thank you [Applause]
you know it’s really not an exaggeration
you know it’s really not an exaggeration to say that humanity is on a path to
to say that humanity is on a path to
to say that humanity is on a path to disaster and that’s because human
disaster and that’s because human
disaster and that’s because human emissions of co2 methane and other
emissions of co2 methane and other
emissions of co2 methane and other greenhouse gases are warming our planet
greenhouse gases are warming our planet
greenhouse gases are warming our planet shifting our climate and increasing
shifting our climate and increasing
shifting our climate and increasing climatic disasters and those changes are
climatic disasters and those changes are
climatic disasters and those changes are happening already this year the monsoon
happening already this year the monsoon
happening already this year the monsoon in India and Nepal and Bangladesh killed
in India and Nepal and Bangladesh killed
in India and Nepal and Bangladesh killed or displaced thousands of people and
or displaced thousands of people and
or displaced thousands of people and that is a monsoon that was made worse by
that is a monsoon that was made worse by
that is a monsoon that was made worse by a warmer ocean from climate change and
a warmer ocean from climate change and
a warmer ocean from climate change and this summer in the United States we had
this summer in the United States we had
this summer in the United States we had a heat wave that broke temperature
a heat wave that broke temperature
a heat wave that broke temperature records for some of the hottest
records for some of the hottest
records for some of the hottest temperatures ever recorded in places in
temperatures ever recorded in places in
temperatures ever recorded in places in California some a hundred and
California some a hundred and
California some a hundred and twenty-five degrees Fahrenheit
now we decide we decide how much climate
now we decide we decide how much climate change we are going to get by exactly
change we are going to get by exactly
change we are going to get by exactly how much greenhouse gases we release
how much greenhouse gases we release
how much greenhouse gases we release into the atmosphere and so we spend a
into the atmosphere and so we spend a
into the atmosphere and so we spend a lot of time talking about greenhouse gas
lot of time talking about greenhouse gas
lot of time talking about greenhouse gas emissions and caps on those emissions
emissions and caps on those emissions
emissions and caps on those emissions and we debate how we are going to
and we debate how we are going to
and we debate how we are going to achieve those emissions caps but I’m
achieve those emissions caps but I’m
achieve those emissions caps but I’m here to tell you this evening that there
here to tell you this evening that there
here to tell you this evening that there is another side to climate change in
is another side to climate change in
is another side to climate change in addition to stopping climate change that
addition to stopping climate change that
addition to stopping climate change that you’re not hearing much about not nearly
you’re not hearing much about not nearly
you’re not hearing much about not nearly as much as you should be hearing about
as much as you should be hearing about
as much as you should be hearing about and this other side of climate change is
and this other side of climate change is
and this other side of climate change is going to keep us busy for decades
going to keep us busy for decades
going to keep us busy for decades figuring out how to do it and putting it
figuring out how to do it and putting it
figuring out how to do it and putting it into action the word for this other side
into action the word for this other side
into action the word for this other side of climate change is adaptation
of climate change is adaptation
of climate change is adaptation adaptation are all the things the steps
adaptation are all the things the steps
adaptation are all the things the steps the actions that we’re going to take to
the actions that we’re going to take to
the actions that we’re going to take to live with climate change even if we hit
live with climate change even if we hit
live with climate change even if we hit the
the
the brakes on greenhouse gas emissions we’re
brakes on greenhouse gas emissions we’re
brakes on greenhouse gas emissions we’re going to have to find ways to live with
going to have to find ways to live with
going to have to find ways to live with this new climate that we have created
now imagine if you woke up tomorrow and
now imagine if you woke up tomorrow and a hundred percent of the world’s
a hundred percent of the world’s
a hundred percent of the world’s population was suffering from some
population was suffering from some
population was suffering from some serious chronic disease what we do we
serious chronic disease what we do we
serious chronic disease what we do we would have world awareness campaigns we
would have world awareness campaigns we
would have world awareness campaigns we would have benefit concerts we would
would have benefit concerts we would
would have benefit concerts we would invest in research for a cure and ways
