[Applause] see on the screen at the moment is an
see on the screen at the moment is an
see on the screen at the moment is an x-ray CT computerized tomography image
x-ray CT computerized tomography image
x-ray CT computerized tomography image going through a person from head
going through a person from head
going through a person from head somewhere Barney
somewhere Barney
somewhere Barney so he will use x-rays and we see enough
so he will use x-rays and we see enough
so he will use x-rays and we see enough manager to the leg the leg Bob’s their
bonds are talk about it is cancer
bonds are talk about it is cancer perhaps
perhaps
perhaps topic
anyway cancer starts with a single cell
anyway cancer starts with a single cell now what makes cancer cells different to
now what makes cancer cells different to
now what makes cancer cells different to normal healthy cells is they don’t know
normal healthy cells is they don’t know
normal healthy cells is they don’t know when to stop growing they don’t
when to stop growing they don’t
when to stop growing they don’t specialize that remain sure healthy
specialize that remain sure healthy
specialize that remain sure healthy cells become you specialized a little
cells become you specialized a little
cells become you specialized a little part of your brain when these cells die
part of your brain when these cells die
part of your brain when these cells die with cells dying all the time in our
with cells dying all the time in our
with cells dying all the time in our bodies it’s a natural process and the
bodies it’s a natural process and the
bodies it’s a natural process and the decorator I float off and go through the
decorator I float off and go through the
decorator I float off and go through the process
process
process and they don’t of touching council cells
and this is it section the brains of
and this is it section the brains of section the cerebellum this is your old
section the cerebellum this is your old
section the cerebellum this is your old part of the brain top of your spine
part of the brain top of your spine
part of the brain top of your spine beautiful structure the spines down the
beautiful structure the spines down the
beautiful structure the spines down the bottom there and you can see a tumor on
bottom there and you can see a tumor on
bottom there and you can see a tumor on my hand side so let’s ago I tumor looks
my hand side so let’s ago I tumor looks
my hand side so let’s ago I tumor looks like this is a pathological section a
like this is a pathological section a
like this is a pathological section a section of a brain is being staked its
section of a brain is being staked its
section of a brain is being staked its large this juma didn’t kill this patient
large this juma didn’t kill this patient
large this juma didn’t kill this patient actually quite the application we died
actually quite the application we died
actually quite the application we died for some other reasons but what you can
for some other reasons but what you can
for some other reasons but what you can see the tumors growing since torching
see the tumors growing since torching
see the tumors growing since torching the brain is going to push it into the
the brain is going to push it into the
the brain is going to push it into the sinus problems and in this country we
sinus problems and in this country we
sinus problems and in this country we have about a thousand cases of cancer
have about a thousand cases of cancer
have about a thousand cases of cancer diagnosed every day
diagnosed every day
diagnosed every day and all those patients about forty
and all those patients about forty
and all those patients about forty percent of them will receive
percent of them will receive
percent of them will receive radiotherapy as part of their curative
radiotherapy as part of their curative
radiotherapy as part of their curative troops and most of that radiotherapy is
troops and most of that radiotherapy is
troops and most of that radiotherapy is given by machines like this this is an
given by machines like this this is an
given by machines like this this is an energy source of x-rays driven by some
energy source of x-rays driven by some
energy source of x-rays driven by some cold in here accelerator or a minute it
cold in here accelerator or a minute it
cold in here accelerator or a minute it was about 300 of those around what
was about 300 of those around what
was about 300 of those around what collects rates do well x-rays ionizing
collects rates do well x-rays ionizing
collects rates do well x-rays ionizing radiation an x-ray photon comes in and
radiation an x-ray photon comes in and
radiation an x-ray photon comes in and it knocks off an electron through an
it knocks off an electron through an
it knocks off an electron through an Aston which is interacts with so you
Aston which is interacts with so you
Aston which is interacts with so you have to become ionized because now it’s
have to become ionized because now it’s
have to become ionized because now it’s what’s the negative charge for tonight
