good morning great to be here so as I mentioned or as was just mentioned I’m a
mentioned or as was just mentioned I’m a
mentioned or as was just mentioned I’m a professor in the school of design and I
professor in the school of design and I
professor in the school of design and I realize I’m talking about AI and machine
realize I’m talking about AI and machine
realize I’m talking about AI and machine learning on a campus and in a city full
learning on a campus and in a city full
learning on a campus and in a city full of more AI and machine learning people
of more AI and machine learning people
of more AI and machine learning people than you could expect per capita than
than you could expect per capita than
than you could expect per capita than just about anywhere but I want to take a
just about anywhere but I want to take a
just about anywhere but I want to take a slightly different approach to it as I
slightly different approach to it as I
slightly different approach to it as I mentioned I’m a historian and a designer
mentioned I’m a historian and a designer
mentioned I’m a historian and a designer and I want to see what we might learn
and I want to see what we might learn
and I want to see what we might learn and bring from design over to the field
and bring from design over to the field
and bring from design over to the field of AI and I’m going to start by looking
of AI and I’m going to start by looking
of AI and I’m going to start by looking back I mean way way back like 3,000
back I mean way way back like 3,000
back I mean way way back like 3,000 years back I want to start with the
years back I want to start with the
years back I want to start with the story of King mu in China but through in
story of King mu in China but through in
story of King mu in China but through in 900 BC and his friend the artificer an
900 BC and his friend the artificer an
900 BC and his friend the artificer an early designer named Yin Xiu Yin is
early designer named Yin Xiu Yin is
early designer named Yin Xiu Yin is an inventor an artificer again who
an inventor an artificer again who
an inventor an artificer again who created a robot of sorts that he brought
created a robot of sorts that he brought
created a robot of sorts that he brought to the king’s court and he brought it in
to the king’s court and he brought it in
to the king’s court and he brought it in and the robots the robot walked with
and the robots the robot walked with
and the robots the robot walked with confidence strides when Yin touched
confidence strides when Yin touched
confidence strides when Yin touched the robot’s chin he sang and he gestured
the robot’s chin he sang and he gestured
the robot’s chin he sang and he gestured and then when his performance was done
and then when his performance was done
and then when his performance was done he started making moves toward the
he started making moves toward the
he started making moves toward the ladies and this really made the King mad
ladies and this really made the King mad
ladies and this really made the King mad and so the King said that Yin
and so the King said that Yin
and so the King said that Yin should be executed on the spot and Yin
should be executed on the spot and Yin
should be executed on the spot and Yin terrified threw down the robot and
terrified threw down the robot and
terrified threw down the robot and started taking it apart and saying look
started taking it apart and saying look
started taking it apart and saying look look this is how it’s me you can see
look this is how it’s me you can see
look this is how it’s me you can see it’s leather it’s wood it’s paint
it’s leather it’s wood it’s paint
it’s leather it’s wood it’s paint it’s adhesive and the King was very
it’s adhesive and the King was very
it’s adhesive and the King was very intrigued and so he discovered that when
intrigued and so he discovered that when
intrigued and so he discovered that when he picked up the heart the lips stopped
he picked up the heart the lips stopped
he picked up the heart the lips stopped moving and when he took out the kindy
moving and when he took out the kindy
moving and when he took out the kindy the robot couldn’t walk and the King
the robot couldn’t walk and the King
the robot couldn’t walk and the King thought this was fascinating and he said
thought this was fascinating and he said
thought this was fascinating and he said this says something great about our
this says something great about our
this says something great about our great author and the state of nature and
great author and the state of nature and
great author and the state of nature and what I like so much about this story is
what I like so much about this story is
what I like so much about this story is that it says something about design and
that it says something about design and
that it says something about design and intelligence that we make things by
intelligence that we make things by
intelligence that we make things by building them up we make our own models
building them up we make our own models
building them up we make our own models of them
of them
of them and we build them up and then we take
and we build them up and then we take
and we build them up and then we take them apart only to build them back up
them apart only to build them back up
them apart only to build them back up again let me give you another example
again let me give you another example
again let me give you another example this is a little more recent this is
this is a little more recent this is
this is a little more recent this is 1739 it’s known as the defecating duck
1739 it’s known as the defecating duck
1739 it’s known as the defecating duck the defecating duck is a mechanical duck
the defecating duck is a mechanical duck
the defecating duck is a mechanical duck that does kind of what you’d expect
