claim
have this launch number five the claim of necessity I had no choice it’s a very
of necessity I had no choice it’s a very
of necessity I had no choice it’s a very interesting to justify a choice isn’t it
interesting to justify a choice isn’t it
interesting to justify a choice isn’t it I had no choice if we are gonna win this
I had no choice if we are gonna win this
I had no choice if we are gonna win this race I had no choice I had to take these
race I had no choice I had to take these
race I had no choice I had to take these drugs because everybody else was doing
drugs because everybody else was doing
drugs because everybody else was doing it if we were in a win this bid I had no
it if we were in a win this bid I had no
it if we were in a win this bid I had no choice because everybody else was doing
choice because everybody else was doing
choice because everybody else was doing really had no choice
really had no choice
really had no choice number six justification by comparison
number six justification by comparison
number six justification by comparison one my favorites really other people are
one my favorites really other people are
one my favorites really other people are doing things that I’ve worse
doing things that I’ve worse
doing things that I’ve worse and you know so much bad has been done
and you know so much bad has been done
and you know so much bad has been done in the world so that one is always open
in the world so that one is always open
in the world so that one is always open it is always possible to find somebody’s
it is always possible to find somebody’s
it is always possible to find somebody’s done something worse I grew up with my
done something worse I grew up with my
done something worse I grew up with my father he was a police officer he’s
father he was a police officer he’s
father he was a police officer he’s retired now when and people then tend to
retired now when and people then tend to
retired now when and people then tend to think that when I grew up I had a very
think that when I grew up I had a very
think that when I grew up I had a very strict upbringing not so really because
strict upbringing not so really because
strict upbringing not so really because he in his line of work he experienced
he in his line of work he experienced
he in his line of work he experienced and saw and met you know extreme
and saw and met you know extreme
and saw and met you know extreme violence brutality homicide really bad
violence brutality homicide really bad
violence brutality homicide really bad things so when I got back home from
things so when I got back home from
things so when I got back home from school having done my more or less
school having done my more or less
school having done my more or less innocent pranks I was just kind of
innocent pranks I was just kind of
innocent pranks I was just kind of almost reading his mind then he was
almost reading his mind then he was
almost reading his mind then he was thinking did he kill anybody it could be
thinking did he kill anybody it could be
thinking did he kill anybody it could be that bad and the seventh one
that bad and the seventh one
that bad and the seventh one postponement I see this might be wrong
postponement I see this might be wrong
postponement I see this might be wrong let’s use not to think about that right
let’s use not to think about that right
let’s use not to think about that right now
now
now I wanna reflect on that you know when I
I wanna reflect on that you know when I
I wanna reflect on that you know when I retire I’m going to spend the last 10
retire I’m going to spend the last 10
retire I’m going to spend the last 10 years of my life and then I reflect on
years of my life and then I reflect on
years of my life and then I reflect on all those things that were wrong I’ll do
all those things that were wrong I’ll do
all those things that were wrong I’ll do it then not now don’t have the time so
it then not now don’t have the time so
it then not now don’t have the time so here we have seven different ways of
here we have seven different ways of
here we have seven different ways of neutralizing your own roaches no you
neutralizing your own roaches no you
neutralizing your own roaches no you don’t reject them you keep them in a
don’t reject them you keep them in a
don’t reject them you keep them in a very nice place I have him here but they
very nice place I have him here but they
very nice place I have him here but they don’t apply right now because and they
don’t apply right now because and they
don’t apply right now because and they do this so why should we focus on this
do this so why should we focus on this
do this so why should we focus on this phenomena really ways to learn from it I
phenomena really ways to learn from it I
phenomena really ways to learn from it I think we should focus on this phenomena
think we should focus on this phenomena
think we should focus on this phenomena in order to understand the true meaning
in order to understand the true meaning
in order to understand the true meaning of human freedom freedom is not just a
of human freedom freedom is not just a
of human freedom freedom is not just a matter of acting a lot you know doing
matter of acting a lot you know doing
matter of acting a lot you know doing this right all the time
this right all the time
