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What’s In The Air We Breathe | Sarath Guttikunda | TEDxAFMC


we have close to 1.3 billion population

we have close to 1.3 billion population in the country we have about 10 big

in the country we have about 10 big

in the country we have about 10 big cities which host over 100 million

cities which host over 100 million

cities which host over 100 million people and we have 50 cities with at

people and we have 50 cities with at

people and we have 50 cities with at least 1 million population in them and

least 1 million population in them and

least 1 million population in them and they cover about 30 to 35 percent of the

they cover about 30 to 35 percent of the

they cover about 30 to 35 percent of the population and they cover in a land

population and they cover in a land

population and they cover in a land cover land area of less than 5% in the

cover land area of less than 5% in the

cover land area of less than 5% in the country so you have less than 5% of the

country so you have less than 5% of the

country so you have less than 5% of the land cover hosting close to 35 to 40

land cover hosting close to 35 to 40

land cover hosting close to 35 to 40 percent of the population what we call

percent of the population what we call

percent of the population what we call an urban extent and this would spread

an urban extent and this would spread

an urban extent and this would spread across the country what we have the

across the country what we have the

across the country what we have the rural India and we have a one of the

rural India and we have a one of the

rural India and we have a one of the growing problems in the country is

growing problems in the country is

growing problems in the country is basically air pollution and this problem

basically air pollution and this problem

basically air pollution and this problem is not restricted to only to the cities

is not restricted to only to the cities

is not restricted to only to the cities but we have it across the country so

but we have it across the country so

but we have it across the country so when we come when it comes to air

when we come when it comes to air

when we come when it comes to air pollution what are the different

pollution what are the different

pollution what are the different pollutants that we usually have to worry

pollutants that we usually have to worry

pollutants that we usually have to worry about there are many many pollutants

about there are many many pollutants

about there are many many pollutants many metals minerals that we need to we

many metals minerals that we need to we

many metals minerals that we need to we have lots of notes on and these are the

have lots of notes on and these are the

have lots of notes on and these are the six very critical pollutants that we

six very critical pollutants that we

six very critical pollutants that we need to worry about the top two are

need to worry about the top two are

need to worry about the top two are particulate matter PM commonly also

particulate matter PM commonly also

particulate matter PM commonly also known as aerosols dust soot and we have

known as aerosols dust soot and we have

known as aerosols dust soot and we have many other names and they have different

many other names and they have different

many other names and they have different sizes and to size fractions that we

sizes and to size fractions that we

sizes and to size fractions that we really have to keep in mind these PM 2.5

really have to keep in mind these PM 2.5

really have to keep in mind these PM 2.5 and PM 10 PM 2.5 is particulate matter

and PM 10 PM 2.5 is particulate matter

and PM 10 PM 2.5 is particulate matter with everything less than 2.5

with everything less than 2.5

with everything less than 2.5 micrometers diameter and the other one

micrometers diameter and the other one

micrometers diameter and the other one is 10 micrometer diameter and smaller

is 10 micrometer diameter and smaller

is 10 micrometer diameter and smaller the size higher the chain density

the size higher the chain density

the size higher the chain density tendency for it to go into your lungs or

tendency for it to go into your lungs or

tendency for it to go into your lungs or even get lodged in the bloodstream and

even get lodged in the bloodstream and

even get lodged in the bloodstream and and leads to many other health impacts

and leads to many other health impacts

and leads to many other health impacts and the other four you have on the list

and the other four you have on the list

and the other four you have on the list these are gases you have very commonly

these are gases you have very commonly

these are gases you have very commonly we have it in your notes as well sulfur

we have it in your notes as well sulfur

we have it in your notes as well sulfur dioxide nitrogen oxide ozone and carbon

dioxide nitrogen oxide ozone and carbon

dioxide nitrogen oxide ozone and carbon monoxide and especially in the high

monoxide and especially in the high

monoxide and especially in the high schools we are very easily when the

schools we are very easily when the