that does kind of what you’d expect
that does kind of what you’d expect you put in grain you turn a crank and it
you put in grain you turn a crank and it
you put in grain you turn a crank and it defecates but but the reason that this
defecates but but the reason that this
defecates but but the reason that this is fascinating is that it was a model of
is fascinating is that it was a model of
is fascinating is that it was a model of otamatea it was a model of artificial
otamatea it was a model of artificial
otamatea it was a model of artificial life and by designing this it was
life and by designing this it was
life and by designing this it was possible to come up with a way to see
possible to come up with a way to see
possible to come up with a way to see how life and how many intelligence just
how life and how many intelligence just
how life and how many intelligence just might work in this 18th century kind of
might work in this 18th century kind of
might work in this 18th century kind of way but for us it’s a little more
way but for us it’s a little more
way but for us it’s a little more complicated these days when we want to
complicated these days when we want to
complicated these days when we want to look at models of artificial
look at models of artificial
look at models of artificial intelligence when I put artificial
intelligence when I put artificial
intelligence when I put artificial intelligence into Google I get images
intelligence into Google I get images
intelligence into Google I get images like this the kind of cyborg II what is
like this the kind of cyborg II what is
like this the kind of cyborg II what is AI I like these this sort of robot
AI I like these this sort of robot
AI I like these this sort of robot hand-holding robots on the jobsite can
hand-holding robots on the jobsite can
hand-holding robots on the jobsite can get other images like this I think this
get other images like this I think this
get other images like this I think this might be jQuery but I’m not sure not
might be jQuery but I’m not sure not
might be jQuery but I’m not sure not sure how intelligent that really is but
sure how intelligent that really is but
sure how intelligent that really is but that’s probably a different story you
that’s probably a different story you
that’s probably a different story you see the dystopian images right you see
see the dystopian images right you see
see the dystopian images right you see the scary security camera and what could
the scary security camera and what could
the scary security camera and what could that mean
that mean
that mean you see interfaces in a scary world like
you see interfaces in a scary world like
you see interfaces in a scary world like Minority Report and you know the
Minority Report and you know the
Minority Report and you know the beautiful movements and translucency on
beautiful movements and translucency on
beautiful movements and translucency on one hand but on the other it’s a really
one hand but on the other it’s a really
one hand but on the other it’s a really dark place and if we’re going to go dark
dark place and if we’re going to go dark
dark place and if we’re going to go dark and talk about movies and AI we’ve got
and talk about movies and AI we’ve got
and talk about movies and AI we’ve got to go to Hal Hal 9000 whose words I’m
to go to Hal Hal 9000 whose words I’m
to go to Hal Hal 9000 whose words I’m sorry Dave
sorry Dave
sorry Dave I can’t do that terrified everybody I
I can’t do that terrified everybody I
I can’t do that terrified everybody I won’t leave you at dark we can also
won’t leave you at dark we can also
won’t leave you at dark we can also revisit some robot sidekicks I’m of the
revisit some robot sidekicks I’m of the
revisit some robot sidekicks I’m of the age where number five is alive was
age where number five is alive was
age where number five is alive was actually something that we cared about I
actually something that we cared about I
actually something that we cared about I suspect they’re about five people in the
suspect they’re about five people in the
suspect they’re about five people in the room who know what I’m talking about
room who know what I’m talking about
room who know what I’m talking about there on the left with Ally Sheedy
there on the left with Ally Sheedy
there on the left with Ally Sheedy in short circuit and maybe more of you
in short circuit and maybe more of you
in short circuit and maybe more of you know Marvin the depressed robot from
know Marvin the depressed robot from
know Marvin the depressed robot from reading The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the
reading The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the
reading The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the galaxy books voiced in the more recent
galaxy books voiced in the more recent
galaxy books voiced in the more recent movie by Alan Rickman
movie by Alan Rickman
movie by Alan Rickman but the question is how do we get beyond
but the question is how do we get beyond
but the question is how do we get beyond the cliches and hear it steam you there
the cliches and hear it steam you there
the cliches and hear it steam you there are interesting approaches to that
are interesting approaches to that
are interesting approaches to that question a lot of them happening here in
question a lot of them happening here in
question a lot of them happening here in HCI for instance people like John
HCI for instance people like John
HCI for instance people like John Zimmerman and Jody for Lizzie and Xian
Zimmerman and Jody for Lizzie and Xian
Zimmerman and Jody for Lizzie and Xian yang are working on the question of how
yang are working on the question of how
yang are working on the question of how AI can become material for designers and