invest in research for a cure and ways
invest in research for a cure and ways of living making life more manageable in
of living making life more manageable in
of living making life more manageable in the face of this disease that’s actually
the face of this disease that’s actually
the face of this disease that’s actually how we can think about adaptation
how we can think about adaptation
how we can think about adaptation adaptation is about living the best life
adaptation is about living the best life
adaptation is about living the best life we can in the face of a chronic disease
we can in the face of a chronic disease
we can in the face of a chronic disease the problem is we really don’t have very
the problem is we really don’t have very
the problem is we really don’t have very many treatments for this chronic disease
many treatments for this chronic disease
many treatments for this chronic disease and at the same time billions of people
and at the same time billions of people
and at the same time billions of people are suffering from it and that gap is
are suffering from it and that gap is
are suffering from it and that gap is worth a whole heck of a lot of benefit
worth a whole heck of a lot of benefit
worth a whole heck of a lot of benefit concerts now if we’re going to treat
concerts now if we’re going to treat
concerts now if we’re going to treat this chronic disease called climate
this chronic disease called climate
this chronic disease called climate change we have to have some idea of how
change we have to have some idea of how
change we have to have some idea of how much of the disease we are actually
much of the disease we are actually
much of the disease we are actually facing how bad climate change could get
facing how bad climate change could get
facing how bad climate change could get if we were to stop emitting greenhouse
if we were to stop emitting greenhouse
if we were to stop emitting greenhouse gases right now we would have a world
gases right now we would have a world
gases right now we would have a world that is about three degrees Fahrenheit
that is about three degrees Fahrenheit
that is about three degrees Fahrenheit then it warmer than it was at the
then it warmer than it was at the
then it warmer than it was at the beginning of the industrial revolution
beginning of the industrial revolution
beginning of the industrial revolution in fact we’ve already warmed our planet
in fact we’ve already warmed our planet
in fact we’ve already warmed our planet about two degrees Fahrenheit and that
about two degrees Fahrenheit and that
about two degrees Fahrenheit and that warming is what’s causing our heat waves
warming is what’s causing our heat waves
warming is what’s causing our heat waves these droughts and storms and warming
these droughts and storms and warming
these droughts and storms and warming our winters in cold states like
our winters in cold states like
our winters in cold states like Minnesota
Minnesota
Minnesota we’re actually warming faster than other
we’re actually warming faster than other
we’re actually warming faster than other parts of the United States our winters
parts of the United States our winters
parts of the United States our winters have warmed more than five degrees
have warmed more than five degrees
have warmed more than five degrees Fahrenheit in the time since I was born
Fahrenheit in the time since I was born
Fahrenheit in the time since I was born and I am not that much older than I look
and I am not that much older than I look
and I am not that much older than I look five degrees of warming in Minnesota
five degrees of warming in Minnesota
five degrees of warming in Minnesota winter so far but this disease of
winter so far but this disease of
winter so far but this disease of climate change could get a lot worse
climate change could get a lot worse
climate change could get a lot worse this figure shows you what the world
this figure shows you what the world
this figure shows you what the world we’ll be like if we continue on our
we’ll be like if we continue on our
we’ll be like if we continue on our current path of greenhouse gas emissions
current path of greenhouse gas emissions
current path of greenhouse gas emissions this is a world that’s about six and a
this is a world that’s about six and a
this is a world that’s about six and a half degrees Fahrenheit warmer than it
half degrees Fahrenheit warmer than it
half degrees Fahrenheit warmer than it should be within a hundred years over
should be within a hundred years over
should be within a hundred years over land it will be nine or ten degrees
land it will be nine or ten degrees
land it will be nine or ten degrees Fahrenheit warmer and much of that
Fahrenheit warmer and much of that
Fahrenheit warmer and much of that warming occurs toward the North Pole
warming occurs toward the North Pole
warming occurs toward the North Pole and this is just a snapshot in time
and this is just a snapshot in time
and this is just a snapshot in time warming continues past 2100 in this
warming continues past 2100 in this
warming continues past 2100 in this warmer world Minnesota would have 30
warmer world Minnesota would have 30
