but why some say the moon why choose this as our goal and they may we’ll ask
this as our goal and they may we’ll ask
this as our goal and they may we’ll ask why climb the highest mountain five 35
why climb the highest mountain five 35
why climb the highest mountain five 35 years ago fly the Atlantic why does Rice
years ago fly the Atlantic why does Rice
years ago fly the Atlantic why does Rice play Texas we choose to go to the moon
play Texas we choose to go to the moon
play Texas we choose to go to the moon we choose to go to the moon in this
we choose to go to the moon in this
we choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things not
decade and do the other things not
decade and do the other things not because they are easy but because they
because they are easy but because they
because they are easy but because they are hard because that goal will serve to
are hard because that goal will serve to
are hard because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our
organize and measure the best of our
organize and measure the best of our energies and skills because that
energies and skills because that
energies and skills because that challenge is one that we’re willing to
challenge is one that we’re willing to
challenge is one that we’re willing to accept one we are unwilling to postpone
accept one we are unwilling to postpone
accept one we are unwilling to postpone and one we intend to win and the others
and one we intend to win and the others
and one we intend to win and the others too
we shall send to the moon 240,000 miles
we shall send to the moon 240,000 miles away from the control station in Houston
away from the control station in Houston
away from the control station in Houston a giant rocket more than 300 feet tall
a giant rocket more than 300 feet tall
a giant rocket more than 300 feet tall the length of this football field made
the length of this football field made
the length of this football field made of new metal alloys some of which have
of new metal alloys some of which have
of new metal alloys some of which have not yet been invented capable of
not yet been invented capable of
not yet been invented capable of standing heat and stresses several times
standing heat and stresses several times
standing heat and stresses several times more than have ever been experienced
more than have ever been experienced
more than have ever been experienced fitted together with a precision better
fitted together with a precision better
fitted together with a precision better than the finest watch carrying all the
than the finest watch carrying all the
than the finest watch carrying all the equipment needed for propulsion guidance
equipment needed for propulsion guidance
equipment needed for propulsion guidance control communications food and survival
control communications food and survival
control communications food and survival on an untried mission to an unknown
on an untried mission to an unknown
on an untried mission to an unknown celestial body and then return it safely
celestial body and then return it safely
celestial body and then return it safely to earth re-entering the atmosphere at
to earth re-entering the atmosphere at
to earth re-entering the atmosphere at speeds of over 25,000 miles per hour
speeds of over 25,000 miles per hour
speeds of over 25,000 miles per hour causing heat about half that on the
causing heat about half that on the
causing heat about half that on the temperature of the Sun almost as hot as
temperature of the Sun almost as hot as
temperature of the Sun almost as hot as it is here today and do all this and do
it is here today and do all this and do
it is here today and do all this and do all this and do it right and do it first
all this and do it right and do it first
all this and do it right and do it first before this dictators out then we must
before this dictators out then we must
before this dictators out then we must be bold
so I’m guessing a lot of you are already
so I’m guessing a lot of you are already familiar with this famous quote and
familiar with this famous quote and
familiar with this famous quote and while going to the moon because it’s
while going to the moon because it’s
while going to the moon because it’s hard is perhaps justification in itself
hard is perhaps justification in itself
hard is perhaps justification in itself I think what John F Kennedy went on to
I think what John F Kennedy went on to
I think what John F Kennedy went on to say was perhaps more important and what
say was perhaps more important and what
say was perhaps more important and what he went on to say was this so he said
he went on to say was this so he said
he went on to say was this so he said that this goal will serve to organize
that this goal will serve to organize
that this goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and
and measure the best of our energies and
and measure the best of our energies and skills
skills
skills and for me it’s this part of the speech
and for me it’s this part of the speech
and for me it’s this part of the speech which is most significant it’s this
which is most significant it’s this
which is most significant it’s this which makes our history of human
which makes our history of human
which makes our history of human endeavor and really pushing our limits
endeavor and really pushing our limits
endeavor and really pushing our limits so important it’s about channeling our
so important it’s about channeling our
so important it’s about channeling our efforts and collaborating to progress
efforts and collaborating to progress
efforts and collaborating to progress and really being the driving force
and really being the driving force
and really being the driving force behind research and technological
behind research and technological
behind research and technological innovation and JFK went on to talk of
innovation and JFK went on to talk of
innovation and JFK went on to talk of the rocket which would be made of new
the rocket which would be made of new
the rocket which would be made of new metal alloys which hadn’t yet been
metal alloys which hadn’t yet been
metal alloys which hadn’t yet been invented but these alloys were made and
invented but these alloys were made and
invented but these alloys were made and other challenges overcome and just seven
other challenges overcome and just seven
other challenges overcome and just seven years after that speech and only 40