AI can become material for designers and
AI can become material for designers and it’s true we need to find a way for AI
it’s true we need to find a way for AI
it’s true we need to find a way for AI to become material for designers it’s
to become material for designers it’s
to become material for designers it’s very difficult for them to get much work
very difficult for them to get much work
very difficult for them to get much work done in AI otherwise but that’s kind of
done in AI otherwise but that’s kind of
done in AI otherwise but that’s kind of not what I’m interested in so I want to
not what I’m interested in so I want to
not what I’m interested in so I want to flip it around and say what can design
flip it around and say what can design
flip it around and say what can design bring to AI so I’ve got five
bring to AI so I’ve got five
bring to AI so I’ve got five provocations for you five ideas that I
provocations for you five ideas that I
provocations for you five ideas that I think that AI and machine learning might
think that AI and machine learning might
think that AI and machine learning might be able to look over toward design and
be able to look over toward design and
be able to look over toward design and architecture in the way that we approach
architecture in the way that we approach
architecture in the way that we approach our our modes of problem-solving and
our our modes of problem-solving and
our our modes of problem-solving and make things real in the world so the
make things real in the world so the
make things real in the world so the first one is constraints and context I
first one is constraints and context I
first one is constraints and context I know that everybody out there who has
know that everybody out there who has
know that everybody out there who has ever done a design project really wants
ever done a design project really wants
ever done a design project really wants that blue sky you know all the money
that blue sky you know all the money
that blue sky you know all the money best-ever client no client coolest tech
best-ever client no client coolest tech
best-ever client no client coolest tech you’ve got it biggest team but the fact
you’ve got it biggest team but the fact
you’ve got it biggest team but the fact is that’s not how we work we know that
is that’s not how we work we know that
is that’s not how we work we know that all design is about framing and
all design is about framing and
all design is about framing and reframing and constraints and context
reframing and constraints and context
reframing and constraints and context it’s about fitting things into boxes and
it’s about fitting things into boxes and
it’s about fitting things into boxes and pushing at the edges and that is what
pushing at the edges and that is what
pushing at the edges and that is what makes really exciting design number two
makes really exciting design number two
makes really exciting design number two is visualization since the 1960’s
is visualization since the 1960’s
is visualization since the 1960’s architects have been visualizing the
architects have been visualizing the
architects have been visualizing the structure of design problems if anyone
structure of design problems if anyone
structure of design problems if anyone here is familiar with Christopher
here is familiar with Christopher
here is familiar with Christopher Alexander who later wrote the book a
Alexander who later wrote the book a
Alexander who later wrote the book a pattern language he used math he used
pattern language he used math he used
pattern language he used math he used graph theory and different visualization
graph theory and different visualization
graph theory and different visualization schemes to understand what complex
schemes to understand what complex
schemes to understand what complex design problems were we could take
design problems were we could take
design problems were we could take something like this these are this is
something like this these are this is
something like this these are this is some code for sorting algorithm
some code for sorting algorithm
some code for sorting algorithm visualization and a lot of people in
visualization and a lot of people in
visualization and a lot of people in this room can look at the code in the
this room can look at the code in the
this room can look at the code in the comments and know totally what’s going
comments and know totally what’s going
comments and know totally what’s going on and a lot more people who are taking
on and a lot more people who are taking
on and a lot more people who are taking computer science right now are grappling
computer science right now are grappling
computer science right now are grappling with these algorithms on their own I’m
with these algorithms on their own I’m
with these algorithms on their own I’m going to warn you the next slide
going to warn you the next slide
going to warn you the next slide flickers a lot so if you’re someone who
flickers a lot so if you’re someone who
flickers a lot so if you’re someone who needs a moment
needs a moment
needs a moment to shield your eyes please do that but
to shield your eyes please do that but
to shield your eyes please do that but there’s also this moment this this kind
there’s also this moment this this kind
there’s also this moment this this kind of way of visualizing a sorting
of way of visualizing a sorting
of way of visualizing a sorting algorithm satisfying there we go but
algorithm satisfying there we go but
algorithm satisfying there we go but it’s it’s a fascinating way to
it’s it’s a fascinating way to
it’s it’s a fascinating way to understand what the sorting algorithm is
understand what the sorting algorithm is
understand what the sorting algorithm is that it’s taking one from here and
