When do we want our machines to be more human | Jeremy Goslin | TEDxPlymouthUniversity

what do we think about normally when we

what do we think about normally when we think about human like machines well

think about human like machines well

think about human like machines well probably this to what do we imagine when

probably this to what do we imagine when

probably this to what do we imagine when we see this word well well my favorite

we see this word well well my favorite

we see this word well well my favorite all-star something very interesting to

all-star something very interesting to

all-star something very interesting to say about a definition of robots so

say about a definition of robots so

say about a definition of robots so Douglas Adams in his book The

Douglas Adams in his book The

Douglas Adams in his book The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the galaxy had an

Hitchhiker’s Guide to the galaxy had an

Hitchhiker’s Guide to the galaxy had an interesting definition of a robot he

interesting definition of a robot he

interesting definition of a robot he wrote that the Encyclopedia Galactica to

wrote that the Encyclopedia Galactica to

wrote that the Encyclopedia Galactica to find a robot as a mechanical apparatus

find a robot as a mechanical apparatus

find a robot as a mechanical apparatus designed to do the work of a man he also

designed to do the work of a man he also

designed to do the work of a man he also offered us another definition he wrote

offered us another definition he wrote

offered us another definition he wrote that the marketing division of the

that the marketing division of the

that the marketing division of the Sirius cybernetics corporation to find a

Sirius cybernetics corporation to find a

Sirius cybernetics corporation to find a robot as your plastic pal who’s fun to

robot as your plastic pal who’s fun to

robot as your plastic pal who’s fun to be with so these two alternative

be with so these two alternative

be with so these two alternative definitions really show us that there

definitions really show us that there

definitions really show us that there are a fundamental dichotomy in our

are a fundamental dichotomy in our

are a fundamental dichotomy in our perception of robots on one hand we’ve

perception of robots on one hand we’ve

perception of robots on one hand we’ve got the robot of the future the

got the robot of the future the

got the robot of the future the purported robots of fiction here they

purported robots of fiction here they

purported robots of fiction here they look and they act very much like us the

look and they act very much like us the

look and they act very much like us the really stereotyped has a basically a

really stereotyped has a basically a

really stereotyped has a basically a slightly naive metallic servant on the

slightly naive metallic servant on the

slightly naive metallic servant on the other hand we’ve got the robot of

other hand we’ve got the robot of

other hand we’ve got the robot of reality now their form is largely

reality now their form is largely

reality now their form is largely dictated by their function and you

dictated by their function and you

dictated by their function and you really don’t resemble us very much at

really don’t resemble us very much at

really don’t resemble us very much at all now earning personal perception of

all now earning personal perception of

all now earning personal perception of robots is probably more limited so

robots is probably more limited so

robots is probably more limited so perhaps we have a robot that can vacuum

perhaps we have a robot that can vacuum

perhaps we have a robot that can vacuum or flaws or maybe we will ask a lexer to

or flaws or maybe we will ask a lexer to

or flaws or maybe we will ask a lexer to change our music to switch a light on

change our music to switch a light on

change our music to switch a light on maybe even orders pizza soon we have

maybe even orders pizza soon we have

maybe even orders pizza soon we have robots that will drive our cars and

robots that will drive our cars and

robots that will drive our cars and maybe one day the dream of personal

maybe one day the dream of personal

maybe one day the dream of personal robotics in the house although this is

robotics in the house although this is

robotics in the house although this is just been round the corner over the last

just been round the corner over the last

just been round the corner over the last 40 years now so who knows what the

40 years now so who knows what the

40 years now so who knows what the future of robotics holds I don’t know

future of robotics holds I don’t know

future of robotics holds I don’t know I’m not a roboticist I’m not here to

I’m not a roboticist I’m not here to

I’m not a roboticist I’m not here to talk about a new dawn of ubiquitous

talk about a new dawn of ubiquitous

talk about a new dawn of ubiquitous robotics I’m a psychologist I’m

robotics I’m a psychologist I’m

robotics I’m a psychologist I’m interested in what makes us trust these

interested in what makes us trust these

interested in what makes us trust these new machines now I’m sure most of us

new machines now I’m sure most of us

new machines now I’m sure most of us would trust a robot to sweep our floors

would trust a robot to sweep our floors

would trust a robot to sweep our floors or to change the music but how many of

or to change the music but how many of

or to change the music but how many of us would trust a robot to drive our cars

us would trust a robot to drive our cars

us would trust a robot to drive our cars and how many of us would trust a robot

and how many of us would trust a robot

and how many of us would trust a robot to look after our children or elderly

to look after our children or elderly

to look after our children or elderly relatives so that’s why I’m particularly

relatives so that’s why I’m particularly

relatives so that’s why I’m particularly interested in robot interaction because

interested in robot interaction because

interested in robot interaction because it really drives how which how we trust

it really drives how which how we trust

it really drives how which how we trust them so

them so

them so what I’m interested in looking at is how

what I’m interested in looking at is how

what I’m interested in looking at is how we do interact with robots playing games

