a few months ago I read a story in the local newspaper reporters had left
local newspaper reporters had left
local newspaper reporters had left letters on the street all around the
letters on the street all around the
letters on the street all around the city and they wanted to see how many
city and they wanted to see how many
city and they wanted to see how many letters were returned to the mailbox so
letters were returned to the mailbox so
letters were returned to the mailbox so they wanted to see how kind have people
they wanted to see how kind have people
they wanted to see how kind have people in Helsinki really are towards each
in Helsinki really are towards each
in Helsinki really are towards each other and there was a really cool
other and there was a really cool
other and there was a really cool experiment a lot of the letters were put
experiment a lot of the letters were put
experiment a lot of the letters were put into the mailbox so people were kind and
into the mailbox so people were kind and
into the mailbox so people were kind and friendly towards each other but what
friendly towards each other but what
friendly towards each other but what sort of struck me was the headline of
sort of struck me was the headline of
sort of struck me was the headline of the story because it read something
the story because it read something
the story because it read something along the lines of a surprising amount
along the lines of a surprising amount
along the lines of a surprising amount of letters were returned to the mailbox
of letters were returned to the mailbox
of letters were returned to the mailbox and this got me thinking why are we
and this got me thinking why are we
and this got me thinking why are we surprised when people act kindly why is
surprised when people act kindly why is
surprised when people act kindly why is it surprising that people helped each
it surprising that people helped each
it surprising that people helped each other and why do we expect the worst
other and why do we expect the worst
other and why do we expect the worst from each other so in light of this I
from each other so in light of this I
from each other so in light of this I might have a slightly difficult task
might have a slightly difficult task
might have a slightly difficult task ahead of me tonight because I’m going to
ahead of me tonight because I’m going to
ahead of me tonight because I’m going to try to convince you that people are
try to convince you that people are
try to convince you that people are actually inherently generous inherently
actually inherently generous inherently
actually inherently generous inherently friendly and inherently kind towards
friendly and inherently kind towards
friendly and inherently kind towards each other now we do have a very good
each other now we do have a very good
each other now we do have a very good reason to kind of expect the worst from
reason to kind of expect the worst from
reason to kind of expect the worst from each other on days like this and in
each other on days like this and in
each other on days like this and in general on a day to day basis were faced
general on a day to day basis were faced
general on a day to day basis were faced with evidence and stories about human
with evidence and stories about human
with evidence and stories about human hatred human animosity and human greed
hatred human animosity and human greed
hatred human animosity and human greed which maybe leads us to conclude that
which maybe leads us to conclude that
which maybe leads us to conclude that humans are wolves to humans and accept
humans are wolves to humans and accept
humans are wolves to humans and accept this as a fundamental truth about human
this as a fundamental truth about human
this as a fundamental truth about human nature
nature
nature but I suggest that this evening even
but I suggest that this evening even
but I suggest that this evening even just for the next 10 minutes or so we
just for the next 10 minutes or so we
just for the next 10 minutes or so we take a small vacation from this story
take a small vacation from this story
take a small vacation from this story about human nature and visit another
about human nature and visit another
about human nature and visit another story that is quite different but I
story that is quite different but I
story that is quite different but I propose equally true
propose equally true
propose equally true and why don’t we even start with the
and why don’t we even start with the
and why don’t we even start with the wolves because wolves aren’t selfish who
wolves because wolves aren’t selfish who
wolves because wolves aren’t selfish who aren’t mean first of all they’re super
aren’t mean first of all they’re super
aren’t mean first of all they’re super cute and they’re pack animals wolves
cute and they’re pack animals wolves
cute and they’re pack animals wolves work together they need to collaborate
work together they need to collaborate
work together they need to collaborate in order to survive they hunt together
in order to survive they hunt together
in order to survive they hunt together they share food they routinely make
they share food they routinely make
they share food they routinely make decisions that benefit others instead of
decisions that benefit others instead of
decisions that benefit others instead of only themselves and you know what humans
only themselves and you know what humans
only themselves and you know what humans are pack animals too it has been
are pack animals too it has been
are pack animals too it has been suggested that the only reason we still
suggested that the only reason we still
suggested that the only reason we still exist as a species is because we are
exist as a species is because we are
exist as a species is because we are able to collaborate because we’re able
able to collaborate because we’re able
able to collaborate because we’re able to share because we like helping each