years after that speech and only 40
years after that speech and only 40 years after we first flew across the
years after we first flew across the
years after we first flew across the Atlantic Armstrong set foot on the me
Atlantic Armstrong set foot on the me
Atlantic Armstrong set foot on the me and unfortunately JFK actually died
and unfortunately JFK actually died
and unfortunately JFK actually died before this incredible achievement
before this incredible achievement
before this incredible achievement occurred and now we’re looking at going
occurred and now we’re looking at going
occurred and now we’re looking at going further so it’s been suggested that a
further so it’s been suggested that a
further so it’s been suggested that a manned mission fill Mars could launch as
manned mission fill Mars could launch as
manned mission fill Mars could launch as early as 2022 with SpaceX nasara aiming
early as 2022 with SpaceX nasara aiming
early as 2022 with SpaceX nasara aiming for 2030 and while the European Space
for 2030 and while the European Space
for 2030 and while the European Space Agency in China are looking at sending
Agency in China are looking at sending
Agency in China are looking at sending astronauts to new parts of the moon and
astronauts to new parts of the moon and
astronauts to new parts of the moon and robotics and unmanned missions are
robotics and unmanned missions are
robotics and unmanned missions are really paving the way so we’ve already
really paving the way so we’ve already
really paving the way so we’ve already reached Mars
reached Mars
reached Mars we’ve already scratched the surface and
we’ve already scratched the surface and
we’ve already scratched the surface and sampled the atmosphere and the
sampled the atmosphere and the
sampled the atmosphere and the much-anticipated ExoMars Rover is due to
much-anticipated ExoMars Rover is due to
much-anticipated ExoMars Rover is due to launch in just 2020 and now I’m
launch in just 2020 and now I’m
launch in just 2020 and now I’m confident that before long we will
confident that before long we will
confident that before long we will develop the technology to send man
develop the technology to send man
develop the technology to send man further into space and we have to
further into space and we have to
further into space and we have to prepare our astronauts say that we’re
prepare our astronauts say that we’re
prepare our astronauts say that we’re ready for when that day arrives because
ready for when that day arrives because
ready for when that day arrives because perhaps
perhaps
perhaps the human element may pose the biggest
the human element may pose the biggest
the human element may pose the biggest challenge of all so last year these two
challenge of all so last year these two
challenge of all so last year these two astronauts spent 12 months on the
astronauts spent 12 months on the
astronauts spent 12 months on the International Space Station and this
International Space Station and this
International Space Station and this role is really an amazing opportunity to
role is really an amazing opportunity to
role is really an amazing opportunity to really research and look at the effects
really research and look at the effects
really research and look at the effects of long-duration spaceflight on the
of long-duration spaceflight on the
of long-duration spaceflight on the human body but we’re not only using the
human body but we’re not only using the
human body but we’re not only using the International Space Station we’re also
International Space Station we’re also
International Space Station we’re also using a number of terrestrial
using a number of terrestrial
using a number of terrestrial spaceflight analog platforms as well and
spaceflight analog platforms as well and
spaceflight analog platforms as well and last year I returned from having spent
last year I returned from having spent
last year I returned from having spent 14 months living at Concordia station
14 months living at Concordia station
14 months living at Concordia station where I was working for the European
where I was working for the European
where I was working for the European Space Agency and Concordia is what’s
Space Agency and Concordia is what’s
Space Agency and Concordia is what’s known as a spaceflight analog so what is
known as a spaceflight analog so what is
known as a spaceflight analog so what is a spaceflight analog I mean a
a spaceflight analog I mean a
a spaceflight analog I mean a spaceflight analog is really just any
spaceflight analog is really just any
spaceflight analog is really just any environment which in some way replicates
environment which in some way replicates
environment which in some way replicates space so we have lots of different
space so we have lots of different
space so we have lots of different analog programs so for example you might
analog programs so for example you might
analog programs so for example you might have heard of the Nemo project which is
have heard of the Nemo project which is
have heard of the Nemo project which is underwater we’ve got some in caves we’ve
underwater we’ve got some in caves we’ve
underwater we’ve got some in caves we’ve got this one which I think might be
got this one which I think might be
got this one which I think might be popular to a few of you so getting paid
popular to a few of you so getting paid
popular to a few of you so getting paid to stay in bed looking at the effects of
to stay in bed looking at the effects of
to stay in bed looking at the effects of microgravity and one crew even spent
microgravity and one crew even spent
microgravity and one crew even spent five hundred days in a mock-up spaceship
five hundred days in a mock-up spaceship
five hundred days in a mock-up spaceship simulating a mission to Mars in a
simulating a mission to Mars in a
simulating a mission to Mars in a Russian carpark and that’s known as Mars
Russian carpark and that’s known as Mars
Russian carpark and that’s known as Mars 500 and all of these different analog
500 and all of these different analog
500 and all of these different analog programs are good at telling us
programs are good at telling us
programs are good at telling us different things so whether it’s from
different things so whether it’s from
different things so whether it’s from research or to astronaut training and
research or to astronaut training and
