[Music] how many of you have watched a movie or
how many of you have watched a movie or
how many of you have watched a movie or a series and ended up asking yourself
a series and ended up asking yourself
a series and ended up asking yourself whether or not what you’ve just watched
whether or not what you’ve just watched
whether or not what you’ve just watched is physically possible well I do this
is physically possible well I do this
is physically possible well I do this all the time
all the time
all the time after watching avatar I always just try
after watching avatar I always just try
after watching avatar I always just try to airbend and I horribly fail then
to airbend and I horribly fail then
to airbend and I horribly fail then there’s Back to the Future which
there’s Back to the Future which
there’s Back to the Future which captivates us with the idea of time
captivates us with the idea of time
captivates us with the idea of time travel moving going to your past or to
travel moving going to your past or to
travel moving going to your past or to your future now time is a concept were
your future now time is a concept were
your future now time is a concept were very very familiar with it governs our
very very familiar with it governs our
very very familiar with it governs our lives doesn’t it it gives meaning to the
lives doesn’t it it gives meaning to the
lives doesn’t it it gives meaning to the words early and late but what is time
words early and late but what is time
words early and late but what is time itself and is time travel just science
itself and is time travel just science
itself and is time travel just science fiction well today together we’re going
fiction well today together we’re going
fiction well today together we’re going to unravel one of the most important
to unravel one of the most important
to unravel one of the most important insights into the fabric of this
insights into the fabric of this
insights into the fabric of this universe made by an extraordinary mind
universe made by an extraordinary mind
universe made by an extraordinary mind yeah that’s the face of extraordinary
yeah that’s the face of extraordinary
yeah that’s the face of extraordinary Albert Einstein together we’re going to
Albert Einstein together we’re going to
Albert Einstein together we’re going to see that time travel is no science
see that time travel is no science
see that time travel is no science fiction instead is the reality that lies
fiction instead is the reality that lies
fiction instead is the reality that lies all around us
all around us
all around us now other Einsteins foundation for his
now other Einsteins foundation for his
now other Einsteins foundation for his theory was an experiment called the
theory was an experiment called the
theory was an experiment called the Michelson and Morley experiment now what
Michelson and Morley experiment now what
Michelson and Morley experiment now what this experiment determined was pretty
this experiment determined was pretty
this experiment determined was pretty simple no matter who you are where you
simple no matter who you are where you
simple no matter who you are where you are what you’re doing whether you’re
are what you’re doing whether you’re
are what you’re doing whether you’re moving or not the speed of light will
moving or not the speed of light will
moving or not the speed of light will always be constant it will always be 299
always be constant it will always be 299
always be constant it will always be 299 million 700 thousand four hundred fifty
million 700 thousand four hundred fifty
million 700 thousand four hundred fifty eight meters per second okay so to
eight meters per second okay so to
eight meters per second okay so to explain his theory let’s play out a
explain his theory let’s play out a
explain his theory let’s play out a scenario imagine two people let’s call
scenario imagine two people let’s call
scenario imagine two people let’s call them Peter and Jane
them Peter and Jane
them Peter and Jane Peter is on a train while Jane is
Peter is on a train while Jane is
Peter is on a train while Jane is outside observing Peter for purposes of
outside observing Peter for purposes of
outside observing Peter for purposes of the explanation let’s say Peter has a
the explanation let’s say Peter has a
the explanation let’s say Peter has a device which bounces a beam of light up
device which bounces a beam of light up
device which bounces a beam of light up and down between two mirrors
and down between two mirrors
and down between two mirrors now when the train is not moving both
now when the train is not moving both
now when the train is not moving both Peter and Jane see the same thing which
Peter and Jane see the same thing which
Peter and Jane see the same thing which is the light bounce up and down now what
is the light bounce up and down now what
is the light bounce up and down now what do you think would happen when the train
do you think would happen when the train
do you think would happen when the train starts moving well
starts moving well
starts moving well Peter still sees the light being moved
Peter still sees the light being moved
Peter still sees the light being moved up and down between the two mirrors but
up and down between the two mirrors but
up and down between the two mirrors but Jane the other hand sees something
Jane the other hand sees something