to share because we like helping each
to share because we like helping each other and being kind and perhaps as a
other and being kind and perhaps as a
other and being kind and perhaps as a result our brains hosts a wide array of
result our brains hosts a wide array of
result our brains hosts a wide array of mechanisms that are devoted for
mechanisms that are devoted for
mechanisms that are devoted for connecting to other people for
connecting to other people for
connecting to other people for understanding other people on the level
understanding other people on the level
understanding other people on the level of thoughts and on the level of feelings
of thoughts and on the level of feelings
of thoughts and on the level of feelings for example we have brain mechanisms
for example we have brain mechanisms
for example we have brain mechanisms that make emotions super contagious
that make emotions super contagious
that make emotions super contagious they’ve done these studies where they
they’ve done these studies where they
they’ve done these studies where they put a person in the brain scanner and
put a person in the brain scanner and
put a person in the brain scanner and then they show them terrible pictures of
then they show them terrible pictures of
then they show them terrible pictures of someone like cutting their finger with
someone like cutting their finger with
someone like cutting their finger with scissors or stubbing their toe painfully
scissors or stubbing their toe painfully
scissors or stubbing their toe painfully and what happens is that the pain areas
and what happens is that the pain areas
and what happens is that the pain areas of the person viewing these pictures
of the person viewing these pictures
of the person viewing these pictures light up which means that in some
light up which means that in some
light up which means that in some situations in some contexts our brains
situations in some contexts our brains
situations in some contexts our brains don’t understand that we are two
don’t understand that we are two
don’t understand that we are two different people and that your pain is
different people and that your pain is
different people and that your pain is exactly the same as my pain which to me
exactly the same as my pain which to me
exactly the same as my pain which to me is a super beautiful thought we also
is a super beautiful thought we also
is a super beautiful thought we also have several mechanisms in the brain
have several mechanisms in the brain
have several mechanisms in the brain that have kind of rigged us for kindness
that have kind of rigged us for kindness
that have kind of rigged us for kindness but I’ve rigged us to enjoy helping each
but I’ve rigged us to enjoy helping each
but I’ve rigged us to enjoy helping each other and being kind and it’s these
other and being kind and it’s these
other and being kind and it’s these mechanisms that I intend to speak about
mechanisms that I intend to speak about
mechanisms that I intend to speak about at a greater length this evening because
at a greater length this evening because
at a greater length this evening because I believe that understanding these
I believe that understanding these
I believe that understanding these mechanisms might create more
mechanisms might create more
mechanisms might create more opportunities for us to utilize them to
opportunities for us to utilize them to
opportunities for us to utilize them to create opportunities for kindness to
create opportunities for kindness to
create opportunities for kindness to emerge so I’m going to talk about three
emerge so I’m going to talk about three
emerge so I’m going to talk about three studies that I find super interesting
studies that I find super interesting
studies that I find super interesting the kind of shed light on what it is to
the kind of shed light on what it is to
the kind of shed light on what it is to be kind or the neural basis of kindness
be kind or the neural basis of kindness
be kind or the neural basis of kindness the first one explains what kind of
the first one explains what kind of
the first one explains what kind of place kindness has in our minds what
place kindness has in our minds what
place kindness has in our minds what kind of place it has in in basic human
kind of place it has in in basic human
kind of place it has in in basic human nature the second study tells a story
nature the second study tells a story
nature the second study tells a story about what happens in the brain when we
about what happens in the brain when we
about what happens in the brain when we act kindly and the third study tells
act kindly and the third study tells
act kindly and the third study tells about why answer to the question why
about why answer to the question why
about why answer to the question why what what motivates people to act kindly
what what motivates people to act kindly
what what motivates people to act kindly why do we choose to kind of work for the
why do we choose to kind of work for the
why do we choose to kind of work for the good of others perhaps at a cost to
good of others perhaps at a cost to
good of others perhaps at a cost to other to ourselves so onto the first
other to ourselves so onto the first
other to ourselves so onto the first piece of evidence it’s this study
piece of evidence it’s this study
piece of evidence it’s this study conducted by fantastically talented
conducted by fantastically talented
conducted by fantastically talented researchers who were interested in what
researchers who were interested in what
researchers who were interested in what happens to people when they’re not able
happens to people when they’re not able
happens to people when they’re not able to control themselves so researchers
to control themselves so researchers
to control themselves so researchers wanted to know like what types of animal
wanted to know like what types of animal