schools we are very easily when the first pollution that we are enlightened

first pollution that we are enlightened

first pollution that we are enlightened to is carbon monoxide it gets attached

to is carbon monoxide it gets attached

to is carbon monoxide it gets attached to hemoglobin and it leads to a lot of

to hemoglobin and it leads to a lot of

to hemoglobin and it leads to a lot of health impacts

health impacts

health impacts and you have commonly seeing a lot more

and you have commonly seeing a lot more

and you have commonly seeing a lot more cases being registered on on asthma

cases being registered on on asthma

cases being registered on on asthma other respiratory related issues we are

other respiratory related issues we are

other respiratory related issues we are also seeing a greater increase in heart

also seeing a greater increase in heart

also seeing a greater increase in heart related issues that can be linked to air

related issues that can be linked to air

related issues that can be linked to air pollution and most of these cases they

pollution and most of these cases they

pollution and most of these cases they do end up in a fatal situation but you

do end up in a fatal situation but you

do end up in a fatal situation but you don’t see a death certificate which says

don’t see a death certificate which says

don’t see a death certificate which says this person died of air pollution

this person died of air pollution

this person died of air pollution because air pollution is only a trigger

because air pollution is only a trigger

because air pollution is only a trigger if you’re already vulnerable to any of

if you’re already vulnerable to any of

if you’re already vulnerable to any of these diseases it basically accelerates

these diseases it basically accelerates

these diseases it basically accelerates your body towards that fatal situation

your body towards that fatal situation

your body towards that fatal situation and that’s why we refer to it as

and that’s why we refer to it as

and that’s why we refer to it as premature death what you see at the last

premature death what you see at the last

premature death what you see at the last at the end so what it means is you’re in

at the end so what it means is you’re in

at the end so what it means is you’re in medical terms we call them as disability

medical terms we call them as disability

medical terms we call them as disability adjusted life years when you are because

adjusted life years when you are because

adjusted life years when you are because you’re getting exposed to so much

you’re getting exposed to so much

you’re getting exposed to so much pollution so much a variety of

pollution so much a variety of

pollution so much a variety of pollutants

pollutants

pollutants you are losing certain number of years

you are losing certain number of years

you are losing certain number of years for living in a particular city so in

for living in a particular city so in

for living in a particular city so in India the kind of pollution that we are

India the kind of pollution that we are

India the kind of pollution that we are seeing on average estimate is that

seeing on average estimate is that

seeing on average estimate is that compared to 20 years ago

compared to 20 years ago

compared to 20 years ago we are losing three point six years life

we are losing three point six years life

we are losing three point six years life years to the pollution that we are

years to the pollution that we are

years to the pollution that we are exposed to and this is a lot of medical

exposed to and this is a lot of medical

exposed to and this is a lot of medical research coming out and season 2009 the

research coming out and season 2009 the

research coming out and season 2009 the central Pollution Control Board put

central Pollution Control Board put

central Pollution Control Board put together data from different hospitals

together data from different hospitals

together data from different hospitals looking at how many cases are very

looking at how many cases are very

looking at how many cases are very spring that can be related to asthma or

spring that can be related to asthma or

spring that can be related to asthma or other respiratory related issues and

other respiratory related issues and

other respiratory related issues and Delhi of course came on top and the

Delhi of course came on top and the

Delhi of course came on top and the statistics continue and this is from

statistics continue and this is from

statistics continue and this is from 2015 study only from aims in Delhi

2015 study only from aims in Delhi

2015 study only from aims in Delhi looking at what has been the trend in

looking at what has been the trend in

looking at what has been the trend in the number of cases registered or

the number of cases registered or

the number of cases registered or patients that came to Ames and particle

patients that came to Ames and particle

patients that came to Ames and particle chest institution as well so there was a

chest institution as well so there was a

chest institution as well so there was a mark 300% increase in number of patients