this right all the time and it’s not just a matter of having
and it’s not just a matter of having
and it’s not just a matter of having good virtues I’m a great character I’m a
good virtues I’m a great character I’m a
good virtues I’m a great character I’m a nice person I hope it beliefs it is
nice person I hope it beliefs it is
nice person I hope it beliefs it is trying to connect the two that’s the
trying to connect the two that’s the
trying to connect the two that’s the important thing and that’s the nature of
important thing and that’s the nature of
important thing and that’s the nature of human freedom not doing whatever you
human freedom not doing whatever you
human freedom not doing whatever you want you shouldn’t do that really really
want you shouldn’t do that really really
want you shouldn’t do that really really think about it all the things you want
think about it all the things you want
think about it all the things you want don’t do it especially at home no I do
don’t do it especially at home no I do
don’t do it especially at home no I do technical training for professionals I’m
technical training for professionals I’m
technical training for professionals I’m often asked then you know very effective
often asked then you know very effective
often asked then you know very effective people they’re very practical people and
people they’re very practical people and
people they’re very practical people and you know we’re operative and they ask me
you know we’re operative and they ask me
you know we’re operative and they ask me what is philosophy really all about and
what is philosophy really all about and
what is philosophy really all about and my definition now is trying to
my definition now is trying to
my definition now is trying to understand what you already know but you
understand what you already know but you
understand what you already know but you know it so well so we have become
know it so well so we have become
know it so well so we have become unaware of it is trying to reflect upon
unaware of it is trying to reflect upon
unaware of it is trying to reflect upon established practice and that’s
established practice and that’s
established practice and that’s important and I invite them to become
important and I invite them to become
important and I invite them to become philosophers because in their daily work
philosophers because in their daily work
philosophers because in their daily work in dealing sort of with the world and
in dealing sort of with the world and
in dealing sort of with the world and the job they’re very effective it’s fast
the job they’re very effective it’s fast
the job they’re very effective it’s fast and I said well that’s good but you must
and I said well that’s good but you must
and I said well that’s good but you must also think
also think
also think because why do you actually do what you
because why do you actually do what you
because why do you actually do what you do are you you think you’re choosing
do are you you think you’re choosing
do are you you think you’re choosing here but aren’t you really just keep you
here but aren’t you really just keep you
here but aren’t you really just keep you know giving in to social pressure do
know giving in to social pressure do
know giving in to social pressure do whatever other people want to do or
whatever other people want to do or
whatever other people want to do or aren’t you just giving in to the you
aren’t you just giving in to the you
aren’t you just giving in to the you know your own once and so forth your own
know your own once and so forth your own
know your own once and so forth your own temptations are you really making
temptations are you really making
temptations are you really making choices try to pay attention to how you
choices try to pay attention to how you
choices try to pay attention to how you justify your actions that really at the
justify your actions that really at the
justify your actions that really at the center of ethics how do you go about
center of ethics how do you go about
center of ethics how do you go about justifying your actions so I invite them
justifying your actions so I invite them
justifying your actions so I invite them to become philosophers because I think
to become philosophers because I think
to become philosophers because I think that’s important in the professional
that’s important in the professional
that’s important in the professional world for your reputation for building
world for your reputation for building
world for your reputation for building trust for the nature of your relations
trust for the nature of your relations
trust for the nature of your relations it’s important to do it I think is
it’s important to do it I think is
it’s important to do it I think is important in our private lives too to do
important in our private lives too to do
important in our private lives too to do the same thing at this building trust so
the same thing at this building trust so
the same thing at this building trust so now I invite you to become philosophers
now I invite you to become philosophers
now I invite you to become philosophers from now on look at your justifications
from now on look at your justifications
from now on look at your justifications thank you
thank you
thank you [Applause]
”
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