research or to astronaut training and the thing that’s interesting about
the thing that’s interesting about
the thing that’s interesting about Concordia is the fact that the crew
Concordia is the fact that the crew
Concordia is the fact that the crew there are completely isolated for nine
there are completely isolated for nine
there are completely isolated for nine months and the reason for that is
months and the reason for that is
months and the reason for that is twofold the first one is that it’s an
twofold the first one is that it’s an
twofold the first one is that it’s an extreme environment so this is a screen
extreme environment so this is a screen
extreme environment so this is a screen shot which I took while I was
shot which I took while I was
shot which I took while I was overwintering there you might notice
overwintering there you might notice
overwintering there you might notice it’s pretty chilly say minus 80 and it
it’s pretty chilly say minus 80 and it
it’s pretty chilly say minus 80 and it didn’t really get much above minus 70
didn’t really get much above minus 70
didn’t really get much above minus 70 for the entire River winter period you
for the entire River winter period you
for the entire River winter period you might also notice that the barometric
might also notice that the barometric
might also notice that the barometric pressure is actually pretty low as well
pressure is actually pretty low as well
pressure is actually pretty low as well and that’s because it’s like living at
and that’s because it’s like living at
and that’s because it’s like living at the top of Mont Blanc at Concordia
the top of Mont Blanc at Concordia
the top of Mont Blanc at Concordia because it’s at altitude now the other
because it’s at altitude now the other
because it’s at altitude now the other reason is the long polar night so we
reason is the long polar night so we
reason is the long polar night so we actually go for a hundred and five days
actually go for a hundred and five days
actually go for a hundred and five days where we don’t see the Sun at all and if
where we don’t see the Sun at all and if
where we don’t see the Sun at all and if you look at this picture you can just
you look at this picture you can just
you look at this picture you can just make out and
make out and
make out and bottom left-hand corner there that’s
bottom left-hand corner there that’s
bottom left-hand corner there that’s actually my light and this photo was
actually my light and this photo was
actually my light and this photo was taken around lunchtime at Concordia so
taken around lunchtime at Concordia so
taken around lunchtime at Concordia so it really does look like that all
it really does look like that all
it really does look like that all throughout the day really can see the
throughout the day really can see the
throughout the day really can see the light in the Milky Way at breakfast time
light in the Milky Way at breakfast time
light in the Milky Way at breakfast time and you know it really is a strange
and you know it really is a strange
and you know it really is a strange thing to lose the Sun the Sun is that
thing to lose the Sun the Sun is that
thing to lose the Sun the Sun is that thing you know it’s a familiar feature
thing you know it’s a familiar feature
thing you know it’s a familiar feature that we see in the sky wherever we go in
that we see in the sky wherever we go in
that we see in the sky wherever we go in the world it really feels like it
the world it really feels like it
the world it really feels like it reconnects you with life back home and
reconnects you with life back home and
reconnects you with life back home and to lose that it really did feel like
to lose that it really did feel like
to lose that it really did feel like we’re on a different planet you know and
we’re on a different planet you know and
we’re on a different planet you know and maybe that’s why Concordia’s often
maybe that’s why Concordia’s often
maybe that’s why Concordia’s often referred to as white mass and so it’s
referred to as white mass and so it’s
referred to as white mass and so it’s these two things together the long polar
these two things together the long polar
these two things together the long polar night and the extreme environment which
night and the extreme environment which
night and the extreme environment which means that Concordia is inaccessible for
means that Concordia is inaccessible for
means that Concordia is inaccessible for nine months and this is even in case of
nine months and this is even in case of
nine months and this is even in case of emergency so let’s take the
emergency so let’s take the
emergency so let’s take the International Space Station if an
International Space Station if an
International Space Station if an astronauts to have a medical problem
astronauts to have a medical problem
astronauts to have a medical problem typically we can evacuate them within
typically we can evacuate them within
typically we can evacuate them within half a day but as we’re looking at going
half a day but as we’re looking at going
half a day but as we’re looking at going further into space this is no longer
further into space this is no longer
further into space this is no longer going to be possible which is why the
going to be possible which is why the
going to be possible which is why the medical models and the psychological
medical models and the psychological
medical models and the psychological pressure of living at a base like
pressure of living at a base like
pressure of living at a base like Concordia is so interesting and that’s
Concordia is so interesting and that’s
Concordia is so interesting and that’s what we’re really doing at base like
what we’re really doing at base like
what we’re really doing at base like Concordia and after having spent nine
Concordia and after having spent nine
Concordia and after having spent nine months in total isolation I think that I
months in total isolation I think that I
months in total isolation I think that I would have actually found it much harder
would have actually found it much harder
would have actually found it much harder to beam on a different analog program so
to beam on a different analog program so
to beam on a different analog program so for example Mars 500 where there was an
for example Mars 500 where there was an
for example Mars 500 where there was an artificial isolation so essentially a