mark 300% increase in number of patients

mark 300% increase in number of patients coming to the hospital and lot of other

coming to the hospital and lot of other

coming to the hospital and lot of other studies that

studies that

studies that published but more remarkably there is

published but more remarkably there is

published but more remarkably there is now a tremendous interest from the

now a tremendous interest from the

now a tremendous interest from the public there was a case filed on behalf

public there was a case filed on behalf

public there was a case filed on behalf of three toddlers by their parents in

of three toddlers by their parents in

of three toddlers by their parents in Supreme Court asking for a ban on

Supreme Court asking for a ban on

Supreme Court asking for a ban on firecrackers again this is a very

firecrackers again this is a very

firecrackers again this is a very specific incident very specific

specific incident very specific

specific incident very specific pollutant a polluting event that they

pollutant a polluting event that they

pollutant a polluting event that they want to focus on but it has a large

want to focus on but it has a large

want to focus on but it has a large implications and just to put a few more

implications and just to put a few more

implications and just to put a few more things into perspective so this is from

things into perspective so this is from

things into perspective so this is from 2016 for one week only this is just

2016 for one week only this is just

2016 for one week only this is just following Diwali and there were also a

following Diwali and there were also a

following Diwali and there were also a lot of fires that happened in Punjab and

lot of fires that happened in Punjab and

lot of fires that happened in Punjab and Haryana and the data that we were

Haryana and the data that we were

Haryana and the data that we were logging at different monitoring stations

logging at different monitoring stations

logging at different monitoring stations Peaks were at 3500 micrograms per meter

Peaks were at 3500 micrograms per meter

Peaks were at 3500 micrograms per meter cube and a weekly average exposure rate

cube and a weekly average exposure rate

cube and a weekly average exposure rate was about 500 micro meter cube and I

was about 500 micro meter cube and I

was about 500 micro meter cube and I want you to compare that to what we call

want you to compare that to what we call

want you to compare that to what we call as 24-hour standard health standard

as 24-hour standard health standard

as 24-hour standard health standard about 60 microgram per meter cube and if

about 60 microgram per meter cube and if

about 60 microgram per meter cube and if you go to WH o World Health Organization