warmer world Minnesota would have 30 days each year over 95 degrees
days each year over 95 degrees
days each year over 95 degrees Fahrenheit so think about that it’s like
Fahrenheit so think about that it’s like
Fahrenheit so think about that it’s like having our hottest days occur every day
having our hottest days occur every day
having our hottest days occur every day for the month of August every year right
for the month of August every year right
for the month of August every year right now we have about 10 days over 90 each
now we have about 10 days over 90 each
now we have about 10 days over 90 each year and that’s unpleasant hot summers
year and that’s unpleasant hot summers
year and that’s unpleasant hot summers are definitely unpleasant for people but
are definitely unpleasant for people but
are definitely unpleasant for people but that amount of warming that six point
that amount of warming that six point
that amount of warming that six point five degrees Fahrenheit of warming would
five degrees Fahrenheit of warming would
five degrees Fahrenheit of warming would eliminate the habitat for some plants
eliminate the habitat for some plants
eliminate the habitat for some plants and animals you know that’s that’s why
and animals you know that’s that’s why
and animals you know that’s that’s why we talk about the polar bear the polar
we talk about the polar bear the polar
we talk about the polar bear the polar bear is the climate change poster child
bear is the climate change poster child
bear is the climate change poster child it’s the poster child believe it or not
it’s the poster child believe it or not
it’s the poster child believe it or not mmm not because it’s cute or ferocious
mmm not because it’s cute or ferocious
mmm not because it’s cute or ferocious or fuzzy or photographs well it’s
or fuzzy or photographs well it’s
or fuzzy or photographs well it’s actually the poster child because in
actually the poster child because in
actually the poster child because in that 6.5 degree warmer world there’s no
that 6.5 degree warmer world there’s no
that 6.5 degree warmer world there’s no polar ice and there’s no place for the
polar ice and there’s no place for the
polar ice and there’s no place for the polar bear to go biologists think that
polar bear to go biologists think that
polar bear to go biologists think that under that 6.5 degree warmer world nine
under that 6.5 degree warmer world nine
under that 6.5 degree warmer world nine hundred thousand species could face
hundred thousand species could face
hundred thousand species could face extinction like the polar bear within a
extinction like the polar bear within a
extinction like the polar bear within a hundred years in fact nine hundred
hundred years in fact nine hundred
hundred years in fact nine hundred thousand species and that doesn’t count
thousand species and that doesn’t count
thousand species and that doesn’t count species it might decline without going
species it might decline without going
species it might decline without going extinct or stress to habitats or
extinct or stress to habitats or
extinct or stress to habitats or ecosystems so the amount of warming that
ecosystems so the amount of warming that
ecosystems so the amount of warming that I just showed you is actually
I just showed you is actually
I just showed you is actually similar in the it’s a similar difference
similar in the it’s a similar difference
similar in the it’s a similar difference between the world we have today and the
between the world we have today and the
between the world we have today and the world that were climate that we had at
world that were climate that we had at
world that were climate that we had at the end of the last ice age so 6.5
the end of the last ice age so 6.5
the end of the last ice age so 6.5 degrees Fahrenheit is the difference
degrees Fahrenheit is the difference
degrees Fahrenheit is the difference between our climate and a mile of ice
between our climate and a mile of ice
between our climate and a mile of ice over our heads in the coming out of the
over our heads in the coming out of the
over our heads in the coming out of the last ice age that took that climate
last ice age that took that climate
last ice age that took that climate change took thousands of years this
change took thousands of years this
change took thousands of years this climate change will take hundreds this
climate change will take hundreds this
climate change will take hundreds this climate change is also caused by people
climate change is also caused by people
climate change is also caused by people but here’s the most important thing
but here’s the most important thing
but here’s the most important thing people will be here to experience the
people will be here to experience the
people will be here to experience the consequences so if we are going to live
consequences so if we are going to live
consequences so if we are going to live successfully through climate change we
successfully through climate change we
successfully through climate change we should stay away from six point five
should stay away from six point five
should stay away from six point five degrees now despite all of the debate
degrees now despite all of the debate