what’s the negative charge for tonight
what’s the negative charge for tonight so we call this ionizing radiation what
so we call this ionizing radiation what
so we call this ionizing radiation what does that do well what we want to do is
does that do well what we want to do is
does that do well what we want to do is to destroy the cancer cells DNA or here
to destroy the cancer cells DNA or here
to destroy the cancer cells DNA or here the helix DNA x-ray photon comes in
the helix DNA x-ray photon comes in
the helix DNA x-ray photon comes in destruction ops of some of those
destruction ops of some of those
destruction ops of some of those electrons destruction of those bombs and
electrons destruction of those bombs and
electrons destruction of those bombs and now we have a dysfunctional
now we have a dysfunctional
now we have a dysfunctional because that affects healthy cells as
because that affects healthy cells as
because that affects healthy cells as well as counselor ourselves fortunately
well as counselor ourselves fortunately
well as counselor ourselves fortunately the healthy cells recover faster in
the healthy cells recover faster in
the healthy cells recover faster in cancerous service so we give a like a
cancerous service so we give a like a
cancerous service so we give a like a dose of radiation everything perhaps is
dose of radiation everything perhaps is
dose of radiation everything perhaps is on the floor the healthy cells get up
on the floor the healthy cells get up
on the floor the healthy cells get up quick this is why we do with doses in
quick this is why we do with doses in
quick this is why we do with doses in radiotherapy and fractions but there are
radiotherapy and fractions but there are
radiotherapy and fractions but there are lots of other charged particles about
lots of other charged particles about
lots of other charged particles about photons are not really charged particles
photons are not really charged particles
photons are not really charged particles but they’re lots of other types of
but they’re lots of other types of
but they’re lots of other types of Rayleigh as radiation and one of those
Rayleigh as radiation and one of those
Rayleigh as radiation and one of those is from the nucleus of the act of the
is from the nucleus of the act of the
is from the nucleus of the act of the proton positively charged weighs about
proton positively charged weighs about
proton positively charged weighs about two hundred two thousand times more than
two hundred two thousand times more than
two hundred two thousand times more than the electron at rest and so it could
the electron at rest and so it could
the electron at rest and so it could probably use those and this graph sums
probably use those and this graph sums
probably use those and this graph sums up the advantage of drinking councilman
up the advantage of drinking councilman
up the advantage of drinking councilman beans and protons rather than x rays
beans and protons rather than x rays
beans and protons rather than x rays nice curve going down is how the x-rays
nice curve going down is how the x-rays
nice curve going down is how the x-rays lose energy as they pass your tissue
lose energy as they pass your tissue
lose energy as they pass your tissue so it gradually faults are almost at
so it gradually faults are almost at
so it gradually faults are almost at church this is why you have to use
church this is why you have to use
church this is why you have to use focused beams competed with directions
focused beams competed with directions
focused beams competed with directions because we’re now putting a lot of
because we’re now putting a lot of
because we’re now putting a lot of radiation in healthy tissue because
radiation in healthy tissue because
radiation in healthy tissue because before after the tube and radiation
before after the tube and radiation
before after the tube and radiation healthy tissue is never a good idea our
healthy tissue is never a good idea our
healthy tissue is never a good idea our protons as you can see they have a
protons as you can see they have a
protons as you can see they have a definite range they go a certain
definite range they go a certain
definite range they go a certain distance in tissue and we can alter that
distance in tissue and we can alter that
distance in tissue and we can alter that range by changing the energy protons and
range by changing the energy protons and
range by changing the energy protons and most of that energy is lost near the end
most of that energy is lost near the end
most of that energy is lost near the end of their channel in something called the
of their channel in something called the
of their channel in something called the bright feet so here we have a way of
bright feet so here we have a way of
bright feet so here we have a way of putting or energy or lactose and fairly
putting or energy or lactose and fairly
putting or energy or lactose and fairly narrow region deep inside the body for
narrow region deep inside the body for