wanted to know like what types of animal impulses arise when people aren’t able
impulses arise when people aren’t able
impulses arise when people aren’t able to control themselves or inhibit these
to control themselves or inhibit these
to control themselves or inhibit these impulses how do we behave towards each
impulses how do we behave towards each
impulses how do we behave towards each other when there is no self-control
other when there is no self-control
other when there is no self-control so in order to answer this question they
so in order to answer this question they
so in order to answer this question they sort of shut down the parts of the brain
sort of shut down the parts of the brain
sort of shut down the parts of the brain that are responsible for self-control
that are responsible for self-control
that are responsible for self-control and they had the participants play a
and they had the participants play a
and they had the participants play a game where they could distribute money
game where they could distribute money
game where they could distribute money to others now what they found was that
to others now what they found was that
to others now what they found was that the participants were no longer able to
the participants were no longer able to
the participants were no longer able to inhibit themselves became more generous
inhibit themselves became more generous
inhibit themselves became more generous towards others towards strangers now if
towards others towards strangers now if
towards others towards strangers now if you stop to think about this result for
you stop to think about this result for
you stop to think about this result for a moment it’s actually pretty beautiful
a moment it’s actually pretty beautiful
a moment it’s actually pretty beautiful and the researchers stated that it might
and the researchers stated that it might
and the researchers stated that it might mean that generosity the willingness to
mean that generosity the willingness to
mean that generosity the willingness to share is the default state of the human
share is the default state of the human
share is the default state of the human brain that this is how we’re wired in a
brain that this is how we’re wired in a
brain that this is how we’re wired in a fundamental way and that if we want to
fundamental way and that if we want to
fundamental way and that if we want to act selfishly this is what self-control
act selfishly this is what self-control
act selfishly this is what self-control is needed for to stave off our natural
is needed for to stave off our natural
is needed for to stave off our natural selfless impulses my second piece of
selfless impulses my second piece of
selfless impulses my second piece of evidence is here in this study
evidence is here in this study
evidence is here in this study researchers want to know what happens in
researchers want to know what happens in
researchers want to know what happens in our brains when we decide to act kindly
our brains when we decide to act kindly
our brains when we decide to act kindly so they had participants and they split
so they had participants and they split
so they had participants and they split them into two groups
them into two groups
them into two groups they gave both groups of both
they gave both groups of both
they gave both groups of both participants because both groups of
participants because both groups of
participants because both groups of participants a certain sum of money and
participants a certain sum of money and
participants a certain sum of money and they were meant to spend the sum of
they were meant to spend the sum of
they were meant to spend the sum of money
money
money the next four weeks they had one group
the next four weeks they had one group
the next four weeks they had one group act selfishly or promise to act
act selfishly or promise to act
act selfishly or promise to act selfishly and spend all the money on
selfishly and spend all the money on
selfishly and spend all the money on themselves
themselves
themselves then they had the selfless group who
then they had the selfless group who
then they had the selfless group who made a promise to spend the money only
made a promise to spend the money only
made a promise to spend the money only on other human beings and after they
on other human beings and after they
on other human beings and after they made this promise they took the
made this promise they took the
made this promise they took the participants and put them in the brain
participants and put them in the brain
participants and put them in the brain scanner where they could play a game
scanner where they could play a game
scanner where they could play a game where they could either make selfish or
where they could either make selfish or
where they could either make selfish or selfless decisions now what they found
selfless decisions now what they found
selfless decisions now what they found was that immediately after deciding to
was that immediately after deciding to
was that immediately after deciding to act either selfishly or selflessly there
act either selfishly or selflessly there
act either selfishly or selflessly there were differences in how how people made
were differences in how how people made
were differences in how how people made these decisions in the tax tasks that
these decisions in the tax tasks that
these decisions in the tax tasks that they were doing in the brain scanner so
they were doing in the brain scanner so
they were doing in the brain scanner so the people who had just made a promise
the people who had just made a promise
the people who had just made a promise to help others to give all the money to
to help others to give all the money to
to help others to give all the money to others to buy others things also made
others to buy others things also made
others to buy others things also made more selfless decisions in the tasks
more selfless decisions in the tasks