that it’s taking one from here and
that it’s taking one from here and putting it at the end and vice versa and
putting it at the end and vice versa and
putting it at the end and vice versa and then BOOM level up to your next sorting
then BOOM level up to your next sorting
then BOOM level up to your next sorting algorithm this beautiful visualization
algorithm this beautiful visualization
algorithm this beautiful visualization is visualization of galaxies it’s a
is visualization of galaxies it’s a
is visualization of galaxies it’s a visualization of neural nets and it was
visualization of neural nets and it was
visualization of neural nets and it was an onion it was it’s a it’s a
an onion it was it’s a it’s a
an onion it was it’s a it’s a visualization of a neural network and
visualization of a neural network and
visualization of a neural network and showing the relationships of information
showing the relationships of information
showing the relationships of information about galaxies so the nodes that have
about galaxies so the nodes that have
about galaxies so the nodes that have heavier lines are more recent
heavier lines are more recent
heavier lines are more recent information and then the older the older
information and then the older the older
information and then the older the older material as the algorithm parses it is
material as the algorithm parses it is
material as the algorithm parses it is what follows away
number three is transparency the kind of
number three is transparency the kind of design that we do and that we teach here
design that we do and that we teach here
design that we do and that we teach here at Carnegie Mellon is human centered
at Carnegie Mellon is human centered
at Carnegie Mellon is human centered design this is something that we’re
design this is something that we’re
design this is something that we’re doing in the School of Design in our
doing in the School of Design in our
doing in the School of Design in our design research methods classes and we
design research methods classes and we
design research methods classes and we go out and we try and figure out what
go out and we try and figure out what
go out and we try and figure out what people are really doing in the world
people are really doing in the world
people are really doing in the world what where do they work where do they
what where do they work where do they
what where do they work where do they live what problems are they trying to
live what problems are they trying to
live what problems are they trying to solve and I think that that kind of
solve and I think that that kind of
solve and I think that that kind of knowledge if you bring it back to
knowledge if you bring it back to
knowledge if you bring it back to problems of artificial intelligence and
problems of artificial intelligence and
problems of artificial intelligence and data start to help you with the problems
data start to help you with the problems
data start to help you with the problems of bias so for instance you could you
of bias so for instance you could you
of bias so for instance you could you could better sort out the gender biases
could better sort out the gender biases
could better sort out the gender biases in corpuses of words there was a recent
in corpuses of words there was a recent
in corpuses of words there was a recent situation for example with with the
situation for example with with the
situation for example with with the corpus of data that came from Google
corpus of data that came from Google
corpus of data that came from Google News and you’d think that Google News
News and you’d think that Google News
News and you’d think that Google News might well maybe after fake news you
might well maybe after fake news you
might well maybe after fake news you don’t think this anymore but Google News
don’t think this anymore but Google News
don’t think this anymore but Google News would have maybe less biased
would have maybe less biased
would have maybe less biased representations between words but if you
representations between words but if you
representations between words but if you can think back to the kind of analogies
can think back to the kind of analogies
can think back to the kind of analogies that you would form Paris is to France
that you would form Paris is to France
that you would form Paris is to France as Tokyo is to Japan okay fine that
as Tokyo is to Japan okay fine that
as Tokyo is to Japan okay fine that makes sense but may
makes sense but may
makes sense but may is to computer programmer as women is to
is to computer programmer as women is to
is to computer programmer as women is to what
what
what and this particular corpus produced
and this particular corpus produced
and this particular corpus produced homemaker and that can be troubling so
homemaker and that can be troubling so
homemaker and that can be troubling so there there are different ways to work
there there are different ways to work
there there are different ways to work against that but one thing that we can
against that but one thing that we can
against that but one thing that we can begin to do is use some of the
begin to do is use some of the
begin to do is use some of the mechanisms that we use in design weather
mechanisms that we use in design weather
mechanisms that we use in design weather design research and user centered design
design research and user centered design
design research and user centered design methods to surface and make things more
methods to surface and make things more
methods to surface and make things more transparent the fourth is embodiment and
transparent the fourth is embodiment and
transparent the fourth is embodiment and certainly the story of Yin at the
certainly the story of Yin at the