you go to WH o World Health Organization

you go to WH o World Health Organization guideline that is 25 so I mean you are

guideline that is 25 so I mean you are

guideline that is 25 so I mean you are exposed to on average in the peak period

exposed to on average in the peak period

exposed to on average in the peak period of October norm but December 20 times

of October norm but December 20 times

of October norm but December 20 times more than what World Health Organization

more than what World Health Organization

more than what World Health Organization says is a health guideline for that

says is a health guideline for that

says is a health guideline for that particular pollutant and I’m putting a

particular pollutant and I’m putting a

particular pollutant and I’m putting a little bit more emphasis on the on this

little bit more emphasis on the on this

little bit more emphasis on the on this pollutant PM 2.5 is because it’s a

pollutant PM 2.5 is because it’s a

pollutant PM 2.5 is because it’s a complex pollutant and it has

complex pollutant and it has

complex pollutant and it has contributions from a variety of sources

contributions from a variety of sources

contributions from a variety of sources and contributions from variety of

and contributions from variety of

and contributions from variety of chemicals as well so we have other

chemicals as well so we have other

chemicals as well so we have other gaseous pollutants so2 sulfur dioxide

gaseous pollutants so2 sulfur dioxide

gaseous pollutants so2 sulfur dioxide nitrogen oxide ozone Co all of them

nitrogen oxide ozone Co all of them

nitrogen oxide ozone Co all of them actually contribute in some kind of some

actually contribute in some kind of some

actually contribute in some kind of some way or the other to the the PM 2.5 that

way or the other to the the PM 2.5 that

way or the other to the the PM 2.5 that we are breathing on a daily basis so so

we are breathing on a daily basis so so

we are breathing on a daily basis so so even though those specific examples for

even though those specific examples for

even though those specific examples for Delhi only the problem is not restricted

Delhi only the problem is not restricted

Delhi only the problem is not restricted to only Delhi it’s a nationwide problem

to only Delhi it’s a nationwide problem

to only Delhi it’s a nationwide problem it’s a global problem and we are seeing

it’s a global problem and we are seeing

it’s a global problem and we are seeing a significant rise in the pollution

a significant rise in the pollution

a significant rise in the pollution levels that we are seeing not only in

levels that we are seeing not only in

levels that we are seeing not only in the cities but also in the rural area

the cities but also in the rural area

the cities but also in the rural area as well so based on data coming from the

as well so based on data coming from the

as well so based on data coming from the satellites and it combined with some of

satellites and it combined with some of

satellites and it combined with some of the data that’s coming from the on

the data that’s coming from the on

the data that’s coming from the on ground monitoring stations and what we

ground monitoring stations and what we

ground monitoring stations and what we see in terms of activities in different

see in terms of activities in different

see in terms of activities in different cities and rural areas if we start

cities and rural areas if we start

cities and rural areas if we start looking at the pattern what happened in

looking at the pattern what happened in

looking at the pattern what happened in 1998 what we have observed in 1998

1998 what we have observed in 1998

1998 what we have observed in 1998 versus 2014 there’s a marked difference

versus 2014 there’s a marked difference

versus 2014 there’s a marked difference so is the number of districts of the 640

so is the number of districts of the 640

so is the number of districts of the 640 districts in India number of districts

districts in India number of districts

districts in India number of districts that exceeded the national guideline in

that exceeded the national guideline in

that exceeded the national guideline in 1928 versus 2014 is 40 percent versus 60

1928 versus 2014 is 40 percent versus 60

1928 versus 2014 is 40 percent versus 60 percent and this is is only going to

percent and this is is only going to

percent and this is is only going to increase as more and more districts are

increase as more and more districts are

increase as more and more districts are going to be listed as urban centers and

going to be listed as urban centers and

going to be listed as urban centers and more and more activities will be

more and more activities will be

more and more activities will be contributing to this problem and we see

contributing to this problem and we see

contributing to this problem and we see this marked difference also in the

this marked difference also in the

this marked difference also in the health impacts again the global burden

health impacts again the global burden

health impacts again the global burden of disease estimates these are done

of disease estimates these are done

of disease estimates these are done every year based on the statistics

every year based on the statistics

every year based on the statistics collected by the Minister of Health and

collected by the Minister of Health and

collected by the Minister of Health and the Department of Housing so they

the Department of Housing so they

the Department of Housing so they basically collect a lot of information

basically collect a lot of information

basically collect a lot of information on the patterns of patients get to go

on the patterns of patients get to go

on the patterns of patients get to go into the hospital what kind of elements

into the hospital what kind of elements

into the hospital what kind of elements are they registering and the data is

are they registering and the data is

are they registering and the data is collected and also looking at what is