degrees now despite all of the debate and the discussion about climate change
and the discussion about climate change
and the discussion about climate change we actually know very well we know the
we actually know very well we know the
we actually know very well we know the what the how the where the win about how
what the how the where the win about how
what the how the where the win about how to stop it
to stop it
to stop it in fact stopping climate change is
in fact stopping climate change is
in fact stopping climate change is really very simple all we need is an
really very simple all we need is an
really very simple all we need is an economic revolution we need clean
economic revolution we need clean
economic revolution we need clean electricity we need clean transportation
electricity we need clean transportation
electricity we need clean transportation and we also need sustainable agriculture
and we also need sustainable agriculture
and we also need sustainable agriculture but we know exactly what technologies
but we know exactly what technologies
but we know exactly what technologies are necessary for that and we have the
are necessary for that and we have the
are necessary for that and we have the knowledge to get it done now we don’t
knowledge to get it done now we don’t
knowledge to get it done now we don’t necessarily have the political will to
necessarily have the political will to
necessarily have the political will to do so and of course there are problems
do so and of course there are problems
do so and of course there are problems with cost and with financing but we know
with cost and with financing but we know
with cost and with financing but we know exactly what to do
exactly what to do
exactly what to do we also know the scale of the problem we
we also know the scale of the problem we
we also know the scale of the problem we know that we have already released three
know that we have already released three
know that we have already released three quarters of the 3,700 Giga tons of co2
quarters of the 3,700 Giga tons of co2
quarters of the 3,700 Giga tons of co2 that we could ever release to the
that we could ever release to the
that we could ever release to the atmosphere if we wanted to avoid
atmosphere if we wanted to avoid
atmosphere if we wanted to avoid catastrophic warming but adaptation
catastrophic warming but adaptation
catastrophic warming but adaptation living with climate change it doesn’t
living with climate change it doesn’t
living with climate change it doesn’t have that clarity
have that clarity
have that clarity we do not have a toolbox of technologies
we do not have a toolbox of technologies
we do not have a toolbox of technologies ready to go we don’t know even how much
ready to go we don’t know even how much
ready to go we don’t know even how much adaptation we need and how or where to
adaptation we need and how or where to
adaptation we need and how or where to deploy it and that is exactly why you
deploy it and that is exactly why you
deploy it and that is exactly why you should be hearing much more about
should be hearing much more about
should be hearing much more about climate change adaptation because we
climate change adaptation because we
climate change adaptation because we need to figure out that math we need to
need to figure out that math we need to
need to figure out that math we need to design this plans and we need to to
design this plans and we need to to
design this plans and we need to to craft the strategies that we’re going to
craft the strategies that we’re going to
craft the strategies that we’re going to deploy everywhere around the world in
deploy everywhere around the world in
deploy everywhere around the world in fact how we live with climate change
fact how we live with climate change
fact how we live with climate change will define the rest of our lives now
will define the rest of our lives now
will define the rest of our lives now how does a biologist myself I’m a
how does a biologist myself I’m a
how does a biologist myself I’m a biologist why am I here talking about
biologist why am I here talking about
biologist why am I here talking about this other side of climate change how
this other side of climate change how
this other side of climate change how did I get to be interested in adaptation
did I get to be interested in adaptation
did I get to be interested in adaptation I got there by studying butterflies and
I got there by studying butterflies and
I got there by studying butterflies and specifically this creature this is the
specifically this creature this is the
specifically this creature this is the bait Checkerspot butterfly it lives in
bait Checkerspot butterfly it lives in
bait Checkerspot butterfly it lives in the San Francisco Bay Area it’s an
the San Francisco Bay Area it’s an
the San Francisco Bay Area it’s an endangered species and at one time one
endangered species and at one time one
endangered species and at one time one of the healthiest populations of this
of the healthiest populations of this
of the healthiest populations of this butterfly lived at a place called the
butterfly lived at a place called the
butterfly lived at a place called the Jasper Ridge biological Preserve but the