certainly the story of Yin at the artificer and the defecating duck are
artificer and the defecating duck are
artificer and the defecating duck are questions of embodiment designers
questions of embodiment designers
questions of embodiment designers manifesting things in form and in
manifesting things in form and in
manifesting things in form and in mechanism I like looking back to this
mechanism I like looking back to this
mechanism I like looking back to this example from Nicholas Negroponte II who
example from Nicholas Negroponte II who
example from Nicholas Negroponte II who is the founder of the MIT Media Lab and
is the founder of the MIT Media Lab and
is the founder of the MIT Media Lab and in a past life before he did that he
in a past life before he did that he
in a past life before he did that he founded something called the
founded something called the
founded something called the architecture machine group and he wrote
architecture machine group and he wrote
architecture machine group and he wrote a book called the architecture machine
a book called the architecture machine
a book called the architecture machine in 1970 that was a theory about
in 1970 that was a theory about
in 1970 that was a theory about artificial intelligence and design he
artificial intelligence and design he
artificial intelligence and design he dedicated the book to the first machine
dedicated the book to the first machine
dedicated the book to the first machine that can appreciate the gesture and he
that can appreciate the gesture and he
that can appreciate the gesture and he wrote something that I keep coming back
wrote something that I keep coming back
wrote something that I keep coming back to over and over and over again
to over and over and over again
to over and over and over again he wrote it is so obvious that our
he wrote it is so obvious that our
he wrote it is so obvious that our interfaces that is our bodies are
interfaces that is our bodies are
interfaces that is our bodies are intimately related to learning into how
intimately related to learning into how
intimately related to learning into how we learn that one point of departure in
we learn that one point of departure in
we learn that one point of departure in artificial intelligence is to
artificial intelligence is to
artificial intelligence is to concentrate specifically on the
concentrate specifically on the
concentrate specifically on the interfaces does a machine need to have
interfaces does a machine need to have
interfaces does a machine need to have possess a body like my own or be able to
possess a body like my own or be able to
possess a body like my own or be able to experience behaviors like my own in
experience behaviors like my own in
experience behaviors like my own in order to share in what we call
order to share in what we call
order to share in what we call intelligent behavior well the answer may
intelligent behavior well the answer may
intelligent behavior well the answer may be mild may seem absurd I believe the
be mild may seem absurd I believe the
be mild may seem absurd I believe the answer is yes I think there’s something
answer is yes I think there’s something
answer is yes I think there’s something there for us to consider in our
there for us to consider in our
there for us to consider in our relationship with ourselves and what we
relationship with ourselves and what we
relationship with ourselves and what we make and artificial intelligence in this
make and artificial intelligence in this
make and artificial intelligence in this old statement and the fifth area is
old statement and the fifth area is
old statement and the fifth area is craft designers craft so do coders lots
craft designers craft so do coders lots
craft designers craft so do coders lots of us craft and a lot of times we think
of us craft and a lot of times we think
of us craft and a lot of times we think of craft as the guy with the crazy beard
of craft as the guy with the crazy beard
of craft as the guy with the crazy beard in the woodshop and all of the sandpaper
in the woodshop and all of the sandpaper
in the woodshop and all of the sandpaper and the lathe or maybe it’s paper and
and the lathe or maybe it’s paper and
and the lathe or maybe it’s paper and tape and the exacto knife and the
tape and the exacto knife and the
tape and the exacto knife and the self-healing board and cutting something
self-healing board and cutting something
self-healing board and cutting something together and making something in that
together and making something in that
together and making something in that way or maybe it’s using even the
way or maybe it’s using even the
way or maybe it’s using even the traditional tools from architecture in
traditional tools from architecture in
traditional tools from architecture in this case architectural drawing that we
this case architectural drawing that we
this case architectural drawing that we start using as a method of craft but
start using as a method of craft but
start using as a method of craft but then maybe we also look at how the
then maybe we also look at how the
then maybe we also look at how the algorithm can become craft itself this
algorithm can become craft itself this
algorithm can become craft itself this is the newest Philharmonia it’s the
is the newest Philharmonia it’s the
is the newest Philharmonia it’s the Elbphilharmonie in a Hamburg Germany
Elbphilharmonie in a Hamburg Germany
Elbphilharmonie in a Hamburg Germany designed by Hertzog and de marrón and
designed by Hertzog and de marrón and
designed by Hertzog and de marrón and it just opened in January 2017 it’s a
it just opened in January 2017 it’s a
it just opened in January 2017 it’s a beautiful beautiful concert hall but
beautiful beautiful concert hall but
beautiful beautiful concert hall but more notable even is the surfaces of the
