What art and poetry can teach us about food security | Richard Marggraf Turley | TEDxAberystwyth

that’s ladies and gentlemen is one of

that’s ladies and gentlemen is one of the most dangerous paintings you’re ever

the most dangerous paintings you’re ever

the most dangerous paintings you’re ever likely to see John Constable as the hey

likely to see John Constable as the hey

likely to see John Constable as the hey way it’s painted in a Suffolk field in

way it’s painted in a Suffolk field in

way it’s painted in a Suffolk field in 1821 now you’re probably thinking it

1821 now you’re probably thinking it

1821 now you’re probably thinking it doesn’t look all that dangerous after

doesn’t look all that dangerous after

doesn’t look all that dangerous after all it regularly tops the polls as the

all it regularly tops the polls as the

all it regularly tops the polls as the nation’s favorite painting it’s a

nation’s favorite painting it’s a

nation’s favorite painting it’s a tourist magnet in the National Gallery

tourist magnet in the National Gallery

tourist magnet in the National Gallery in London and it’s reproduced everywhere

in London and it’s reproduced everywhere

in London and it’s reproduced everywhere from biscuit tins to fridge magnets but

from biscuit tins to fridge magnets but

from biscuit tins to fridge magnets but that painting should come with a public

that painting should come with a public

that painting should come with a public health warning and I’m not even joking

health warning and I’m not even joking

health warning and I’m not even joking in fact I’m gonna take it off the screen

in fact I’m gonna take it off the screen

in fact I’m gonna take it off the screen for a bit to limit our exposure but

for a bit to limit our exposure but

for a bit to limit our exposure but don’t worry I’ll be returning to it in a

don’t worry I’ll be returning to it in a

don’t worry I’ll be returning to it in a bit I’m going to tell you why I think

bit I’m going to tell you why I think

bit I’m going to tell you why I think it’s so dangerous but first let me let

it’s so dangerous but first let me let

it’s so dangerous but first let me let me tell you how I got into 19th century

me tell you how I got into 19th century

me tell you how I got into 19th century art and literature in the first place so

art and literature in the first place so

art and literature in the first place so we’re back at school 15 years old and

we’re back at school 15 years old and

we’re back at school 15 years old and we’re studying John Keats’s ode to a

we’re studying John Keats’s ode to a

we’re studying John Keats’s ode to a nightingale the Romantic poet John Keats

nightingale the Romantic poet John Keats

nightingale the Romantic poet John Keats and it blew my mind yeah you know if you