Jasper Ridge biological Preserve but the
Jasper Ridge biological Preserve but the number of butterflies at Jasper Ridge
number of butterflies at Jasper Ridge
number of butterflies at Jasper Ridge declined from thousands of individuals
declined from thousands of individuals
declined from thousands of individuals all the way down to zero in hot and dry
all the way down to zero in hot and dry
all the way down to zero in hot and dry years happening in sequence where the
years happening in sequence where the
years happening in sequence where the final nail in the Checkerspot coffin and
final nail in the Checkerspot coffin and
final nail in the Checkerspot coffin and the butterfly went extinct every year
the butterfly went extinct every year
the butterfly went extinct every year these butterflies are in a race against
these butterflies are in a race against
these butterflies are in a race against time and they feed on a host plant that
time and they feed on a host plant that
time and they feed on a host plant that dries up each summer but one thing that
dries up each summer but one thing that
dries up each summer but one thing that I found as a young scientist is that
I found as a young scientist is that
I found as a young scientist is that there’s another less common food plant
there’s another less common food plant
there’s another less common food plant that lasts a little bit longer each
that lasts a little bit longer each
that lasts a little bit longer each summer and we discovered that if the
summer and we discovered that if the
summer and we discovered that if the butterfly eats this less common but
butterfly eats this less common but
butterfly eats this less common but longer-lasting plant it does better
longer-lasting plant it does better
longer-lasting plant it does better under extreme years so for us this was a
under extreme years so for us this was a
under extreme years so for us this was a ha ha
ha ha
ha ha moment that is a possible adaptation
moment that is a possible adaptation
moment that is a possible adaptation strategy it is possible to manipulate
strategy it is possible to manipulate
strategy it is possible to manipulate the habitat of this butterfly by
the habitat of this butterfly by
the habitat of this butterfly by encouraging that longer-lasting plant as
encouraging that longer-lasting plant as
encouraging that longer-lasting plant as a method of making it a little less
a method of making it a little less
a method of making it a little less sensitive to climate extremes an
sensitive to climate extremes an
sensitive to climate extremes an adaptation strategy this was my first
adaptation strategy this was my first
adaptation strategy this was my first glimpse at him at a way of manipulating
glimpse at him at a way of manipulating
glimpse at him at a way of manipulating conditions to make things a bit better
conditions to make things a bit better
conditions to make things a bit better that butterfly is one small example of a
that butterfly is one small example of a
that butterfly is one small example of a large type of adaptation manipulating
large type of adaptation manipulating
large type of adaptation manipulating local conditions to reduce the effects
local conditions to reduce the effects
local conditions to reduce the effects of climate change but that strategy
of climate change but that strategy
of climate change but that strategy might not be enough if the climate
might not be enough if the climate
might not be enough if the climate changes too fast or too much
changes too fast or too much
changes too fast or too much we might need additional strategies so
we might need additional strategies so
we might need additional strategies so let me introduce you to another
let me introduce you to another
let me introduce you to another butterfly this is the Karner blue
butterfly this is the Karner blue
butterfly this is the Karner blue butterfly it’s also an endangered
butterfly it’s also an endangered
butterfly it’s also an endangered species
species
species it lives these black dots that are
it lives these black dots that are
it lives these black dots that are scattered across the Great Lakes States
scattered across the Great Lakes States
scattered across the Great Lakes States and in the Northeast but the climate
and in the Northeast but the climate
and in the Northeast but the climate preferred by the Karner blue butterfly
preferred by the Karner blue butterfly
preferred by the Karner blue butterfly is on the move the conditions at these
is on the move the conditions at these
is on the move the conditions at these black dots are headed north and through
black dots are headed north and through
black dots are headed north and through the coming decades the climate suitable
the coming decades the climate suitable
the coming decades the climate suitable for the Karner will be in these green
for the Karner will be in these green
for the Karner will be in these green areas and by the 2080 the distance
areas and by the 2080 the distance
areas and by the 2080 the distance between the black dots and that green
between the black dots and that green
between the black dots and that green shading will be three to four hundred
shading will be three to four hundred