artificial isolation so essentially a
artificial isolation so essentially a door that you could walk out of because
door that you could walk out of because
door that you could walk out of because I probably would have spent 499 of the
I probably would have spent 499 of the
I probably would have spent 499 of the 500 days wondering whether or not I
500 days wondering whether or not I
500 days wondering whether or not I should walk out of that door and you
should walk out of that door and you
should walk out of that door and you know whether it’s harder or easier I
know whether it’s harder or easier I
know whether it’s harder or easier I guess in many ways is irrelevant because
guess in many ways is irrelevant because
guess in many ways is irrelevant because the important point is that it puts a
the important point is that it puts a
the important point is that it puts a different psychological pressure on the
different psychological pressure on the
different psychological pressure on the crew and that’s what’s interesting about
crew and that’s what’s interesting about
crew and that’s what’s interesting about Concordia and that’s what makes it such
Concordia and that’s what makes it such
Concordia and that’s what makes it such a good model model for long-duration
a good model model for long-duration
a good model model for long-duration spaceflight and missions of the future
spaceflight and missions of the future
spaceflight and missions of the future because walking out is not an option now
because walking out is not an option now
because walking out is not an option now there’s a number of other things that
there’s a number of other things that
there’s a number of other things that you also make Concordia a good
you also make Concordia a good
you also make Concordia a good representation of space so this is my
representation of space so this is my
representation of space so this is my overwinter crew and it’s an
overwinter crew and it’s an
overwinter crew and it’s an international crew so you have lots of
international crew so you have lots of
international crew so you have lots of different languages and different
different languages and different
different languages and different cultural differences as well and we’re
cultural differences as well and we’re
cultural differences as well and we’re also a skeleton
also a skeleton
also a skeleton which means that we all have to take on
which means that we all have to take on
which means that we all have to take on roles above and beyond what we’re
roles above and beyond what we’re
roles above and beyond what we’re actually down there to do so an example
actually down there to do so an example
actually down there to do so an example of that is the fact that the plumber and
of that is the fact that the plumber and
of that is the fact that the plumber and the electrician shown in this picture
the electrician shown in this picture
the electrician shown in this picture also learn how to scrub into theater and
also learn how to scrub into theater and
also learn how to scrub into theater and they were also part of the medical
they were also part of the medical
they were also part of the medical rescue team and also before we go we
rescue team and also before we go we
rescue team and also before we go we also have what’s called human behavior
also have what’s called human behavior
also have what’s called human behavior performance training and we have this at
performance training and we have this at
performance training and we have this at the European astronaut Center and it’s
the European astronaut Center and it’s
the European astronaut Center and it’s the same training that astronauts have
the same training that astronauts have
the same training that astronauts have before they go to space so it’s all
before they go to space so it’s all
before they go to space so it’s all about how to live and work effectively
about how to live and work effectively
about how to live and work effectively together as part of a part of a team and
together as part of a part of a team and
together as part of a part of a team and because of the really cold temperatures
because of the really cold temperatures
because of the really cold temperatures outside we’re also very confined to the
outside we’re also very confined to the
outside we’re also very confined to the base and it’s pretty monotonous and with
base and it’s pretty monotonous and with
base and it’s pretty monotonous and with that we have what’s called forced human
that we have what’s called forced human
that we have what’s called forced human interaction as well
interaction as well
interaction as well and the landscape out there doesn’t
and the landscape out there doesn’t
and the landscape out there doesn’t really change this is what it looks like
really change this is what it looks like
really change this is what it looks like outside so if you’re into skiing and
outside so if you’re into skiing and
outside so if you’re into skiing and you’re into mountaineering which I am
you’re into mountaineering which I am
you’re into mountaineering which I am it’s not really the place to go so you
it’s not really the place to go so you
it’s not really the place to go so you get with that comes what we could sort
get with that comes what we could sort
get with that comes what we could sort of sensory deprivation so I didn’t see
of sensory deprivation so I didn’t see
of sensory deprivation so I didn’t see an old person I didn’t see a young
an old person I didn’t see a young
an old person I didn’t see a young person I didn’t see open stretches of
person I didn’t see open stretches of
person I didn’t see open stretches of water or vegetation for those entire
water or vegetation for those entire
water or vegetation for those entire nine months and we also have water
nine months and we also have water
nine months and we also have water recycling technology down there
recycling technology down there
recycling technology down there and Concordia was actually one of the
and Concordia was actually one of the
and Concordia was actually one of the places where we helped to develop the
places where we helped to develop the
places where we helped to develop the technology which is now currently used
technology which is now currently used
technology which is now currently used up on the international space station so
up on the international space station so