and it blew my mind yeah you know if you

and it blew my mind yeah you know if you know the poem all that fading from the

know the poem all that fading from the

know the poem all that fading from the world into the forest dim into the realm

world into the forest dim into the realm

world into the forest dim into the realm of music to those grand abstracts art

of music to those grand abstracts art

of music to those grand abstracts art and beauty kind of thing that a

and beauty kind of thing that a

and beauty kind of thing that a sensitive 15 year old really responds to

sensitive 15 year old really responds to

sensitive 15 year old really responds to but there was one phrase that pulled me

but there was one phrase that pulled me

but there was one phrase that pulled me up short though I didn’t quite know why

up short though I didn’t quite know why

up short though I didn’t quite know why at the time and that phrase was hungry

at the time and that phrase was hungry

at the time and that phrase was hungry generations somehow amid all that

generations somehow amid all that

generations somehow amid all that romantic transcendence all those visions

romantic transcendence all those visions

romantic transcendence all those visions and waking dreams it seemed to me that

and waking dreams it seemed to me that

and waking dreams it seemed to me that that connection with the world in its

that connection with the world in its

that connection with the world in its troubles was what the poem was really

troubles was what the poem was really

troubles was what the poem was really invested in so it turns out that in the

invested in so it turns out that in the

invested in so it turns out that in the years before keeps wrote ode to Britain

years before keeps wrote ode to Britain

years before keeps wrote ode to Britain was suffering a period of terrible food

was suffering a period of terrible food

was suffering a period of terrible food insecurity the entire southeast was

insecurity the entire southeast was

insecurity the entire southeast was badly hit towns and villages across the

badly hit towns and villages across the

badly hit towns and villages across the region were torn apart by the so called

region were torn apart by the so called

region were torn apart by the so called bread or blood food riots

bread or blood food riots

bread or blood food riots and they led to executions and

and they led to executions and

and they led to executions and transportations so yes Keith says owed

transportations so yes Keith says owed

transportations so yes Keith says owed was about beauty and music but it was

was about beauty and music but it was

was about beauty and music but it was also about hunger though no one ever

also about hunger though no one ever

also about hunger though no one ever seemed to be discussing it now we may

seemed to be discussing it now we may

seemed to be discussing it now we may think that food riots are firmly

think that food riots are firmly

think that food riots are firmly consigned to the Past but we’d be wrong

consigned to the Past but we’d be wrong

consigned to the Past but we’d be wrong that photograph was taken at the

that photograph was taken at the

that photograph was taken at the beginning of the 2011 London riots or

beginning of the 2011 London riots or

beginning of the 2011 London riots or uprising you’re looking at one of the

uprising you’re looking at one of the

uprising you’re looking at one of the first premises to be looted and forget

first premises to be looted and forget

first premises to be looted and forget what you saw on TV it wasn’t a luxury

what you saw on TV it wasn’t a luxury

what you saw on TV it wasn’t a luxury trainers store or a flat-screen TV

trainers store or a flat-screen TV

trainers store or a flat-screen TV outlet no no it was a convenience store

outlet no no it was a convenience store

outlet no no it was a convenience store in Hackney yeah those are the new hungry

in Hackney yeah those are the new hungry

in Hackney yeah those are the new hungry generations so Keats’s ode takes me back

generations so Keats’s ode takes me back

generations so Keats’s ode takes me back or is that forward to 2011 and

or is that forward to 2011 and

or is that forward to 2011 and shockingly it also takes me to the

shockingly it also takes me to the

shockingly it also takes me to the present food poverty is on the increase

present food poverty is on the increase

present food poverty is on the increase more people in the UK than ever are

more people in the UK than ever are

more people in the UK than ever are relying on food banks it affects the

relying on food banks it affects the

relying on food banks it affects the unemployed the homeless the sick but it

unemployed the homeless the sick but it

unemployed the homeless the sick but it also affects teachers nurses young

also affects teachers nurses young

also affects teachers nurses young children latest figures show one in four

children latest figures show one in four

children latest figures show one in four households struggles to put food on the

households struggles to put food on the

households struggles to put food on the table these are the new hungry

table these are the new hungry

table these are the new hungry generations so what can a literature

generations so what can a literature

generations so what can a literature professor what can I do to address that

professor what can I do to address that

professor what can I do to address that challenge

challenge

challenge well I’m fortunate to work in a team

well I’m fortunate to work in a team

well I’m fortunate to work in a team with a literary a historian jane archer

with a literary a historian jane archer

with a literary a historian jane archer and a plant scientist howard thomas and

and a plant scientist howard thomas and

and a plant scientist howard thomas and we’ve been able to combine the insights

we’ve been able to combine the insights

we’ve been able to combine the insights of literary analysis with those of food

of literary analysis with those of food

of literary analysis with those of food science i’m in the past i just wanted to

science i’m in the past i just wanted to

science i’m in the past i just wanted to know what Keats meant when he said

know what Keats meant when he said

know what Keats meant when he said beauty is truth truth beauty but now I

beauty is truth truth beauty but now I

beauty is truth truth beauty but now I want to know how as a species we’re

want to know how as a species we’re

want to know how as a species we’re going to feed 9 billion people by the

going to feed 9 billion people by the

going to feed 9 billion people by the year 2050 ok so I’m not going to claim I

year 2050 ok so I’m not going to claim I

year 2050 ok so I’m not going to claim I have the answer to that one now although

have the answer to that one now although

have the answer to that one now although it’s probably going to involve eating a

it’s probably going to involve eating a

it’s probably going to involve eating a lot of insects

lot of insects

lot of insects but I do know the part of the answer

but I do know the part of the answer

but I do know the part of the answer lies in us as as consumers and as

lies in us as as consumers and as

lies in us as as consumers and as policymakers and recalibrating our sense

policymakers and recalibrating our sense

policymakers and recalibrating our sense of the value of a fairer distribution of

of the value of a fairer distribution of

of the value of a fairer distribution of food I think that some of our best loved