collected and also looking at what is

collected and also looking at what is the pattern in the air pollution across

the pattern in the air pollution across

the pattern in the air pollution across these areas they have a way of putting

these areas they have a way of putting

these areas they have a way of putting it together what we call as dose

it together what we call as dose

it together what we call as dose response function and try to see the

response function and try to see the

response function and try to see the change in these patterns like how often

change in these patterns like how often

change in these patterns like how often do we see a certain disease increasing

do we see a certain disease increasing

do we see a certain disease increasing and how that it can be correlated to the

and how that it can be correlated to the

and how that it can be correlated to the patterns in an air pollution nutrition

patterns in an air pollution nutrition

patterns in an air pollution nutrition behavioral patterns injuries accidents

behavioral patterns injuries accidents

behavioral patterns injuries accidents traffic they look at about 250 different

traffic they look at about 250 different

traffic they look at about 250 different endpoints and and come up with this

endpoints and and come up with this

endpoints and and come up with this statistical estimate there’s a lot of

statistical estimate there’s a lot of

statistical estimate there’s a lot of hand waving a number continued involved

hand waving a number continued involved

hand waving a number continued involved but it tells us a good story on where we

but it tells us a good story on where we

but it tells us a good story on where we are and where is just going okay so the

are and where is just going okay so the

are and where is just going okay so the blue items these are non communicable

blue items these are non communicable

blue items these are non communicable diseases and these have a very marked

diseases and these have a very marked

diseases and these have a very marked linkage to air pollution that we have we

linkage to air pollution that we have we

linkage to air pollution that we have we are expressing experiencing in the

are expressing experiencing in the

are expressing experiencing in the cities and you will see on the top the

cities and you will see on the top the

cities and you will see on the top the ischemic heart disease so

ischemic heart disease so

ischemic heart disease so basically it has direct linkages to how

basically it has direct linkages to how

basically it has direct linkages to how the blood is pumped to and from the

the blood is pumped to and from the

the blood is pumped to and from the heart and a lot of cardiovascular

heart and a lot of cardiovascular

heart and a lot of cardiovascular diseases lower respiratory infections

diseases lower respiratory infections

diseases lower respiratory infections all of them have seen a marked increase

all of them have seen a marked increase

all of them have seen a marked increase in the last 15 years okay if we convert

in the last 15 years okay if we convert

in the last 15 years okay if we convert the same graph into risks what is

the same graph into risks what is

the same graph into risks what is causing those diseases and where are

causing those diseases and where are

causing those diseases and where are varies that is coming from you have you

varies that is coming from you have you

varies that is coming from you have you see that a marked increase is coming

see that a marked increase is coming

see that a marked increase is coming from again outdoor air pollution and

from again outdoor air pollution and

from again outdoor air pollution and indoor air pollution okay so as I said

indoor air pollution okay so as I said

indoor air pollution okay so as I said the problem is not restricted to cities

the problem is not restricted to cities

the problem is not restricted to cities only even in the rural areas we have a a

only even in the rural areas we have a a

only even in the rural areas we have a a lot of exposure issues – especially

lot of exposure issues – especially

lot of exposure issues – especially indoor air pollution a lot of households

indoor air pollution a lot of households

indoor air pollution a lot of households still use coal and biomass and cow dung

still use coal and biomass and cow dung

still use coal and biomass and cow dung and a few other unconventional fuels and

and a few other unconventional fuels and

and a few other unconventional fuels and they contribute significantly to our

they contribute significantly to our

they contribute significantly to our health exposure rates but a good thing

health exposure rates but a good thing

health exposure rates but a good thing is in 1990 household related health

is in 1990 household related health

is in 1990 household related health effects were number one then they moved

effects were number one then they moved

effects were number one then they moved to number four in 2015 so this gives us

to number four in 2015 so this gives us

to number four in 2015 so this gives us direction where we have gone from 1992

direction where we have gone from 1992

direction where we have gone from 1992 to 2014 there has been a significant

to 2014 there has been a significant

to 2014 there has been a significant improvement in in the expansion and this

improvement in in the expansion and this

improvement in in the expansion and this distribution of LPG and also use of

distribution of LPG and also use of

distribution of LPG and also use of electricity for cooking and heating that

electricity for cooking and heating that

electricity for cooking and heating that changed some of that one that does

changed some of that one that does

changed some of that one that does actually is included in this pattern

actually is included in this pattern

actually is included in this pattern that we are seeing but a change which is

that we are seeing but a change which is