more selfless decisions in the tasks they did in the scanner they also
they did in the scanner they also
they did in the scanner they also reported increased feelings of happiness
reported increased feelings of happiness
reported increased feelings of happiness as a result of the decision and
as a result of the decision and
as a result of the decision and furthermore when they made selfless
furthermore when they made selfless
furthermore when they made selfless decisions in the brain scanner the parts
decisions in the brain scanner the parts
decisions in the brain scanner the parts of the brain that are important for
of the brain that are important for
of the brain that are important for feelings of reward and pleasure became
feelings of reward and pleasure became
feelings of reward and pleasure became active so it means that by creating a
active so it means that by creating a
active so it means that by creating a kind mindset you promote kind of
kind mindset you promote kind of
kind mindset you promote kind of behavior instantly and and your brain
behavior instantly and and your brain
behavior instantly and and your brain starts rewarding you for it so it’s like
starts rewarding you for it so it’s like
starts rewarding you for it so it’s like this beautiful loop that you can create
this beautiful loop that you can create
this beautiful loop that you can create just by by the assuming a kind of
just by by the assuming a kind of
just by by the assuming a kind of mindset and acting kindly towards others
mindset and acting kindly towards others
mindset and acting kindly towards others my last and final piece of evidence
my last and final piece of evidence
my last and final piece of evidence about the selfless nature of human
about the selfless nature of human
about the selfless nature of human beings is this one and here scientists
beings is this one and here scientists
beings is this one and here scientists were interested in the question of why
were interested in the question of why
were interested in the question of why do we act kindly towards others when it
do we act kindly towards others when it
do we act kindly towards others when it often comes at a cost to ourselves why
often comes at a cost to ourselves why
often comes at a cost to ourselves why do we choose to help others and
do we choose to help others and
do we choose to help others and generates thought that there are two
generates thought that there are two
generates thought that there are two main reasons why people help others
main reasons why people help others
main reasons why people help others number one is fairness
number one is fairness
number one is fairness so someone does something kind to me and
so someone does something kind to me and
so someone does something kind to me and then I pay back I’m kind to you so I
then I pay back I’m kind to you so I
then I pay back I’m kind to you so I reciprocate and number two is empathy so
reciprocate and number two is empathy so
reciprocate and number two is empathy so when I see someone else in pain it
when I see someone else in pain it
when I see someone else in pain it causes personal distress and I decide to
causes personal distress and I decide to
causes personal distress and I decide to do something kind to kind of resolve the
do something kind to kind of resolve the
do something kind to kind of resolve the situation
situation
situation now in this study scientists were
now in this study scientists were
now in this study scientists were interested in whether this is true
interested in whether this is true
interested in whether this is true whether we have these two roots to kind
whether we have these two roots to kind
whether we have these two roots to kind actions and whether the mechanisms that
actions and whether the mechanisms that
actions and whether the mechanisms that create these motives are somehow
create these motives are somehow
create these motives are somehow separate in the brain so in order to
separate in the brain so in order to
separate in the brain so in order to investigate this scientists had to of
investigate this scientists had to of
investigate this scientists had to of course cause or generate feelings of
course cause or generate feelings of
course cause or generate feelings of either fairness or empathy in the
either fairness or empathy in the
either fairness or empathy in the participants and they did this by
participants and they did this by
participants and they did this by dividing the participants into two
dividing the participants into two
dividing the participants into two groups they had the fairness group and
groups they had the fairness group and
groups they had the fairness group and the empathy group and then they induced
the empathy group and then they induced
the empathy group and then they induced feelings of either fairness or empathy
feelings of either fairness or empathy
feelings of either fairness or empathy with the help of electric shocks it’s
with the help of electric shocks it’s
with the help of electric shocks it’s very easy perhaps also speak something
very easy perhaps also speak something
very easy perhaps also speak something about the kindness of the experimenters
about the kindness of the experimenters
about the kindness of the experimenters allow me to explain so if you were in
allow me to explain so if you were in
allow me to explain so if you were in them in the empathy group they took you
them in the empathy group they took you
them in the empathy group they took you into a room or the participant into a
into a room or the participant into a
into a room or the participant into a room with two other people who were in
room with two other people who were in
room with two other people who were in on the plan
on the plan
on the plan and the participant sat there and one of
and the participant sat there and one of
and the participant sat there and one of the persons was shocked with terribly