narrow region deep inside the body for this is ID and it will be good for
this is ID and it will be good for
this is ID and it will be good for particularly good for certain types of
particularly good for certain types of
particularly good for certain types of cancer tumor has a neck tumors and brain
cancer tumor has a neck tumors and brain
cancer tumor has a neck tumors and brain tumors tumors near critical organs like
tumors tumors near critical organs like
tumors tumors near critical organs like spinal cord and also most tumors in
spinal cord and also most tumors in
spinal cord and also most tumors in children and
children and
children and because you want to minimize the dose
because you want to minimize the dose
because you want to minimize the dose the healthy tissue but there’s always a
the healthy tissue but there’s always a
the healthy tissue but there’s always a danger of second councils developing
danger of second councils developing
danger of second councils developing much later time 20 years so I’m treating
much later time 20 years so I’m treating
much later time 20 years so I’m treating who cares what happens in 20 years time
who cares what happens in 20 years time
who cares what happens in 20 years time for you we do care so this is what the
for you we do care so this is what the
for you we do care so this is what the advantage of program filipinas but we’ll
advantage of program filipinas but we’ll
advantage of program filipinas but we’ll have to get that distance just right
have to get that distance just right
have to get that distance just right because if you get it wrong we gave on
because if you get it wrong we gave on
because if you get it wrong we gave on bits out because you put the dough so
bits out because you put the dough so
bits out because you put the dough so these are just before or just after you
these are just before or just after you
these are just before or just after you and to generate these we have systems
and to generate these we have systems
and to generate these we have systems like this you’re looking here at about
like this you’re looking here at about
like this you’re looking here at about 100 million pounds worth of investment
100 million pounds worth of investment
100 million pounds worth of investment the NHS will have two of these upcoming
the NHS will have two of these upcoming
the NHS will have two of these upcoming the next 2-3 years one in manchester
the next 2-3 years one in manchester
the next 2-3 years one in manchester than one in London we generate the
than one in London we generate the
than one in London we generate the protons and it is up to about 200
protons and it is up to about 200
protons and it is up to about 200 million electron volts in a cyclotron we
million electron volts in a cyclotron we
million electron volts in a cyclotron we possibly go with charge all to a
possibly go with charge all to a
possibly go with charge all to a direction of electromagnet into a gantry
direction of electromagnet into a gantry
direction of electromagnet into a gantry which is the height
which is the height
which is the height house and that focuses are being
house and that focuses are being
house and that focuses are being monitored the patient can trick the move
monitored the patient can trick the move
monitored the patient can trick the move around do director beam angle
around do director beam angle
around do director beam angle and then we can start focusing energy is
and then we can start focusing energy is
and then we can start focusing energy is actually a cube map we have a very
actually a cube map we have a very
actually a cube map we have a very narrow beam of pennsylvania’s it’s cold
narrow beam of pennsylvania’s it’s cold
narrow beam of pennsylvania’s it’s cold and if you like it’s almost like
and if you like it’s almost like
and if you like it’s almost like painting by neighbors that’s what we
painting by neighbors that’s what we
painting by neighbors that’s what we like
like
like the problem is that we get these ranges
the problem is that we get these ranges
the problem is that we get these ranges from we get the distance he will receive
from we get the distance he will receive
from we get the distance he will receive either work or treatment treatment fun
either work or treatment treatment fun
either work or treatment treatment fun house on the left there’s a funny map
house on the left there’s a funny map
house on the left there’s a funny map for treating a brain tumor the veteran
for treating a brain tumor the veteran
for treating a brain tumor the veteran trailer therapy on the right people
trailer therapy on the right people
trailer therapy on the right people giving the proton radio through and you
giving the proton radio through and you
giving the proton radio through and you can see what tumors were high great
can see what tumors were high great
can see what tumors were high great slaughter that shows us what the most of
slaughter that shows us what the most of
slaughter that shows us what the most of the energy is being positive but he