we do interact with robots playing games

we do interact with robots playing games now games are a particularly interesting

now games are a particularly interesting

now games are a particularly interesting safe framework for looking at robot

safe framework for looking at robot

safe framework for looking at robot interaction because it’s something we’re

interaction because it’s something we’re

interaction because it’s something we’re all familiar with we all have experience

all familiar with we all have experience

all familiar with we all have experience with games even if it is limited to

with games even if it is limited to

with games even if it is limited to angry games of monopoly at Christmas

angry games of monopoly at Christmas

angry games of monopoly at Christmas with our families but games offer us an

with our families but games offer us an

with our families but games offer us an interesting way to look at how we

interesting way to look at how we

interesting way to look at how we interact with robots as partners and

interact with robots as partners and

interact with robots as partners and also as opponents playing against other

also as opponents playing against other

also as opponents playing against other humans and robots as partners or

humans and robots as partners or

humans and robots as partners or opponents for example in this picture

opponents for example in this picture

opponents for example in this picture here we can see our female participant

here we can see our female participant

here we can see our female participant is partnered with the blue robot and

is partnered with the blue robot and

is partnered with the blue robot and what they have to do is come up with a

what they have to do is come up with a

what they have to do is come up with a common strategy to use in a game against

common strategy to use in a game against

common strategy to use in a game against their opponent the red robot robot in

their opponent the red robot robot in

their opponent the red robot robot in the corner now the advantage of using

the corner now the advantage of using

the corner now the advantage of using games is that our decisions and our

games is that our decisions and our

games is that our decisions and our interactions basically provide us with

interactions basically provide us with

interactions basically provide us with an implicit and continuous measure of

an implicit and continuous measure of

an implicit and continuous measure of trust as the game unfolds so it’s

trust as the game unfolds so it’s

trust as the game unfolds so it’s through small tweaks modifications in

through small tweaks modifications in

through small tweaks modifications in the rules of the game and also in the

the rules of the game and also in the

the rules of the game and also in the behavior robots that allow us to explore

behavior robots that allow us to explore

behavior robots that allow us to explore what allows us to trust these robots

what allows us to trust these robots

what allows us to trust these robots when their opponents or their weather

when their opponents or their weather

when their opponents or their weather opponents or they’re our friends so what

opponents or they’re our friends so what

opponents or they’re our friends so what I try and do is look at this experiences

I try and do is look at this experiences

I try and do is look at this experiences with robots and try and understand how

with robots and try and understand how

with robots and try and understand how humanity the perceived humanity the

humanity the perceived humanity the

humanity the perceived humanity the robots affects things because in games

robots affects things because in games

robots affects things because in games for used to playing games against say

for used to playing games against say

for used to playing games against say artificial virtual opponents and also

artificial virtual opponents and also

artificial virtual opponents and also humans so you can easily look at that

humans so you can easily look at that

humans so you can easily look at that dimension now the robots you saw in

dimension now the robots you saw in

dimension now the robots you saw in there in that previous example were now

there in that previous example were now

there in that previous example were now robots they’re widely used in

robots they’re widely used in

robots they’re widely used in experimental robotics and they’re cute

experimental robotics and they’re cute

experimental robotics and they’re cute small human-like robots that really fit

small human-like robots that really fit

small human-like robots that really fit within our stereotype of what robots

within our stereotype of what robots

within our stereotype of what robots should look like in the future now these

should look like in the future now these

should look like in the future now these anthropomorphic robots on some big of

anthropomorphic robots on some big of

anthropomorphic robots on some big of our searches for human-robot interaction

our searches for human-robot interaction

our searches for human-robot interaction so instead of home to learn some new and