food I think that some of our best loved

food I think that some of our best loved historical poems and paintings can help

historical poems and paintings can help

historical poems and paintings can help us with that but there’s a couch we’ve

us with that but there’s a couch we’ve

us with that but there’s a couch we’ve become so disconnected so alienated from

become so disconnected so alienated from

become so disconnected so alienated from the land that we’re unable to see the

the land that we’re unable to see the

the land that we’re unable to see the ways in which our literature engages

ways in which our literature engages

ways in which our literature engages with and maps onto material conditions

with and maps onto material conditions

with and maps onto material conditions of the age we forgotten about the

of the age we forgotten about the

of the age we forgotten about the processes by which our food is planted

processes by which our food is planted

processes by which our food is planted grown harvested and produced and

grown harvested and produced and

grown harvested and produced and distributed actually it’s worse than

distributed actually it’s worse than

distributed actually it’s worse than that when we look today at historical

that when we look today at historical

that when we look today at historical representations of Agriculture and some

representations of Agriculture and some

representations of Agriculture and some of our favorite poems and paintings we

of our favorite poems and paintings we

of our favorite poems and paintings we tend to see sentimental reassuring

tend to see sentimental reassuring

tend to see sentimental reassuring scenes rather than warnings and those

scenes rather than warnings and those

scenes rather than warnings and those RIS readings are actually contributing

RIS readings are actually contributing

RIS readings are actually contributing to our complacency and to some of the

to our complacency and to some of the

to our complacency and to some of the poor decisions we’re making around food

poor decisions we’re making around food

poor decisions we’re making around food policy we need to become better readers

policy we need to become better readers

policy we need to become better readers of the past if we’re to make better more

of the past if we’re to make better more

of the past if we’re to make better more informed whilst humane decisions about

informed whilst humane decisions about

informed whilst humane decisions about the future so there is again young

the future so there is again young

the future so there is again young constables the hay Wain is one of the

constables the hay Wain is one of the

constables the hay Wain is one of the nation’s most popular paintings and it’s

nation’s most popular paintings and it’s

nation’s most popular paintings and it’s not hard to see why it seems to present

not hard to see why it seems to present

not hard to see why it seems to present an image a quintessential image of the

an image a quintessential image of the

an image a quintessential image of the English countryside a calm leisurely

English countryside a calm leisurely

English countryside a calm leisurely scene of rural retreat time right well

scene of rural retreat time right well

scene of rural retreat time right well you’ve hardly know it but just five

you’ve hardly know it but just five

you’ve hardly know it but just five years before comfortable painted the hay

years before comfortable painted the hay

years before comfortable painted the hay wing the entire southeast was torn apart