the energy is being positive but he
the energy is being positive but he seems quite a big pull of wash around
seems quite a big pull of wash around
seems quite a big pull of wash around that too much less here much less of the
that too much less here much less of the
that too much less here much less of the brain has been affected by some
brain has been affected by some
brain has been affected by some radiation so here are trying to do a
radiation so here are trying to do a
radiation so here are trying to do a whole body goes down the spine is
whole body goes down the spine is
whole body goes down the spine is probably the Leukemia and we want to try
probably the Leukemia and we want to try
probably the Leukemia and we want to try and radiate the sky but get up against
and radiate the sky but get up against
and radiate the sky but get up against elongation and we go even further the
elongation and we go even further the
elongation and we go even further the protons don’t carry extra
protons don’t carry extra
protons don’t carry extra but again we’re going to just write
but again we’re going to just write
but again we’re going to just write because these are x-ray CT images but we
because these are x-ray CT images but we
because these are x-ray CT images but we treating with protons and they’re not
treating with protons and they’re not
treating with protons and they’re not the same that is the problem that is a
the same that is the problem that is a
the same that is the problem that is a big problem and we get the rain shocked
big problem and we get the rain shocked
big problem and we get the rain shocked so we have a cuisines and we don’t want
so we have a cuisines and we don’t want
so we have a cuisines and we don’t want to do that and the whole thing about
to do that and the whole thing about
to do that and the whole thing about very therapy is it’s a very precise
very therapy is it’s a very precise
very therapy is it’s a very precise careful science so we take robust
careful science so we take robust
careful science so we take robust treatments not optimum children’s so we
treatments not optimum children’s so we
treatments not optimum children’s so we have to take in account all these errors
have to take in account all these errors
have to take in account all these errors so we don’t get any problems to get
so we don’t get any problems to get
so we don’t get any problems to get treatment I’m gonna go see how could it
treatment I’m gonna go see how could it
treatment I’m gonna go see how could it not may not be the best treatment you
not may not be the best treatment you
not may not be the best treatment you could possibly have so what we do is we
could possibly have so what we do is we
could possibly have so what we do is we try an image with these protons and and
try an image with these protons and and
try an image with these protons and and this is our equipment very simple
this is our equipment very simple
this is our equipment very simple picture there’s my patient in the middle
picture there’s my patient in the middle
picture there’s my patient in the middle because it’s tumor proton beams going to
because it’s tumor proton beams going to
because it’s tumor proton beams going to come in something like that how am I
come in something like that how am I
come in something like that how am I going to get the energy just right so
going to get the energy just right so
going to get the energy just right so the distance is just right so in the
the distance is just right so in the
the distance is just right so in the positive most of its energy at you now
positive most of its energy at you now
positive most of its energy at you now if all that you can see a person called
if all that you can see a person called
if all that you can see a person called proton trackers and after the patient
proton trackers and after the patient
proton trackers and after the patient under the same set of truckers and there
under the same set of truckers and there
under the same set of truckers and there are subject mysteriously
are subject mysteriously
are subject mysteriously telescope because under the image the
telescope because under the image the
telescope because under the image the patient using protons I’ve got to
patient using protons I’ve got to
patient using protons I’ve got to increase the energy of the proton so
increase the energy of the proton so
increase the energy of the proton so they get through the patient but I
they get through the patient but I
they get through the patient but I reduce the number of them maybe 10,000
reduce the number of them maybe 10,000
reduce the number of them maybe 10,000 times so as a dose of radiation it’s
times so as a dose of radiation it’s
times so as a dose of radiation it’s very very small as know and it’s only
very very small as know and it’s only
very very small as know and it’s only diagnostic and I use a broad bean
diagnostic and I use a broad bean
diagnostic and I use a broad bean because I want to look at nice big
because I want to look at nice big