up on the international space station so this is one of the prototypes for the
this is one of the prototypes for the
this is one of the prototypes for the one that we’re using in space the only
one that we’re using in space the only
one that we’re using in space the only notable difference is that we don’t
notable difference is that we don’t
notable difference is that we don’t actually extract urine from the the
actually extract urine from the the
actually extract urine from the the water down at Concordia so you know my
water down at Concordia so you know my
water down at Concordia so you know my top tip for anyone living down there
top tip for anyone living down there
top tip for anyone living down there would certainly be don’t pee in the
would certainly be don’t pee in the
would certainly be don’t pee in the shower and we also have really
shower and we also have really
shower and we also have really sophisticated telemedicine so this is a
sophisticated telemedicine so this is a
sophisticated telemedicine so this is a practice linked to a hospital in Rome
practice linked to a hospital in Rome
practice linked to a hospital in Rome and on Concordia there’s two medical
and on Concordia there’s two medical
and on Concordia there’s two medical doctors so myself the ISA doctor and
doctors so myself the ISA doctor and
doctors so myself the ISA doctor and also another clinical doctor and between
also another clinical doctor and between
also another clinical doctor and between us and with the help of the specialists
us and with the help of the specialists
us and with the help of the specialists remotely we’re able to perform a number
remotely we’re able to perform a number
remotely we’re able to perform a number of different surgeries and this really
of different surgeries and this really
of different surgeries and this really is the kind of model that we’re looking
is the kind of model that we’re looking
is the kind of model that we’re looking at for longer duration spaceflight
at for longer duration spaceflight
at for longer duration spaceflight missions in the future and all of these
missions in the future and all of these
missions in the future and all of these things together make Concordia a really
things together make Concordia a really
things together make Concordia a really interesting analog platform in a place
interesting analog platform in a place
interesting analog platform in a place that we can perform research and we were
that we can perform research and we were
that we can perform research and we were doing a number of different projects
doing a number of different projects
doing a number of different projects se7 protocols in total and they were
se7 protocols in total and they were
se7 protocols in total and they were looking at the psychology and physiology
looking at the psychology and physiology
looking at the psychology and physiology of the crew overwintering there now
of the crew overwintering there now
of the crew overwintering there now unfortunately I don’t have time to go
unfortunately I don’t have time to go
unfortunately I don’t have time to go through into great detail about all of
through into great detail about all of
through into great detail about all of them but I just want to give you a bit
them but I just want to give you a bit
them but I just want to give you a bit of a flavor and a bit of an overview of
of a flavor and a bit of an overview of
of a flavor and a bit of an overview of some of the science that we’re doing
some of the science that we’re doing
some of the science that we’re doing down there
down there
down there so this is one of the first experiments
so this is one of the first experiments
so this is one of the first experiments so we’re all wearing activity watches
so we’re all wearing activity watches
so we’re all wearing activity watches and these essentially are just a little
and these essentially are just a little
and these essentially are just a little bit like a Fitbit so they tell us about
bit like a Fitbit so they tell us about
bit like a Fitbit so they tell us about our activity levels and also our
our activity levels and also our
our activity levels and also our sleep/wake cycle but more interestingly
sleep/wake cycle but more interestingly
sleep/wake cycle but more interestingly than that these also locate us on the
than that these also locate us on the
than that these also locate us on the base and they’re also able to interact
base and they’re also able to interact
base and they’re also able to interact with each other
with each other
with each other so we’re able to determine how long
so we’re able to determine how long
so we’re able to determine how long crewmembers are spending together and
crewmembers are spending together and
crewmembers are spending together and where they’re spending that time on the
where they’re spending that time on the
where they’re spending that time on the base and from this we’re able to look
base and from this we’re able to look
base and from this we’re able to look and see how crew dynamics are changing
and see how crew dynamics are changing
and see how crew dynamics are changing over time and we’re also able to see how
over time and we’re also able to see how
over time and we’re also able to see how personal preferences are changing so is
personal preferences are changing so is
personal preferences are changing so is somebody seeking out social interaction
somebody seeking out social interaction
somebody seeking out social interaction in kind of the spending long periods of
in kind of the spending long periods of
in kind of the spending long periods of time in the sitting room or or social
time in the sitting room or or social
time in the sitting room or or social spaces or are they starting to isolate
spaces or are they starting to isolate
spaces or are they starting to isolate themselves and spending long periods of
themselves and spending long periods of
themselves and spending long periods of time in their bedroom and on their own
time in their bedroom and on their own
time in their bedroom and on their own I’m really looking at how these habits
I’m really looking at how these habits
I’m really looking at how these habits are changing over time and working at
are changing over time and working at
are changing over time and working at critical time points in the mission
critical time points in the mission
critical time points in the mission where this might be more or less likely