wing the entire southeast was torn apart

wing the entire southeast was torn apart village ism and towns in that region

village ism and towns in that region

village ism and towns in that region torn apart by those very blood a bread

torn apart by those very blood a bread

torn apart by those very blood a bread or blood food riots but constable well

or blood food riots but constable well

or blood food riots but constable well officer of a Suffolk Miller and owner of

officer of a Suffolk Miller and owner of

officer of a Suffolk Miller and owner of the local granary knew it all too well

the local granary knew it all too well

the local granary knew it all too well his painting seems to want to smooth

his painting seems to want to smooth

his painting seems to want to smooth over recent

over recent

over recent to reconfirm the old social order the

to reconfirm the old social order the

to reconfirm the old social order the old hierarchies as much as the Regis

old hierarchies as much as the Regis

old hierarchies as much as the Regis recent balance is displaced and pushed

recent balance is displaced and pushed

recent balance is displaced and pushed to the edges of the field

to the edges of the field

to the edges of the field history finds our way back in it wants

history finds our way back in it wants

history finds our way back in it wants to quibble with comfortable smooth

to quibble with comfortable smooth

to quibble with comfortable smooth aesthetic and with our acceptance of it

according to the National Gallery’s key

according to the National Gallery’s key facts like hey awaiting that

facts like hey awaiting that

facts like hey awaiting that agricultural wagon in the foreground is

agricultural wagon in the foreground is

agricultural wagon in the foreground is standing in the water serenely static

standing in the water serenely static

standing in the water serenely static station and that’s how the paintings

station and that’s how the paintings

station and that’s how the paintings usually understood is how its

usually understood is how its

usually understood is how its interpreted seems so pretty its central

interpreted seems so pretty its central

interpreted seems so pretty its central character seems to have stopped work to

character seems to have stopped work to

character seems to have stopped work to admire his surroundings all’s well

admire his surroundings all’s well

admire his surroundings all’s well that’s well the painting seems to say

that’s well the painting seems to say

that’s well the painting seems to say nothing to see here

nothing to see here

nothing to see here business as usual much as I love the

business as usual much as I love the

business as usual much as I love the National Gallery its description of a

National Gallery its description of a

National Gallery its description of a standing highway makes no sense at all

standing highway makes no sense at all

standing highway makes no sense at all or rather it only makes sense to someone

or rather it only makes sense to someone

or rather it only makes sense to someone who isn’t a Jew to another set of King

who isn’t a Jew to another set of King

who isn’t a Jew to another set of King facts the material facts of agriculture

facts the material facts of agriculture

facts the material facts of agriculture farm the paintings called the hay Wain

farm the paintings called the hay Wain

farm the paintings called the hay Wain singular but there are in fact two

singular but there are in fact two

singular but there are in fact two agricultural wagons and constables

agricultural wagons and constables

agricultural wagons and constables phaidor’s painting and the second one is

phaidor’s painting and the second one is

phaidor’s painting and the second one is the key to unlocking this famous seems

the key to unlocking this famous seems

the key to unlocking this famous seems barely contained energies and velocities

barely contained energies and velocities

barely contained energies and velocities they no one spotted in yet there it is

they no one spotted in yet there it is

they no one spotted in yet there it is that’s the second hay Wain it’s tiny

that’s the second hay Wain it’s tiny

that’s the second hay Wain it’s tiny it’s easy to miss but it’s there and

it’s easy to miss but it’s there and

it’s easy to miss but it’s there and it’s been loaded up in that meadow in

it’s been loaded up in that meadow in

it’s been loaded up in that meadow in the background and it tells us something

the background and it tells us something

the background and it tells us something about the actual speed of that wagon in

about the actual speed of that wagon in

about the actual speed of that wagon in the foreground which is probably going

the foreground which is probably going

the foreground which is probably going hell for the leather

hell for the leather

hell for the leather when constable saw it what the painting

when constable saw it what the painting

when constable saw it what the painting actually depicts is a carefully

actually depicts is a carefully

actually depicts is a carefully choreographed process one wagons being

choreographed process one wagons being

choreographed process one wagons being loaded up all the others being unloaded

loaded up all the others being unloaded

loaded up all the others being unloaded unloaded where well some art critics

unloaded where well some art critics

unloaded where well some art critics suggest that the hay is being taken to a

suggest that the hay is being taken to a

suggest that the hay is being taken to a water mill off to the right of the

water mill off to the right of the

water mill off to the right of the painting anyone see why that makes no

painting anyone see why that makes no

painting anyone see why that makes no sense at all

sense at all

sense at all ever try to mill hay

not Brass you see how out of touch with

not Brass you see how out of touch with the land we are no the haze being taken

the land we are no the haze being taken

the land we are no the haze being taken to a bar there’s one behind us behind

to a bar there’s one behind us behind

to a bar there’s one behind us behind where constable set up his easel that

where constable set up his easel that

where constable set up his easel that morning that’s where the hate food for

morning that’s where the hate food for

morning that’s where the hate food for livestock is being taken by the shortest

livestock is being taken by the shortest

livestock is being taken by the shortest route through the mill stream as quickly

route through the mill stream as quickly

route through the mill stream as quickly as possible

as possible

as possible but why all the hate because the heavens

but why all the hate because the heavens

but why all the hate because the heavens those those menacingly dark clouds

those those menacingly dark clouds

those those menacingly dark clouds blowing in from the left above the field

blowing in from the left above the field

blowing in from the left above the field are about to open it’s going to rain and