so instead of home to learn some new and

so instead of home to learn some new and complex way to interact with these

complex way to interact with these

complex way to interact with these machines then we’re invited to treat and

machines then we’re invited to treat and

machines then we’re invited to treat and interact with them as you would our

interact with them as you would our

interact with them as you would our fellow humans using language and social

fellow humans using language and social

fellow humans using language and social skills we require and use in everyday

skills we require and use in everyday

skills we require and use in everyday life so this was supposed to make the

life so this was supposed to make the

life so this was supposed to make the robots easier to use a more intuitive

robots easier to use a more intuitive

robots easier to use a more intuitive but they also offer another

but they also offer another

but they also offer another advantage their humanity in their

advantage their humanity in their

advantage their humanity in their familiarity are supposed to breed and

familiarity are supposed to breed and

familiarity are supposed to breed and engender more trust in them more trust

engender more trust in them more trust

engender more trust in them more trust say in this robot here than this

say in this robot here than this

say in this robot here than this alternative which disc is oz g5 robot so

alternative which disc is oz g5 robot so

alternative which disc is oz g5 robot so what we wanted to know is whether this

what we wanted to know is whether this

what we wanted to know is whether this anthropomorphic trust dividend we could

anthropomorphic trust dividend we could

anthropomorphic trust dividend we could see this effect within our games so what

see this effect within our games so what

see this effect within our games so what we did is think about what sort of game

we did is think about what sort of game

we did is think about what sort of game could be played which really reveal how

could be played which really reveal how

could be played which really reveal how much we trusted those robots so let’s

much we trusted those robots so let’s

much we trusted those robots so let’s think about this for a moment what game

think about this for a moment what game

think about this for a moment what game would you play well say one of these

would you play well say one of these

would you play well say one of these robots asked to borrow ten pounds from

robots asked to borrow ten pounds from

robots asked to borrow ten pounds from you would you would you lend on the

you would you would you lend on the

you would you would you lend on the money so you know give a gifting money

money so you know give a gifting money

money so you know give a gifting money or lending money to a stranger on a

or lending money to a stranger on a

or lending money to a stranger on a promise that could be no greater sense

promise that could be no greater sense

promise that could be no greater sense of trust than that so effectively we

of trust than that so effectively we

of trust than that so effectively we played these sorts of games with the

played these sorts of games with the

played these sorts of games with the robots in the investment game but our

robots in the investment game but our

robots in the investment game but our participants were given us some of

participants were given us some of

participants were given us some of virtual money say 10 pounds and you’re

virtual money say 10 pounds and you’re

virtual money say 10 pounds and you’re invited to vest some or all of that

invited to vest some or all of that

invited to vest some or all of that money in one of these robots now when

money in one of these robots now when

money in one of these robots now when they make the investment hopefully they

they make the investment hopefully they

they make the investment hopefully they expect the robot will return the money

expect the robot will return the money

expect the robot will return the money and potentially an extra sum of money is

and potentially an extra sum of money is

and potentially an extra sum of money is a nice profit so how much money you

a nice profit so how much money you

a nice profit so how much money you invest in these robots really shows how

invest in these robots really shows how

invest in these robots really shows how much we trust them so in a resultant

much we trust them so in a resultant

much we trust them so in a resultant experiment we found that people invested

experiment we found that people invested

experiment we found that people invested more money in the human-like robot than

more money in the human-like robot than

more money in the human-like robot than the less human like skittles robot now

the less human like skittles robot now

the less human like skittles robot now in this game both robots behaved as we’d

in this game both robots behaved as we’d

in this game both robots behaved as we’d expect from our you know from the

expect from our you know from the

expect from our you know from the fictional companion like robots that we

fictional companion like robots that we

fictional companion like robots that we ordered all know about they were

ordered all know about they were

ordered all know about they were trustworthy they all consistently gave

trustworthy they all consistently gave

trustworthy they all consistently gave us back more money than we gave them

us back more money than we gave them

us back more money than we gave them however what if we change that what if

however what if we change that what if

however what if we change that what if we experience robots aren’t quite

we experience robots aren’t quite

we experience robots aren’t quite cooperating with what we want to do what

cooperating with what we want to do what

cooperating with what we want to do what if they’re not going to do exactly what

if they’re not going to do exactly what

if they’re not going to do exactly what we tell him to do so this is what we

we tell him to do so this is what we

we tell him to do so this is what we tried to explore in this experiment on

tried to explore in this experiment on

tried to explore in this experiment on one hand we had nice robots they again

one hand we had nice robots they again

one hand we had nice robots they again gave you back more money than you

gave you back more money than you

gave you back more money than you invested on the other hand we had nasty

invested on the other hand we had nasty

invested on the other hand we had nasty robots they only occasionally gave you

robots they only occasionally gave you

robots they only occasionally gave you back more money they invested and most

back more money they invested and most

back more money they invested and most of the time they will give you back less

of the time they will give you back less

of the time they will give you back less so they were ripping you off so in a

so they were ripping you off so in a

so they were ripping you off so in a previous experiment we looked at

previous experiment we looked at

previous experiment we looked at compared robots that looked more or less

compared robots that looked more or less

compared robots that looked more or less like us this dimension of ads

like us this dimension of ads