the persons was shocked with terribly
the persons was shocked with terribly painful electric shocks the participant
painful electric shocks the participant
painful electric shocks the participant herself was shocked with moderately
herself was shocked with moderately
herself was shocked with moderately painful electric shocks and the third
painful electric shocks and the third
painful electric shocks and the third person wasn’t shocked at all
person wasn’t shocked at all
person wasn’t shocked at all so the idea was that seeing someone in
so the idea was that seeing someone in
so the idea was that seeing someone in pain and and knowing what that pain
pain and and knowing what that pain
pain and and knowing what that pain feels like would cause me to experience
feels like would cause me to experience
feels like would cause me to experience feelings of empathy towards the person
feelings of empathy towards the person
feelings of empathy towards the person in pain very efficient now in the
in pain very efficient now in the
in pain very efficient now in the fairness group the situation was similar
fairness group the situation was similar
fairness group the situation was similar so there were two people alongside the
so there were two people alongside the
so there were two people alongside the participant in a room but now the
participant in a room but now the
participant in a room but now the participant was super unlucky because
participant was super unlucky because
participant was super unlucky because they were the ones getting the most
they were the ones getting the most
they were the ones getting the most painful electric shocks another person
painful electric shocks another person
painful electric shocks another person was getting only moderately painful
was getting only moderately painful
was getting only moderately painful electric shocks not third person no
electric shocks not third person no
electric shocks not third person no shocks at all and the trick to induce
shocks at all and the trick to induce
shocks at all and the trick to induce fairness here was that the person
fairness here was that the person
fairness here was that the person getting the moderately painful shocks
getting the moderately painful shocks
getting the moderately painful shocks could save the participant from getting
could save the participant from getting
could save the participant from getting shocked by giving up some of their own
shocked by giving up some of their own
shocked by giving up some of their own money so the thought was that when this
money so the thought was that when this
money so the thought was that when this person keeps saving me from getting
person keeps saving me from getting
person keeps saving me from getting those shocks I’ll see them as a really
those shocks I’ll see them as a really
those shocks I’ll see them as a really fair fair person okay are you with me so
fair fair person okay are you with me so
fair fair person okay are you with me so we have two groups you have the empathy
we have two groups you have the empathy
we have two groups you have the empathy group and the fairness group in the
group and the fairness group in the
group and the fairness group in the empathy group parties
empathy group parties
empathy group parties and start feeling empathy towards
and start feeling empathy towards
and start feeling empathy towards someone in pain in the fairness group
someone in pain in the fairness group
someone in pain in the fairness group they’re being treated fairly but another
they’re being treated fairly but another
they’re being treated fairly but another person okay then the participants were
person okay then the participants were
person okay then the participants were put into a brain scanner and the task
put into a brain scanner and the task
put into a brain scanner and the task was to divide a sum of money between the
was to divide a sum of money between the
was to divide a sum of money between the three people so you could either keep
three people so you could either keep
three people so you could either keep all the money to yourself or give some
all the money to yourself or give some
all the money to yourself or give some to the other people who just you just
to the other people who just you just
to the other people who just you just spend some excruciating minutes within
spend some excruciating minutes within
spend some excruciating minutes within the room and the perhaps not
the room and the perhaps not
the room and the perhaps not surprisingly in the empathy group the
surprisingly in the empathy group the
surprisingly in the empathy group the participants decided to give more money
participants decided to give more money
participants decided to give more money to the person they empathize with the
to the person they empathize with the
to the person they empathize with the person they’d seen in pain and in the
person they’d seen in pain and in the
person they’d seen in pain and in the fairness group the participants decided
fairness group the participants decided
fairness group the participants decided to give more money to the person who had
to give more money to the person who had
to give more money to the person who had treated them fairly and it seemed that
treated them fairly and it seemed that
treated them fairly and it seemed that these two mechanisms mechanisms were
these two mechanisms mechanisms were
these two mechanisms mechanisms were somehow separate in the brain that there
somehow separate in the brain that there
somehow separate in the brain that there are several routes to kindness in our
are several routes to kindness in our
are several routes to kindness in our brain but what if you’re just like a
brain but what if you’re just like a
brain but what if you’re just like a like a selfish person what if you were
like a selfish person what if you were
like a selfish person what if you were given the choice of like dividing a pot