where this might be more or less likely
where this might be more or less likely to occur and also where conflicts might
to occur and also where conflicts might
to occur and also where conflicts might be happening within the group as part of
be happening within the group as part of
be happening within the group as part of the same experiment we’re doing
the same experiment we’re doing
the same experiment we’re doing functional MRI scanning and we did this
functional MRI scanning and we did this
functional MRI scanning and we did this before the mission immediately after and
before the mission immediately after and
before the mission immediately after and again six months after the mission and
again six months after the mission and
again six months after the mission and we’re also doing a ten-part cognition
we’re also doing a ten-part cognition
we’re also doing a ten-part cognition test and so this test was looking at
test and so this test was looking at
test and so this test was looking at lots of different areas
lots of different areas
lots of different areas say for example reaction times resyncing
say for example reaction times resyncing
say for example reaction times resyncing behavior memory testing and the idea is
behavior memory testing and the idea is
behavior memory testing and the idea is that astronauts do this on a regular
that astronauts do this on a regular
that astronauts do this on a regular basis testing themselves against
basis testing themselves against
basis testing themselves against themselves and any dip in performance is
themselves and any dip in performance is
themselves and any dip in performance is really just the red flag for Mission
really just the red flag for Mission
really just the red flag for Mission Control to be like why they tipping are
Control to be like why they tipping are
Control to be like why they tipping are they getting enough sleep are they
they getting enough sleep are they
they getting enough sleep are they having any emotional problems but what
having any emotional problems but what
having any emotional problems but what do I like about this experiment is while
do I like about this experiment is while
do I like about this experiment is while we were doing it down in Concordia and
we were doing it down in Concordia and
we were doing it down in Concordia and this is my friend GP one of the other
this is my friend GP one of the other
this is my friend GP one of the other crew members astronauts were also doing
crew members astronauts were also doing
crew members astronauts were also doing the same experiment
the same experiment
the same experiment in space and this really just shows and
in space and this really just shows and
in space and this really just shows and demonstrates how platforms like
demonstrates how platforms like
demonstrates how platforms like Concordia are also really useful for
Concordia are also really useful for
Concordia are also really useful for increasing subject numbers which lies us
increasing subject numbers which lies us
increasing subject numbers which lies us to develop tools and technology a lot
to develop tools and technology a lot
to develop tools and technology a lot more quickly than if we relied on
more quickly than if we relied on
more quickly than if we relied on astronauts alone an outside at Concordia
astronauts alone an outside at Concordia
astronauts alone an outside at Concordia we were also looking for extreme
we were also looking for extreme
we were also looking for extreme bacteria so extremophiles which are able
bacteria so extremophiles which are able
bacteria so extremophiles which are able to survive outside because you know no
to survive outside because you know no
to survive outside because you know no animals and no bacteria as of yet have
animals and no bacteria as of yet have
animals and no bacteria as of yet have been found to be able to survive in the
been found to be able to survive in the
been found to be able to survive in the kind of temperatures and environment
kind of temperatures and environment
kind of temperatures and environment that we experience at Concordia and each
that we experience at Concordia and each
that we experience at Concordia and each year the flavor of the experiments
year the flavor of the experiments
year the flavor of the experiments changes so this is the Soyuz space
changes so this is the Soyuz space
changes so this is the Soyuz space flight simulator and this is a new
flight simulator and this is a new
flight simulator and this is a new experiment which has come into Concordia
experiment which has come into Concordia
experiment which has come into Concordia and it’s looking at opting optimising
and it’s looking at opting optimising
and it’s looking at opting optimising training schedules over time because you
training schedules over time because you
training schedules over time because you know it really would be a shame if after
know it really would be a shame if after
know it really would be a shame if after all that time in space when we do arrive
all that time in space when we do arrive
all that time in space when we do arrive at Mars if we’ve forgotten how to land
at Mars if we’ve forgotten how to land
at Mars if we’ve forgotten how to land the spaceship so together as hope that
the spaceship so together as hope that
the spaceship so together as hope that all of this information in all of this
all of this information in all of this
all of this information in all of this research will help inform us about some
research will help inform us about some
research will help inform us about some of the challenges that the astronauts of
of the challenges that the astronauts of
of the challenges that the astronauts of the future may face so while a timescale
the future may face so while a timescale
the future may face so while a timescale may still be unclear I believe that
may still be unclear I believe that
may still be unclear I believe that within my lifetime we will return to the
within my lifetime we will return to the
within my lifetime we will return to the moon and we will see humans walking on
moon and we will see humans walking on
moon and we will see humans walking on Mars
Mars
Mars JFK didn’t question whether science
JFK didn’t question whether science
JFK didn’t question whether science would provide the answers for us going
would provide the answers for us going