Jane the other hand sees something completely different it so happens that
completely different it so happens that
completely different it so happens that the vertical mount vertical motion of
the vertical mount vertical motion of
the vertical mount vertical motion of the light beam and the horizontal motion
the light beam and the horizontal motion
the light beam and the horizontal motion of the Train merged together and she
of the Train merged together and she
of the Train merged together and she sees something like this she sees the
sees something like this she sees the
sees something like this she sees the light move at an angle diagonally in a
light move at an angle diagonally in a
light move at an angle diagonally in a triangular path now keeping in mind that
triangular path now keeping in mind that
triangular path now keeping in mind that the light that the speed of light is
the light that the speed of light is
the light that the speed of light is always constant let’s do some math
always constant let’s do some math
always constant let’s do some math simple math I promise will be simple
simple math I promise will be simple
simple math I promise will be simple well simple I know we do in class so
well simple I know we do in class so
well simple I know we do in class so we’ll start with speed distance divided
we’ll start with speed distance divided
we’ll start with speed distance divided by time
by time
by time simple enough yeah now what we’ll now
simple enough yeah now what we’ll now
simple enough yeah now what we’ll now we’re talking about the speed of light
we’re talking about the speed of light
we’re talking about the speed of light so C is equal to distance divided by
so C is equal to distance divided by
so C is equal to distance divided by time that’s how light is denoted now
time that’s how light is denoted now
time that’s how light is denoted now what would Peter’s equation be let’s say
what would Peter’s equation be let’s say
what would Peter’s equation be let’s say he measures the light cover a distance D
he measures the light cover a distance D
he measures the light cover a distance D in time T his equation would be simply D
in time T his equation would be simply D
in time T his equation would be simply D over T what about James equation she saw
over T what about James equation she saw
over T what about James equation she saw the light beam move in a triangular path
the light beam move in a triangular path
the light beam move in a triangular path therefore the distance sheets she
therefore the distance sheets she
therefore the distance sheets she measures the light cover is greater than
measures the light cover is greater than
measures the light cover is greater than what Peter measured for simplistic
what Peter measured for simplistic
what Peter measured for simplistic purposes we’ll say it’s twice the
purposes we’ll say it’s twice the
purposes we’ll say it’s twice the distance so 2d her equation will be 2d
distance so 2d her equation will be 2d
distance so 2d her equation will be 2d divided by what what will her time be it
divided by what what will her time be it
divided by what what will her time be it can’t be T otherwise the time the speed
can’t be T otherwise the time the speed
can’t be T otherwise the time the speed of light both Peter and Jane will
of light both Peter and Jane will
of light both Peter and Jane will calculate will not be the same so
calculate will not be the same so
calculate will not be the same so realize that Jane’s time must also be 2t
realize that Jane’s time must also be 2t
realize that Jane’s time must also be 2t now you may not realize this right now
now you may not realize this right now
now you may not realize this right now but what this means is something
but what this means is something
but what this means is something mind-blowing it means that for every one
mind-blowing it means that for every one
mind-blowing it means that for every one second that Peter spends on the train
second that Peter spends on the train
second that Peter spends on the train two seconds will have passed by for Jane
two seconds will have passed by for Jane
two seconds will have passed by for Jane this means that Peter just effectively
this means that Peter just effectively
this means that Peter just effectively time traveled to the future by one
time traveled to the future by one
time traveled to the future by one second I know it’s mind-blowing isn’t it
second I know it’s mind-blowing isn’t it
second I know it’s mind-blowing isn’t it you see to keep the speed of light the
you see to keep the speed of light the
you see to keep the speed of light the same the universe works in a way that it
same the universe works in a way that it
same the universe works in a way that it rips time and space off of their
rips time and space off of their
rips time and space off of their definite nature time begins to move at a
definite nature time begins to move at a
definite nature time begins to move at a different rate for someone in motion and
different rate for someone in motion and
different rate for someone in motion and this is called time dilation
this is called time dilation
this is called time dilation this is Einstein’s theory of special
this is Einstein’s theory of special
this is Einstein’s theory of special relativity and you can most definitely
relativity and you can most definitely