are about to open it’s going to rain and

are about to open it’s going to rain and if it rains and the crop gets wet it’ll

if it rains and the crop gets wet it’ll

if it rains and the crop gets wet it’ll have to stay where it’s been cut out on

have to stay where it’s been cut out on

have to stay where it’s been cut out on the field where it risks rotting or

the field where it risks rotting or

the field where it risks rotting or worse it’ll be taken in wet where it’s

worse it’ll be taken in wet where it’s

worse it’ll be taken in wet where it’s more likely to grow contaminants such as

more likely to grow contaminants such as

more likely to grow contaminants such as mold and ergot and actually that’s

mold and ergot and actually that’s

mold and ergot and actually that’s devastating to health if it enters the

devastating to health if it enters the

devastating to health if it enters the food chain the root of the – hey wings

food chain the root of the – hey wings

food chain the root of the – hey wings from an aerial perspective would look

from an aerial perspective would look

from an aerial perspective would look something like this

something like this

something like this I have to say I’m not quite as

I have to say I’m not quite as

I have to say I’m not quite as proficient at drawing this comes in but

proficient at drawing this comes in but

proficient at drawing this comes in but you get the idea what comfortable

you get the idea what comfortable

you get the idea what comfortable painting is showing us then is is a

painting is showing us then is is a

painting is showing us then is is a process that’s been honed for maximum

process that’s been honed for maximum

process that’s been honed for maximum efficiency maximum speed and maximum

efficiency maximum speed and maximum

efficiency maximum speed and maximum though an equally distributed profit and

though an equally distributed profit and

though an equally distributed profit and that wagon driver

that wagon driver

that wagon driver isn’t a figment of the artists

isn’t a figment of the artists

isn’t a figment of the artists imagination

imagination

imagination it’s one of constables father’s hired

it’s one of constables father’s hired

it’s one of constables father’s hired laborers at times being what they were

laborers at times being what they were

laborers at times being what they were is probably not getting a fair wage just

is probably not getting a fair wage just

is probably not getting a fair wage just one year after comfortable paints the

one year after comfortable paints the

one year after comfortable paints the hay wing the entire region erupts again

hay wing the entire region erupts again

hay wing the entire region erupts again and yet more vapors perhaps at Wagoner

and yet more vapors perhaps at Wagoner

and yet more vapors perhaps at Wagoner always friends will be among the rioters

always friends will be among the rioters

always friends will be among the rioters so beneath the surface of what might

so beneath the surface of what might

so beneath the surface of what might look to us like and what all those

look to us like and what all those

look to us like and what all those fridge magnets want us to think is a

fridge magnets want us to think is a

fridge magnets want us to think is a bucolic it’ll an escapist paradise is

bucolic it’ll an escapist paradise is

bucolic it’ll an escapist paradise is the region’s recent history of unrest

the region’s recent history of unrest

the region’s recent history of unrest and social division rising prices and

and social division rising prices and

and social division rising prices and hungry rioting inhabitants and that

hungry rioting inhabitants and that

hungry rioting inhabitants and that wagon moving through the water it exists

wagon moving through the water it exists

wagon moving through the water it exists at the

at the

at the to river about a fault network of

to river about a fault network of

to river about a fault network of economic and social relations on the

economic and social relations on the

economic and social relations on the point of violent upheaval it may not be

point of violent upheaval it may not be

point of violent upheaval it may not be what constable wants us to see it’s what

what constable wants us to see it’s what

what constable wants us to see it’s what the paintings telling us if we all

the paintings telling us if we all

the paintings telling us if we all listen okay I’m a I’m a literature prof

listen okay I’m a I’m a literature prof

listen okay I’m a I’m a literature prof so let’s bring this home with a literary

so let’s bring this home with a literary

so let’s bring this home with a literary example Keats’s ode to autumn it’s the

example Keats’s ode to autumn it’s the

example Keats’s ode to autumn it’s the most anthologized poem in the English

most anthologized poem in the English

most anthologized poem in the English language season amidst mellow

language season amidst mellow

language season amidst mellow fruitfulness yeah that one it was

fruitfulness yeah that one it was

fruitfulness yeah that one it was composed in 1819 because two years

composed in 1819 because two years

composed in 1819 because two years before

before

before constable painted the hay Wain much like

constable painted the hay Wain much like

constable painted the hay Wain much like the hay wavelets it’s told to us today

the hay wavelets it’s told to us today

the hay wavelets it’s told to us today as depicting a scene of a Dilek harvest

as depicting a scene of a Dilek harvest

as depicting a scene of a Dilek harvest home in the cornfields overlooking

home in the cornfields overlooking

home in the cornfields overlooking Winchester where the drowsy repose

Winchester where the drowsy repose

Winchester where the drowsy repose hearing stanza to a sleeping on the

hearing stanza to a sleeping on the

hearing stanza to a sleeping on the furrows the hooks pair the necks wife

furrows the hooks pair the necks wife