would provide the answers for us going to the moon in that vision you know that
to the moon in that vision you know that
to the moon in that vision you know that belief in something larger than
belief in something larger than
belief in something larger than ourselves can help us overcome almost
ourselves can help us overcome almost
ourselves can help us overcome almost all obstacles you know it really can’t
all obstacles you know it really can’t
all obstacles you know it really can’t drive us to do some extraordinary things
drive us to do some extraordinary things
drive us to do some extraordinary things and it was my belief in deep space
and it was my belief in deep space
and it was my belief in deep space missions at the future which was
missions at the future which was
missions at the future which was definitely one of the factors which
definitely one of the factors which
definitely one of the factors which helped maintain my motivation to live in
helped maintain my motivation to live in
helped maintain my motivation to live in one of the most extreme natural habitats
one of the most extreme natural habitats
one of the most extreme natural habitats on this earth and it was that same
on this earth and it was that same
on this earth and it was that same motivation that John Young understood
motivation that John Young understood
motivation that John Young understood when he went on the first shuttle
when he went on the first shuttle
when he went on the first shuttle mission in 1981 and you know this
mission in 1981 and you know this
mission in 1981 and you know this remains one of my favorite quotes I love
remains one of my favorite quotes I love
remains one of my favorite quotes I love this one so undoubtedly we will reach
this one so undoubtedly we will reach
this one so undoubtedly we will reach and likely one day inhabit
and likely one day inhabit
and likely one day inhabit new planets I think it’s important that
new planets I think it’s important that
new planets I think it’s important that we don’t see this capability as a sort
we don’t see this capability as a sort
we don’t see this capability as a sort of get-out-of-jail-free card or an
of get-out-of-jail-free card or an
of get-out-of-jail-free card or an excuse not to look after our own planet
excuse not to look after our own planet
excuse not to look after our own planet Mother Earth Elon Musk recently
Mother Earth Elon Musk recently
Mother Earth Elon Musk recently described Mars as a fixer-upper of a
described Mars as a fixer-upper of a
described Mars as a fixer-upper of a planet and I’m inclined to agree now I
planet and I’m inclined to agree now I
planet and I’m inclined to agree now I like renovating but having spent 14
like renovating but having spent 14
like renovating but having spent 14 months and living on one of the closest
months and living on one of the closest
months and living on one of the closest environments on earth to Mars with the
environments on earth to Mars with the
environments on earth to Mars with the added bonus of oxygen and a little bit
added bonus of oxygen and a little bit
added bonus of oxygen and a little bit more gravity you know I really did feel
more gravity you know I really did feel
more gravity you know I really did feel like I was pushing my own limits at 14
like I was pushing my own limits at 14
like I was pushing my own limits at 14 months and so if I was to consider a
months and so if I was to consider a
months and so if I was to consider a one-way ticket anywhere I think it would
one-way ticket anywhere I think it would
one-way ticket anywhere I think it would have to be much more like this than like
have to be much more like this than like
have to be much more like this than like this even if Matt Damon was there so I
this even if Matt Damon was there so I
this even if Matt Damon was there so I agree with Waka whisk from NASA’s Kepler
agree with Waka whisk from NASA’s Kepler
agree with Waka whisk from NASA’s Kepler mission when she described moving to
mission when she described moving to
mission when she described moving to Mars like saying that the real party is
Mars like saying that the real party is
Mars like saying that the real party is on the life phase when the Titanic is
on the life phase when the Titanic is
on the life phase when the Titanic is sinking and for me a journey deeper into
sinking and for me a journey deeper into
sinking and for me a journey deeper into space is about getting there and about
space is about getting there and about
space is about getting there and about coming home as JFK said of returning
coming home as JFK said of returning
coming home as JFK said of returning safely to earth but it’s not just about
safely to earth but it’s not just about
safely to earth but it’s not just about bringing the crew home but also what we
bringing the crew home but also what we
bringing the crew home but also what we learn along the journey as well and we
learn along the journey as well and we
learn along the journey as well and we only have to look as far as Concordia to
only have to look as far as Concordia to
only have to look as far as Concordia to really see how that’s possible
really see how that’s possible
really see how that’s possible so what are the experiments that I was
so what are the experiments that I was
so what are the experiments that I was doing with focusing out towards space
doing with focusing out towards space
doing with focusing out towards space they all had medical applications which
they all had medical applications which
they all had medical applications which are relevant to life back on earth and
are relevant to life back on earth and
are relevant to life back on earth and one experiment which I think
one experiment which I think
one experiment which I think demonstrates as well is one that was
demonstrates as well is one that was
demonstrates as well is one that was looking at the effects of artificial
looking at the effects of artificial
looking at the effects of artificial lighting on our eyesight after a long
lighting on our eyesight after a long
lighting on our eyesight after a long period of time so well of course this
period of time so well of course this
period of time so well of course this data is useful to astronauts and the
data is useful to astronauts and the
data is useful to astronauts and the fairly small group of Antarctica even
fairly small group of Antarctica even