given the choice of like dividing a pot
given the choice of like dividing a pot of money between the three people and go
of money between the three people and go
of money between the three people and go like well of course I’ll keep it all to
like well of course I’ll keep it all to
like well of course I’ll keep it all to myself well in this study the scientists
myself well in this study the scientists
myself well in this study the scientists identified highly selfish people and
identified highly selfish people and
identified highly selfish people and they wanted to see is there any way that
they wanted to see is there any way that
they wanted to see is there any way that we can get these people to act kindly
we can get these people to act kindly
we can get these people to act kindly and it turns out that empathy still does
and it turns out that empathy still does
and it turns out that empathy still does the trick so if you’re a super selfish
the trick so if you’re a super selfish
the trick so if you’re a super selfish person being treated fairly doesn’t
person being treated fairly doesn’t
person being treated fairly doesn’t really do anything you don’t feel the
really do anything you don’t feel the
really do anything you don’t feel the need to pay back but empathy still works
need to pay back but empathy still works
need to pay back but empathy still works so our brains have found a way to
so our brains have found a way to
so our brains have found a way to circumvent these these obstacles to
circumvent these these obstacles to
circumvent these these obstacles to kindness which to me speaks about how
kindness which to me speaks about how
kindness which to me speaks about how surprisingly resilient and powerful
surprisingly resilient and powerful
surprisingly resilient and powerful kindness is it finds a way to emerge in
kindness is it finds a way to emerge in
kindness is it finds a way to emerge in interaction and perhaps the more
interaction and perhaps the more
interaction and perhaps the more important take-home message from this
important take-home message from this
important take-home message from this particular studies that these things
particular studies that these things
particular studies that these things I’ve been speaking about like fairness
I’ve been speaking about like fairness
I’ve been speaking about like fairness and kindness and empathy they are not
and kindness and empathy they are not
and kindness and empathy they are not individual traits so they’re not
individual traits so they’re not
individual traits so they’re not individual characteristics but they
individual characteristics but they
individual characteristics but they emerge they exist in interaction
emerge they exist in interaction
emerge they exist in interaction so the really cool thing then is that
so the really cool thing then is that
so the really cool thing then is that kindness and fairness and empathy have
kindness and fairness and empathy have
kindness and fairness and empathy have the chance to emerge in any interaction
the chance to emerge in any interaction
the chance to emerge in any interaction it’s a matter of choice as participants
it’s a matter of choice as participants
it’s a matter of choice as participants of any interaction you and I can choose
of any interaction you and I can choose
of any interaction you and I can choose whether we wish to nurture these
whether we wish to nurture these
whether we wish to nurture these characteristics or not so perhaps a if
characteristics or not so perhaps a if
characteristics or not so perhaps a if summary faced with all the evidence of
summary faced with all the evidence of
summary faced with all the evidence of human nature faced with all the news and
human nature faced with all the news and
human nature faced with all the news and all the scientific evidence I don’t
all the scientific evidence I don’t
all the scientific evidence I don’t think we’re left with one truth or
think we’re left with one truth or
think we’re left with one truth or certainty about who we are what we are
certainty about who we are what we are
certainty about who we are what we are like as a species but rather a choice a
like as a species but rather a choice a
like as a species but rather a choice a choice to act we can either choose to
choice to act we can either choose to
choice to act we can either choose to listen to only the stories that speak
listen to only the stories that speak
listen to only the stories that speak about the selfish nature of human beings
about the selfish nature of human beings
about the selfish nature of human beings or we can also listen to other types of
or we can also listen to other types of
or we can also listen to other types of evidence we can also choose to see
evidence we can also choose to see
evidence we can also choose to see evidence of how we are wired for
evidence of how we are wired for
evidence of how we are wired for kindness and the very cool question is
kindness and the very cool question is
kindness and the very cool question is what happens on the level of our actions
what happens on the level of our actions
what happens on the level of our actions as a result of this choice what happens
as a result of this choice what happens
as a result of this choice what happens on the level of our feelings as a result
on the level of our feelings as a result
on the level of our feelings as a result of this choice and most importantly
of this choice and most importantly
of this choice and most importantly could we create more opportunities for
could we create more opportunities for
could we create more opportunities for kindness to emerge through rightful
kindness to emerge through rightful
kindness to emerge through rightful recognition of its place in human nature
recognition of its place in human nature
recognition of its place in human nature thank you
”
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