because I want to look at nice big picture and this you like if one path
picture and this you like if one path
picture and this you like if one path that one single proton place and it’s
that one single proton place and it’s
that one single proton place and it’s not like like it isn’t traveling
not like like it isn’t traveling
not like like it isn’t traveling straight lines in DB a great deal so
straight lines in DB a great deal so
straight lines in DB a great deal so under the image of you protons I’ve got
under the image of you protons I’ve got
under the image of you protons I’ve got to record every protein but it came from
to record every protein but it came from
to record every protein but it came from where it went to but I clicking the
where it went to but I clicking the
where it went to but I clicking the shirts are pressing the button on your
shirts are pressing the button on your
shirts are pressing the button on your camera where you’d have to worry about
camera where you’d have to worry about
camera where you’d have to worry about the individual photons are doing here
the individual photons are doing here
the individual photons are doing here and what I do when that individual
and what I do when that individual
and what I do when that individual proton comes in these detectors get to
proton comes in these detectors get to
proton comes in these detectors get to the locations I can draw a straight line
the locations I can draw a straight line
the locations I can draw a straight line and estimate where it enters the patient
and estimate where it enters the patient
and estimate where it enters the patient simpleton I pick up at the other end an
simpleton I pick up at the other end an
simpleton I pick up at the other end an 0 that where it came out to the patient
0 that where it came out to the patient
0 that where it came out to the patient then I know what my initial energy of my
then I know what my initial energy of my
then I know what my initial energy of my protons work this year measures the
protons work this year measures the
protons work this year measures the residual energy what’s the left efforts
residual energy what’s the left efforts
residual energy what’s the left efforts been for the patient I know our energy
been for the patient I know our energy
been for the patient I know our energy that individual proton deposited in the
that individual proton deposited in the
that individual proton deposited in the patient and repeat that millions of
patient and repeat that millions of
patient and repeat that millions of times and that’s just for one projection
times and that’s just for one projection
times and that’s just for one projection beam coming from one direction I’m with
beam coming from one direction I’m with
beam coming from one direction I’m with my equipment 1 degree 2 degrees and we
another 12 degrees new peak dr color the
another 12 degrees new peak dr color the 436 and this is the song babies we would
436 and this is the song babies we would
436 and this is the song babies we would hope to expect this is a patient
hope to expect this is a patient
hope to expect this is a patient receiving lady therapy he has a strange
receiving lady therapy he has a strange
receiving lady therapy he has a strange Ghazi mask on him because his head is
Ghazi mask on him because his head is
Ghazi mask on him because his head is healthy positions of movements and
healthy positions of movements and
healthy positions of movements and treatment and there’s no data for the
treatment and there’s no data for the
treatment and there’s no data for the enemies know so it’s a bit p but this is
enemies know so it’s a bit p but this is
enemies know so it’s a bit p but this is what a proton CT he mention and we can
what a proton CT he mention and we can
what a proton CT he mention and we can alter it we can take off the flesh
alter it we can take off the flesh
alter it we can take off the flesh Susilo living patients till we can put a
Susilo living patients till we can put a
Susilo living patients till we can put a flashback
we can rotate it to take sections
we can rotate it to take sections through it and now I have an image that
through it and now I have an image that
through it and now I have an image that has been created by the same radiation
has been created by the same radiation
has been created by the same radiation type don’t gonna treatment so if you
type don’t gonna treatment so if you
type don’t gonna treatment so if you like it got the same ruler there are no
like it got the same ruler there are no
like it got the same ruler there are no worries the proof but imaging with
worries the proof but imaging with
worries the proof but imaging with protons is very different so four years
protons is very different so four years
protons is very different so four years ago we started a project earlier project
ago we started a project earlier project
ago we started a project earlier project I’ve got five universities five NHS
I’ve got five universities five NHS
I’ve got five universities five NHS trusts the National Labs of South Africa