fairly small group of Antarctica even winters it’s also relevant to a large
winters it’s also relevant to a large
winters it’s also relevant to a large population who are using artificial
population who are using artificial
population who are using artificial lighting for long periods of time so for
lighting for long periods of time so for
lighting for long periods of time so for example factory workers last week at the
example factory workers last week at the
example factory workers last week at the European astronaut Center I walked on
European astronaut Center I walked on
European astronaut Center I walked on the moon using virtual reality and in
the moon using virtual reality and in
the moon using virtual reality and in that same week I tried virtual reality
that same week I tried virtual reality
that same week I tried virtual reality for surgical training and it really just
for surgical training and it really just
for surgical training and it really just demonstrates how much
demonstrates how much
demonstrates how much are some of the techniques we’re using
are some of the techniques we’re using
are some of the techniques we’re using for Space Flight researcher now helping
for Space Flight researcher now helping
for Space Flight researcher now helping us also in our day-to-day lives and the
us also in our day-to-day lives and the
us also in our day-to-day lives and the applications go much wider than
applications go much wider than
applications go much wider than healthcare but because this is my area
healthcare but because this is my area
healthcare but because this is my area of expertise that’s what I’ve chosen to
of expertise that’s what I’ve chosen to
of expertise that’s what I’ve chosen to focus on just to give you a few more
focus on just to give you a few more
focus on just to give you a few more examples so let’s take Disaster Response
examples so let’s take Disaster Response
examples so let’s take Disaster Response so this is imagery from the Copernicus
so this is imagery from the Copernicus
so this is imagery from the Copernicus Earth observation satellite and here we
Earth observation satellite and here we
Earth observation satellite and here we can see the extent of some flooding
can see the extent of some flooding
can see the extent of some flooding during a natural disaster and space
during a natural disaster and space
during a natural disaster and space technology really has improved how we’re
technology really has improved how we’re
technology really has improved how we’re able to respond to disasters like these
able to respond to disasters like these
able to respond to disasters like these so with improved geospatial mapping and
so with improved geospatial mapping and
so with improved geospatial mapping and satellite imagery and improved
satellite imagery and improved
satellite imagery and improved communications on the ground and also
communications on the ground and also
communications on the ground and also remote medicines been affected so we’ve
remote medicines been affected so we’ve
remote medicines been affected so we’ve got improved telemedicine and we’ve got
got improved telemedicine and we’ve got
got improved telemedicine and we’ve got online medical sort of educational
online medical sort of educational
online medical sort of educational programs as well which is helping to
programs as well which is helping to
programs as well which is helping to improve access to medical care in remote
improve access to medical care in remote
improve access to medical care in remote and developing communities and robotics
and developing communities and robotics
and developing communities and robotics is changing the face of surgery today
is changing the face of surgery today
is changing the face of surgery today and changing our capabilities and it’s
and changing our capabilities and it’s
and changing our capabilities and it’s also changing the way that we make our
also changing the way that we make our
also changing the way that we make our medicines so we’re actually able to grow
medicines so we’re actually able to grow
medicines so we’re actually able to grow much better crystals using microgravity
much better crystals using microgravity
much better crystals using microgravity so up in space then we are able to on
so up in space then we are able to on
so up in space then we are able to on earth and research in space is teaching
earth and research in space is teaching
earth and research in space is teaching us new things about the human body every
us new things about the human body every
us new things about the human body every day so let’s not only go to space
day so let’s not only go to space
day so let’s not only go to space because it’s hard or because it’s there
because it’s hard or because it’s there
because it’s hard or because it’s there but let’s go because of what we can
but let’s go because of what we can
but let’s go because of what we can learn from the journey and because of
learn from the journey and because of
learn from the journey and because of what we can bring home let’s use the
what we can bring home let’s use the
what we can bring home let’s use the goal of traveling deeper into space to
goal of traveling deeper into space to
goal of traveling deeper into space to organize and challenge the best of our
organize and challenge the best of our
organize and challenge the best of our energies and skills once more let’s
energies and skills once more let’s
energies and skills once more let’s collaborate let’s inspire let’s research
collaborate let’s inspire let’s research
collaborate let’s inspire let’s research and develop new technology and use what
and develop new technology and use what
and develop new technology and use what we learn on earth today so Mars isn’t
we learn on earth today so Mars isn’t
we learn on earth today so Mars isn’t required as a lifeboat but rather is the
required as a lifeboat but rather is the
required as a lifeboat but rather is the Antarctic Program of the future a
Antarctic Program of the future a
Antarctic Program of the future a research platform a stepping-stone for
research platform a stepping-stone for
research platform a stepping-stone for further challenges and further
further challenges and further
further challenges and further advancement of humankind
advancement of humankind
advancement of humankind you
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