relativity and you can most definitely be used to time travel to the future now
be used to time travel to the future now
be used to time travel to the future now I know by the looks of most of your
I know by the looks of most of your
I know by the looks of most of your faces you’re probably wondering this is
faces you’re probably wondering this is
faces you’re probably wondering this is just a pretty neat theory isn’t it well
just a pretty neat theory isn’t it well
just a pretty neat theory isn’t it well just like any other theory in science
just like any other theory in science
just like any other theory in science it’s not it’s not just a theory it was
it’s not it’s not just a theory it was
it’s not it’s not just a theory it was tested in 1971 a couple of atomic clocks
tested in 1971 a couple of atomic clocks
tested in 1971 a couple of atomic clocks were synchronized and just to give you a
were synchronized and just to give you a
were synchronized and just to give you a picture of how accurate this method is
picture of how accurate this method is
picture of how accurate this method is here’s a fact and that the most accurate
here’s a fact and that the most accurate
here’s a fact and that the most accurate atomic clocks lose one second every 15
atomic clocks lose one second every 15
atomic clocks lose one second every 15 billion years that’s older than the age
billion years that’s older than the age
billion years that’s older than the age of the universe this is mind-boggling
of the universe this is mind-boggling
of the universe this is mind-boggling accuracy so a couple of these clocks
accuracy so a couple of these clocks
accuracy so a couple of these clocks were loaded on a jet plane and flown
were loaded on a jet plane and flown
were loaded on a jet plane and flown around the world and when they landed
around the world and when they landed
around the world and when they landed their time was compared to a few clocks
their time was compared to a few clocks
their time was compared to a few clocks that were left on the ground and what
that were left on the ground and what
that were left on the ground and what the experiment found is that the clocks
the experiment found is that the clocks
the experiment found is that the clocks that were flown around the world their
that were flown around the world their
that were flown around the world their time was ahead by a few nanoseconds now
time was ahead by a few nanoseconds now
time was ahead by a few nanoseconds now and a few nanoseconds you may say isn’t
and a few nanoseconds you may say isn’t
and a few nanoseconds you may say isn’t a lot but in this case it’s enough
a lot but in this case it’s enough
a lot but in this case it’s enough evidence for the theory of relativity
evidence for the theory of relativity
evidence for the theory of relativity that theory works now when I think of
that theory works now when I think of
that theory works now when I think of all of this when I think of all of this
all of this when I think of all of this
all of this when I think of all of this it’s just mind-blowing stunning
it’s just mind-blowing stunning
it’s just mind-blowing stunning confusing all those emotions at once
confusing all those emotions at once
confusing all those emotions at once I mean imagine traveling to the future
I mean imagine traveling to the future
I mean imagine traveling to the future time travel has opened up so many
time travel has opened up so many
time travel has opened up so many doorways that were closed till now
doorways that were closed till now
doorways that were closed till now imagine witnessing the technology that
imagine witnessing the technology that
imagine witnessing the technology that today right now we call impossible
today right now we call impossible
today right now we call impossible flying cars for example lightsabers
flying cars for example lightsabers
flying cars for example lightsabers imagine going to the future and bringing
imagine going to the future and bringing
imagine going to the future and bringing back the cure to
back the cure to
back the cure to so how many lives will be saved the
so how many lives will be saved the
so how many lives will be saved the possibilities simply explode and they’re
possibilities simply explode and they’re
possibilities simply explode and they’re simply just limitless now many of you
simply just limitless now many of you
simply just limitless now many of you may be asking what about time travel to
may be asking what about time travel to
may be asking what about time travel to the past because I said go to the future
the past because I said go to the future
the past because I said go to the future and bring back the cure to cancer well
and bring back the cure to cancer well
and bring back the cure to cancer well my friends I’m afraid that’s a story for
my friends I’m afraid that’s a story for
my friends I’m afraid that’s a story for another day
another day
another day well and if someone if mankind ever
well and if someone if mankind ever
well and if someone if mankind ever makes time travel possible in the future
makes time travel possible in the future
makes time travel possible in the future remember the vows Choji first thank you
remember the vows Choji first thank you
remember the vows Choji first thank you [Applause]
[Applause]
[Applause] [Music]
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