that we are seeing but a change which is on the other side is in the outdoor air

on the other side is in the outdoor air

on the other side is in the outdoor air pollution okay so more and more cities

pollution okay so more and more cities

pollution okay so more and more cities are joining

are joining

are joining what we call as urban areas and there we

what we call as urban areas and there we

what we call as urban areas and there we have very high increase in basically

have very high increase in basically

have very high increase in basically traffic lot of industries are coming up

traffic lot of industries are coming up

traffic lot of industries are coming up in those areas lot of demand for

in those areas lot of demand for

in those areas lot of demand for construction that links to all the brick

construction that links to all the brick

construction that links to all the brick kilns we have a lot of waste management

kilns we have a lot of waste management

kilns we have a lot of waste management issues if waste doesn’t pick get picked

issues if waste doesn’t pick get picked

issues if waste doesn’t pick get picked up from the roads or from the bodies it

up from the roads or from the bodies it

up from the roads or from the bodies it gets burnt after a week so you have a

gets burnt after a week so you have a

gets burnt after a week so you have a lot of pollution from that so we are

lot of pollution from that so we are

lot of pollution from that so we are seeing lot more urban signatures that

seeing lot more urban signatures that

seeing lot more urban signatures that are linked to air pollution and health

are linked to air pollution and health

are linked to air pollution and health than we

than we

than we I’ve seen in the past so number

I’ve seen in the past so number

I’ve seen in the past so number crunching on this side is not more

crunching on this side is not more

crunching on this side is not more easier so things get a little bit more

easier so things get a little bit more

easier so things get a little bit more complicated and difficult to ascertain

complicated and difficult to ascertain

complicated and difficult to ascertain where is this pollution coming from okay

where is this pollution coming from okay

where is this pollution coming from okay so this is where I think health experts

so this is where I think health experts

so this is where I think health experts and scientists environmental scientists

and scientists environmental scientists

and scientists environmental scientists have a little bit of a clash on how do

have a little bit of a clash on how do

have a little bit of a clash on how do you apportion how much pollution is one

you apportion how much pollution is one

you apportion how much pollution is one exposed to so you have power plants

exposed to so you have power plants

exposed to so you have power plants running on coal diesel and and natural

running on coal diesel and and natural

running on coal diesel and and natural gas so natural gas is obviously better

gas so natural gas is obviously better

gas so natural gas is obviously better than coal but how do we enforce changes

than coal but how do we enforce changes

than coal but how do we enforce changes into that you have a lot of industries I

into that you have a lot of industries I

into that you have a lot of industries I mean if you you have industries ranging

mean if you you have industries ranging

mean if you you have industries ranging from brick kilns for example even within

from brick kilns for example even within

from brick kilns for example even within Pune

Pune

Pune if you just go outside towards Cambridge

if you just go outside towards Cambridge

if you just go outside towards Cambridge into art you have a lot of brick kilns

into art you have a lot of brick kilns

into art you have a lot of brick kilns the demand for construction in the

the demand for construction in the

the demand for construction in the cities is so high the the supply is

cities is so high the the supply is

cities is so high the the supply is actually lot more lagging than we

actually lot more lagging than we

actually lot more lagging than we actually think of and you have a lot of

actually think of and you have a lot of

actually think of and you have a lot of industries kind of going from

industries kind of going from

industries kind of going from fertilizers iron and steel cement a lot

fertilizers iron and steel cement a lot

fertilizers iron and steel cement a lot of mineral processing that happens in

of mineral processing that happens in

of mineral processing that happens in states like Bihar Rajasthan West Bengal

states like Bihar Rajasthan West Bengal

states like Bihar Rajasthan West Bengal so we have a lot of that and then you

so we have a lot of that and then you

so we have a lot of that and then you have vehicles when we have a very high

have vehicles when we have a very high

have vehicles when we have a very high demand for Freight that comes into the

demand for Freight that comes into the

demand for Freight that comes into the city

city

city and we also have a very high demand for

and we also have a very high demand for

and we also have a very high demand for personal vehicles and households this is

personal vehicles and households this is

personal vehicles and households this is one sector which actually seeing a lot

one sector which actually seeing a lot

one sector which actually seeing a lot more progress than we are seeing in the

more progress than we are seeing in the

more progress than we are seeing in the other sectors and we shouldn’t be

other sectors and we shouldn’t be

other sectors and we shouldn’t be neglecting some of the natural sources

neglecting some of the natural sources

neglecting some of the natural sources of pollution that we have in in our

of pollution that we have in in our

of pollution that we have in in our country especially dust storms lightning

country especially dust storms lightning

country especially dust storms lightning a lot of forest fires that happen or the