furrows the hooks pair the necks wife and all its twine eat flowers goes down

and all its twine eat flowers goes down

and all its twine eat flowers goes down easy doesn’t it but in fact keeps

easy doesn’t it but in fact keeps

easy doesn’t it but in fact keeps arrived in the area shortly after

arrived in the area shortly after

arrived in the area shortly after financial speculators had bought up all

financial speculators had bought up all

financial speculators had bought up all the visas of all the cornfields in the

the visas of all the cornfields in the

the visas of all the cornfields in the area to profit from rising bread prices

area to profit from rising bread prices

area to profit from rising bread prices the old laboring families were forced

the old laboring families were forced

the old laboring families were forced off the land wages predictably went down

off the land wages predictably went down

off the land wages predictably went down and the old custom of gleaning whereby

and the old custom of gleaning whereby

and the old custom of gleaning whereby the workers could take some of the crop

the workers could take some of the crop

the workers could take some of the crop home for themselves and keep it was

home for themselves and keep it was

home for themselves and keep it was outlawed the Reapers the new workers the

outlawed the Reapers the new workers the

outlawed the Reapers the new workers the Reapers the keepsies depicting in stanza

Reapers the keepsies depicting in stanza

Reapers the keepsies depicting in stanza two they couldn’t even afford to buy the

two they couldn’t even afford to buy the

two they couldn’t even afford to buy the bread made from the expensive corn they

bread made from the expensive corn they

bread made from the expensive corn they were harvesting the hungry generations

were harvesting the hungry generations

were harvesting the hungry generations that bit about the Reapers taken a

that bit about the Reapers taken a

that bit about the Reapers taken a well-earned nap you guessed it it

well-earned nap you guessed it it

well-earned nap you guessed it it doesn’t make sense

doesn’t make sense

doesn’t make sense labourers were supposed to work flat out

labourers were supposed to work flat out

labourers were supposed to work flat out at harvest time you you worked as long

at harvest time you you worked as long

at harvest time you you worked as long as it was like to gather the crop in

as it was like to gather the crop in

as it was like to gather the crop in before it rained of course if you were

before it rained of course if you were

before it rained of course if you were already paid

already paid

already paid there was little incentive and

there was little incentive and

there was little incentive and agricultural journals of the day had to

agricultural journals of the day had to

agricultural journals of the day had to caution landowners to keep a close watch

caution landowners to keep a close watch

caution landowners to keep a close watch on your harvest meant to see they work

on your harvest meant to see they work

on your harvest meant to see they work their hours those Reapers shouldn’t be

their hours those Reapers shouldn’t be

their hours those Reapers shouldn’t be slacking off so do we still so do we

slacking off so do we still so do we

slacking off so do we still so do we still think this is a

still think this is a

still think this is a a picturesque see a calm and leisurely

a picturesque see a calm and leisurely

a picturesque see a calm and leisurely rural retreat or rather or rather or

rural retreat or rather or rather or

rural retreat or rather or rather or withdrawal of underpaid hungry labor

withdrawal of underpaid hungry labor

withdrawal of underpaid hungry labor possibly beginnings of a strike Keats’s

possibly beginnings of a strike Keats’s

possibly beginnings of a strike Keats’s much-loved oat like constables pole

much-loved oat like constables pole

much-loved oat like constables pole topping painting captures and examines a

topping painting captures and examines a

topping painting captures and examines a distinct moment of crisis exploited

distinct moment of crisis exploited

distinct moment of crisis exploited laborers unscrupulous bankers an age

laborers unscrupulous bankers an age

laborers unscrupulous bankers an age struggling to recover from violent food

struggling to recover from violent food

struggling to recover from violent food riots and an age unable or simply

riots and an age unable or simply

riots and an age unable or simply unwilling to share out resources

unwilling to share out resources

unwilling to share out resources equitable sound familiar so these famous

equitable sound familiar so these famous

equitable sound familiar so these famous apparently reassuring historical works

apparently reassuring historical works

apparently reassuring historical works in fact have a stark message for us they

in fact have a stark message for us they

in fact have a stark message for us they tell us that food security and the

tell us that food security and the

tell us that food security and the social bonds it sustains is put at risk

social bonds it sustains is put at risk

social bonds it sustains is put at risk when sustenance has seen simply as a

when sustenance has seen simply as a

when sustenance has seen simply as a commodity from which as much profit as

commodity from which as much profit as

commodity from which as much profit as possible is extracted put at risk when

possible is extracted put at risk when

possible is extracted put at risk when it seems to make more sense to discard

it seems to make more sense to discard

it seems to make more sense to discard them than to explore ways of sharing it

them than to explore ways of sharing it

them than to explore ways of sharing it out more equally put at risk when

out more equally put at risk when

out more equally put at risk when history’s hungry generations return to

history’s hungry generations return to

history’s hungry generations return to shame assault thank you