more notable even is the surfaces of the
more notable even is the surfaces of the conference hall a concert hall you’ll
conference hall a concert hall you’ll
conference hall a concert hall you’ll notice that there are numerous little
notice that there are numerous little
notice that there are numerous little channels here there are 10,000
channels here there are 10,000
channels here there are 10,000 individual panels each of them
individual panels each of them
individual panels each of them individually determined through various
individually determined through various
individually determined through various algorithmic design choices and moreover
algorithmic design choices and moreover
algorithmic design choices and moreover it was done inked in concert no pun
it was done inked in concert no pun
it was done inked in concert no pun intended with Yoshii so Toyota who’s one
intended with Yoshii so Toyota who’s one
intended with Yoshii so Toyota who’s one of the world’s greatest acoustic hosts
of the world’s greatest acoustic hosts
of the world’s greatest acoustic hosts ditions and their individually placed
ditions and their individually placed
ditions and their individually placed around the conference hall concert hall
around the conference hall concert hall
around the conference hall concert hall to make a very very special special
to make a very very special special
to make a very very special special surface I think it’s worth noting that
surface I think it’s worth noting that
surface I think it’s worth noting that the last piece they played on opening
the last piece they played on opening
the last piece they played on opening night was Beethoven’s Ode to Joy you
night was Beethoven’s Ode to Joy you
night was Beethoven’s Ode to Joy you could imagine how it would ring in the
could imagine how it would ring in the
could imagine how it would ring in the air when they finished so where does
air when they finished so where does
air when they finished so where does this leave us again I keep coming back
this leave us again I keep coming back
this leave us again I keep coming back to old figures people like herb Simon
to old figures people like herb Simon
to old figures people like herb Simon and Alan Newell who were on this very
and Alan Newell who were on this very
and Alan Newell who were on this very campus and it JCR Licklider and these
campus and it JCR Licklider and these
campus and it JCR Licklider and these these three gentlemen did a lot to put
these three gentlemen did a lot to put
these three gentlemen did a lot to put in place paradigms for artificial
in place paradigms for artificial
in place paradigms for artificial intelligence that we still talk about
intelligence that we still talk about
intelligence that we still talk about today they also believed it was going to
today they also believed it was going to
today they also believed it was going to be way easier to get it right Simon and
be way easier to get it right Simon and
be way easier to get it right Simon and Newell believed in 1959 that they
Newell believed in 1959 that they
Newell believed in 1959 that they thought it would only be a couple years
thought it would only be a couple years
thought it would only be a couple years before they could completely model the
before they could completely model the
before they could completely model the human brain and solve the problems of
human brain and solve the problems of
human brain and solve the problems of artificial intelligence JCR Licklider in
artificial intelligence JCR Licklider in
artificial intelligence JCR Licklider in 1960-61 wrote a piece called man
1960-61 wrote a piece called man
1960-61 wrote a piece called man computer symbiosis and we still talk
computer symbiosis and we still talk
computer symbiosis and we still talk about human consuming computer symbiosis
about human consuming computer symbiosis
about human consuming computer symbiosis as the desired end outcome for
as the desired end outcome for
as the desired end outcome for artificial intelligence but we’re still
artificial intelligence but we’re still
artificial intelligence but we’re still not there yet and I think that if we’re
not there yet and I think that if we’re
not there yet and I think that if we’re to look ahead to these different kinds
to look ahead to these different kinds
to look ahead to these different kinds of treatments and I
of treatments and I
of treatments and I is that designers might be able to bring
is that designers might be able to bring
is that designers might be able to bring to the equation that architects could
to the equation that architects could
to the equation that architects could bring to the equation and the
bring to the equation and the
bring to the equation and the collaboration could if we start looking
collaboration could if we start looking
collaboration could if we start looking at constraints and ways to frame
at constraints and ways to frame
at constraints and ways to frame problems if we start looking at how we
problems if we start looking at how we
problems if we start looking at how we might visualize ways that we could be
might visualize ways that we could be
might visualize ways that we could be ethical and transparent if we started
ethical and transparent if we started
ethical and transparent if we started looking at different methods for for
looking at different methods for for
looking at different methods for for crafting and different methods for
crafting and different methods for
crafting and different methods for bringing things to bear I think we may
bringing things to bear I think we may
bringing things to bear I think we may be in a better place thank you
be in a better place thank you
be in a better place thank you [Applause]
”
Be First to Comment