trusts the National Labs of South Africa
trusts the National Labs of South Africa three and this is what we’ve done this
three and this is what we’ve done this
three and this is what we’ve done this is progress this is what it stands for
is progress this is what it stands for
is progress this is what it stands for the bottom and this is our instrument in
the bottom and this is our instrument in
the bottom and this is our instrument in a proton therapy facility in South
a proton therapy facility in South
a proton therapy facility in South Africa and it can’t be moved into
Africa and it can’t be moved into
Africa and it can’t be moved into position by some of my research he’s big
position by some of my research he’s big
position by some of my research he’s big and he’s poking but it’s really the
and he’s poking but it’s really the
and he’s poking but it’s really the first time is being done using totally
first time is being done using totally
first time is being done using totally solid state policy for sure
so a heart of any system is the things
so a heart of any system is the things that’s going to detect the prototype
that’s going to detect the prototype
that’s going to detect the prototype detect the light sensors and we use two
detect the light sensors and we use two
detect the light sensors and we use two times once got a silicon strictly
times once got a silicon strictly
times once got a silicon strictly chapter which it was very fine strips so
chapter which it was very fine strips so
chapter which it was very fine strips so it can die of a wave of silicon and the
it can die of a wave of silicon and the
it can die of a wave of silicon and the menus where vehicle may play so they use
menus where vehicle may play so they use
menus where vehicle may play so they use at the moment is in the Large Hadron
at the moment is in the Large Hadron
at the moment is in the Large Hadron Collider observe these guys have
Collider observe these guys have
Collider observe these guys have detected the information that we know
detected the information that we know
detected the information that we know that this Expo
that this Expo
that this Expo so we have some designed by the same
so we have some designed by the same
so we have some designed by the same guys who designed these for the culantro
guys who designed these for the culantro
guys who designed these for the culantro provider and linking we’ve started
provider and linking we’ve started
provider and linking we’ve started putting together this is one of our
putting together this is one of our
putting together this is one of our proton tractors big symbol in our lab
proton tractors big symbol in our lab
proton tractors big symbol in our lab University and the other sensor we have
University and the other sensor we have
University and the other sensor we have a single sensor you’ve all got a CMOS
a single sensor you’ve all got a CMOS
a single sensor you’ve all got a CMOS sensor on the moment we go suit up
sensor on the moment we go suit up
sensor on the moment we go suit up camera chip in your sparkles except that
camera chip in your sparkles except that
camera chip in your sparkles except that camera chip is 45 millimeter square
camera chip is 45 millimeter square
camera chip is 45 millimeter square minus 5 centimeters by 10 centimeters
minus 5 centimeters by 10 centimeters
minus 5 centimeters by 10 centimeters it’s about 500 times bigger books 20
it’s about 500 times bigger books 20
it’s about 500 times bigger books 20 times faster and costs a lot
so what we built is probably one of the
so what we built is probably one of the most complex medical instruments that
most complex medical instruments that
most complex medical instruments that will be conceived we can check up to 25
will be conceived we can check up to 25
will be conceived we can check up to 25 million proton per second the amount of
million proton per second the amount of
million proton per second the amount of data that comes out of it is equivalent
data that comes out of it is equivalent
data that comes out of it is equivalent to three hundred high-definition TV
to three hundred high-definition TV
to three hundred high-definition TV channel I’ve got a new process silicon
channel I’ve got a new process silicon
channel I’ve got a new process silicon to make 25,000 I phone cameras but what
to make 25,000 I phone cameras but what
to make 25,000 I phone cameras but what I’m doing is an imaging treating the
I’m doing is an imaging treating the
I’m doing is an imaging treating the same type of radiation but this reduces
same type of radiation but this reduces
same type of radiation but this reduces these are using the same
so now the right now
so now the right now Oh
now this will be a great food
now this will be a great food especially convenient
okay thanks very much because as I say
okay thanks very much because as I say program CT or may not just robust
program CT or may not just robust
program CT or may not just robust treatments for optional ones
”
Be First to Comment