shading will be three to four hundred miles and that is a really long way for
miles and that is a really long way for
miles and that is a really long way for a little butterfly to fly if we don’t
a little butterfly to fly if we don’t
a little butterfly to fly if we don’t help the Karner keep up with that
help the Karner keep up with that
help the Karner keep up with that changing climate if we don’t help it
changing climate if we don’t help it
changing climate if we don’t help it move hundreds of miles we could lose it
move hundreds of miles we could lose it
move hundreds of miles we could lose it entirely so that is another possible
entirely so that is another possible
entirely so that is another possible adaptation strategy helping things move
adaptation strategy helping things move
adaptation strategy helping things move how do we help things move
how do we help things move
how do we help things move we could build pathways and corridors
we could build pathways and corridors
we could build pathways and corridors that make the landscape more permeable
that make the landscape more permeable
that make the landscape more permeable to natural migration we can also how
to natural migration we can also how
to natural migration we can also how carry things to where they need to be
carry things to where they need to be
carry things to where they need to be that’s something called assisted
that’s something called assisted
that’s something called assisted migration humans can carry a little
migration humans can carry a little
migration humans can carry a little butterfly a lot farther and faster than
butterfly a lot farther and faster than
butterfly a lot farther and faster than it can move on its own we might have to
it can move on its own we might have to
it can move on its own we might have to help things over a barrier like the San
help things over a barrier like the San
help things over a barrier like the San Francisco Bay for the endangered rodent
Francisco Bay for the endangered rodent
Francisco Bay for the endangered rodent in this Boston Globe cartoon but
in this Boston Globe cartoon but
in this Boston Globe cartoon but butterflies and other creatures are just
butterflies and other creatures are just
butterflies and other creatures are just part of climate change adaptation we
part of climate change adaptation we
part of climate change adaptation we have to help people – and like the
have to help people – and like the
have to help people – and like the Karner blue butterfly people can be
Karner blue butterfly people can be
Karner blue butterfly people can be stranded by climate change in fact we
stranded by climate change in fact we
stranded by climate change in fact we already see people moving away from
already see people moving away from
already see people moving away from areas that are experiencing climate
areas that are experiencing climate
areas that are experiencing climate stress in 2015 half a million people
stress in 2015 half a million people
stress in 2015 half a million people cross the Mediterranean – southern
cross the Mediterranean – southern
cross the Mediterranean – southern Europe and thousands perished along the
Europe and thousands perished along the
Europe and thousands perished along the way the flow of refugees from Africa and
way the flow of refugees from Africa and
way the flow of refugees from Africa and the Middle East could grow to tens of
the Middle East could grow to tens of
the Middle East could grow to tens of millions within the coming decades due
millions within the coming decades due
millions within the coming decades due to crop failures and water shortages
to crop failures and water shortages
to crop failures and water shortages caused by climate change and those
caused by climate change and those
caused by climate change and those numbers tens of millions are very very
numbers tens of millions are very very
numbers tens of millions are very very scary but international migration can
scary but international migration can
scary but international migration can reduce the vulnerability of people to
reduce the vulnerability of people to
reduce the vulnerability of people to climate change in fact if you take
climate change in fact if you take
climate change in fact if you take recent data over the last five years
recent data over the last five years
recent data over the last five years migration data of people and you compare
migration data of people and you compare
migration data of people and you compare that to a measure of vulnerability to
that to a measure of vulnerability to
that to a measure of vulnerability to climate change you actually find that
climate change you actually find that
climate change you actually find that recent migration reduced the risk of
recent migration reduced the risk of
recent migration reduced the risk of climate change to people by 15% so just
climate change to people by 15% so just
climate change to people by 15% so just like movement for the Karner blue
like movement for the Karner blue
like movement for the Karner blue butterfly human migration can be an
butterfly human migration can be an
butterfly human migration can be an effective strategy effective adaptation
effective strategy effective adaptation