a lot of forest fires that happen or the

a lot of forest fires that happen or the season so all these things also

season so all these things also

season so all these things also contribute but the biggest channel

contribute but the biggest channel

contribute but the biggest channel remains in how do we apportion this

remains in how do we apportion this

remains in how do we apportion this pollution to different sectors and what

pollution to different sectors and what

pollution to different sectors and what can be done in this sector so that we

can be done in this sector so that we

can be done in this sector so that we have a cleaner environment and good

have a cleaner environment and good

have a cleaner environment and good health in cities and in rural areas

health in cities and in rural areas

health in cities and in rural areas there’s a lot of innovation that’s

there’s a lot of innovation that’s

there’s a lot of innovation that’s happening so both in terms of technology

happening so both in terms of technology

happening so both in terms of technology but also in terms of public awareness as

but also in terms of public awareness as

but also in terms of public awareness as well so you really need to focus on on

well so you really need to focus on on

well so you really need to focus on on both ends you need to have technology

both ends you need to have technology

both ends you need to have technology that can help you reduce pollution at

that can help you reduce pollution at

that can help you reduce pollution at the sources and and across the cities

the sources and and across the cities

the sources and and across the cities but we also need to raise the awareness

but we also need to raise the awareness

but we also need to raise the awareness on air pollution to the public there’s

on air pollution to the public there’s

on air pollution to the public there’s also a lot of innovations coming from

also a lot of innovations coming from

also a lot of innovations coming from the artists as well they are raising

the artists as well they are raising

the artists as well they are raising some awareness on on some of this this

some awareness on on some of this this

some awareness on on some of this this is an installation by a Dutch artist

is an installation by a Dutch artist

is an installation by a Dutch artist it’s in Beijing and they’re basically

it’s in Beijing and they’re basically

it’s in Beijing and they’re basically pulling dust into this tower and

pulling dust into this tower and

pulling dust into this tower and compressing it and making dust rings

compressing it and making dust rings

compressing it and making dust rings they are very popular in in Beijing and

they are very popular in in Beijing and

they are very popular in in Beijing and they make about 10 rings a day so it

they make about 10 rings a day so it

they make about 10 rings a day so it actually use you an idea of how much

actually use you an idea of how much

actually use you an idea of how much pollution is being sucked into that but

pollution is being sucked into that but

pollution is being sucked into that but very important is we can’t rely on

very important is we can’t rely on

very important is we can’t rely on vacuum cleaners I mean that’s that’s a

vacuum cleaners I mean that’s that’s a

vacuum cleaners I mean that’s that’s a one way of raising awareness saying that

one way of raising awareness saying that

one way of raising awareness saying that we are that we are catching so much

we are that we are catching so much

we are that we are catching so much pollution because so much pollution is

pollution because so much pollution is

pollution because so much pollution is there outside but if we want clean air

there outside but if we want clean air

there outside but if we want clean air better health and a clean environment

better health and a clean environment

better health and a clean environment for everybody to grow then we need to

for everybody to grow then we need to

for everybody to grow then we need to basically start looking at how do we cut

basically start looking at how do we cut

basically start looking at how do we cut down pollution at the sources and and it

down pollution at the sources and and it

down pollution at the sources and and it sources range from your household

sources range from your household

sources range from your household cooking and heating to waste to what’s

cooking and heating to waste to what’s

cooking and heating to waste to what’s happening on the road and at the

happening on the road and at the

happening on the road and at the industries I mean the whole range has to

industries I mean the whole range has to

industries I mean the whole range has to be expressed and and we shouldn’t be

be expressed and and we shouldn’t be

be expressed and and we shouldn’t be relying on vacuum cleaners and purifiers

relying on vacuum cleaners and purifiers

relying on vacuum cleaners and purifiers alone to do the job for us thank you

”

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