like us this dimension of ads for morphism but this is only one

for morphism but this is only one

for morphism but this is only one dimension of this effect also we want to

dimension of this effect also we want to

dimension of this effect also we want to look at how they behaved so in this

look at how they behaved so in this

look at how they behaved so in this experiment we just use one type of robot

experiment we just use one type of robot

experiment we just use one type of robot these human-like now robots but we

these human-like now robots but we

these human-like now robots but we changed how they behaved on one hand we

changed how they behaved on one hand we

changed how they behaved on one hand we had the human light now robots now they

had the human light now robots now they

had the human light now robots now they moved and they gestured while they were

moved and they gestured while they were

moved and they gestured while they were playing the game they spoke with a nice

playing the game they spoke with a nice

playing the game they spoke with a nice warm human-like voice and they held our

warm human-like voice and they held our

warm human-like voice and they held our gaze they tracked us as we looked around

gaze they tracked us as we looked around

gaze they tracked us as we looked around in the game on the other hand we had

in the game on the other hand we had

in the game on the other hand we had this synthetic type now and they stared

this synthetic type now and they stared

this synthetic type now and they stared fixedly ahead unmoving and they spoke

fixedly ahead unmoving and they spoke

fixedly ahead unmoving and they spoke with a very synthetic grating voice so

with a very synthetic grating voice so

with a very synthetic grating voice so how did these changes to the behavior of

how did these changes to the behavior of

how did these changes to the behavior of these robots affect how we trusted them

these robots affect how we trusted them

these robots affect how we trusted them well what we found is that people

well what we found is that people

well what we found is that people invested more in the night robot than

invested more in the night robot than

invested more in the night robot than the last one there’s no surprises here

the last one there’s no surprises here

the last one there’s no surprises here if you consistently invested in the

if you consistently invested in the

if you consistently invested in the nasty robot then you can end up with a

nasty robot then you can end up with a

nasty robot then you can end up with a lot less money than you initially

lot less money than you initially

lot less money than you initially invested in what people didn’t shun the

invested in what people didn’t shun the

invested in what people didn’t shun the nasty now completely they still risk a

nasty now completely they still risk a

nasty now completely they still risk a little bit of their money each round in

little bit of their money each round in

little bit of their money each round in hope they would see some more returns

hope they would see some more returns

hope they would see some more returns what’s interesting is that they invested

what’s interesting is that they invested

what’s interesting is that they invested consistently more money when the now

consistently more money when the now

consistently more money when the now nasty now robot actually like a human

nasty now robot actually like a human

nasty now robot actually like a human than it when it acted like a synthetic

than it when it acted like a synthetic

than it when it acted like a synthetic machine on the other hand when now is

machine on the other hand when now is

machine on the other hand when now is for being nice people didn’t really seem

for being nice people didn’t really seem

for being nice people didn’t really seem to care about how the robot acted

to care about how the robot acted

to care about how the robot acted there’s no real difference between the

there’s no real difference between the

there’s no real difference between the synthetic and human right now in fact on

synthetic and human right now in fact on

synthetic and human right now in fact on some measures of trust they seem to

some measures of trust they seem to

some measures of trust they seem to prefer the synthetic robot to the human

prefer the synthetic robot to the human

prefer the synthetic robot to the human like one so what can we take from these

like one so what can we take from these

like one so what can we take from these two experiments well it seems that when

two experiments well it seems that when

two experiments well it seems that when the robots are cooperating with us when

the robots are cooperating with us when

the robots are cooperating with us when they’re doing our bidding we don’t

they’re doing our bidding we don’t

they’re doing our bidding we don’t really care whether they resemble us too

really care whether they resemble us too

really care whether they resemble us too much or whether they behave like us in

much or whether they behave like us in

much or whether they behave like us in fact all might think that we might

fact all might think that we might

fact all might think that we might prefer the robots to act more like

prefer the robots to act more like

prefer the robots to act more like machines and to display the attributes

machines and to display the attributes

machines and to display the attributes we we usually associate new machines

we we usually associate new machines

we we usually associate new machines they’re predictable their continuous

they’re predictable their continuous

they’re predictable their continuous they’re always going to do the same

they’re always going to do the same

they’re always going to do the same thing and when they’re doing something

thing and when they’re doing something

thing and when they’re doing something we want that’s what we want to continue

we want that’s what we want to continue

we want that’s what we want to continue on the other hand

when the robots are less cooperative

when the robots are less cooperative when they start to turn against us

when they start to turn against us

when they start to turn against us that’s when we looking for a human face

that’s when we looking for a human face

that’s when we looking for a human face because the humanities received humanity

because the humanities received humanity

because the humanities received humanity the robot gives us hope it gives us hope

the robot gives us hope it gives us hope

the robot gives us hope it gives us hope that they will show some empathy and

that they will show some empathy and

that they will show some empathy and through that empathy that might change

through that empathy that might change

through that empathy that might change their behavior and be more like us so

their behavior and be more like us so

their behavior and be more like us so the take-home message is this when we

the take-home message is this when we

the take-home message is this when we start to see robots with human faces

start to see robots with human faces

start to see robots with human faces around us be aware they might not always

around us be aware they might not always

around us be aware they might not always have your best intentions at heart