effective strategy effective adaptation strategy – if it’s managed well handled
strategy – if it’s managed well handled
strategy – if it’s managed well handled well of course
now which strategy is best managing a
now which strategy is best managing a habitat facilitating migration or any
habitat facilitating migration or any
habitat facilitating migration or any other strategy is depends on the
other strategy is depends on the
other strategy is depends on the situation it depends what you’re trying
situation it depends what you’re trying
situation it depends what you’re trying to achieve and what you are trying to
to achieve and what you are trying to
to achieve and what you are trying to protect or save like medication that you
protect or save like medication that you
protect or save like medication that you would take for a disease adaptation will
would take for a disease adaptation will
would take for a disease adaptation will have side effects when you take
have side effects when you take
have side effects when you take medication you take it when the benefits
medication you take it when the benefits
medication you take it when the benefits are high and the side effects are low
are high and the side effects are low
are high and the side effects are low and that’s exactly what we should do for
and that’s exactly what we should do for
and that’s exactly what we should do for adaptation – problem is oftentimes we
adaptation – problem is oftentimes we
adaptation – problem is oftentimes we don’t yet know what those side effects
don’t yet know what those side effects
don’t yet know what those side effects are or how large the side effects could
are or how large the side effects could
are or how large the side effects could be but there are some cases where those
be but there are some cases where those
be but there are some cases where those side effects are particularly big and
side effects are particularly big and
side effects are particularly big and important here’s one example if we are
important here’s one example if we are
important here’s one example if we are to fight against heat waves with air
to fight against heat waves with air
to fight against heat waves with air conditioning that’s powered by fossil
conditioning that’s powered by fossil
conditioning that’s powered by fossil fuels the side effect more climate
fuels the side effect more climate
fuels the side effect more climate change that is not a good adaptation
change that is not a good adaptation
change that is not a good adaptation strategy a better strategy would be to
strategy a better strategy would be to
strategy a better strategy would be to use a method that has fewer side effects
use a method that has fewer side effects
use a method that has fewer side effects or maybe even positive side effects so
or maybe even positive side effects so
or maybe even positive side effects so for example we could use green roofs or
for example we could use green roofs or
for example we could use green roofs or green space to reduce the effects of
green space to reduce the effects of
green space to reduce the effects of extreme heat green roofs take the edge
extreme heat green roofs take the edge
extreme heat green roofs take the edge off those hot days and they reduce more
off those hot days and they reduce more
off those hot days and they reduce more to the risk of mortality and other human
to the risk of mortality and other human
to the risk of mortality and other human illnesses and they reduce energy demand
illnesses and they reduce energy demand
illnesses and they reduce energy demand to buildings so this would count as a
to buildings so this would count as a
to buildings so this would count as a smarter adaptation strategy we are just
smarter adaptation strategy we are just
smarter adaptation strategy we are just beginning to scratch the surface of this
beginning to scratch the surface of this
beginning to scratch the surface of this climate adaptation about what works and
climate adaptation about what works and
climate adaptation about what works and what doesn’t work and what the side
what doesn’t work and what the side
what doesn’t work and what the side effects would be and how big those side
effects would be and how big those side
effects would be and how big those side effects could be even if we stop climate
effects could be even if we stop climate
effects could be even if we stop climate change now we will have to adapt
change now we will have to adapt
change now we will have to adapt everywhere around the world and the more
everywhere around the world and the more
everywhere around the world and the more climate change we allow the more
climate change we allow the more
climate change we allow the more adaptation will need recent UN estimates
adaptation will need recent UN estimates
adaptation will need recent UN estimates suggest
suggest
suggest that adaptation could cost 500 billion
that adaptation could cost 500 billion
that adaptation could cost 500 billion dollars every year by 2050 that’s
dollars every year by 2050 that’s
dollars every year by 2050 that’s billion with a B and there are limits to
billion with a B and there are limits to
billion with a B and there are limits to adaptation of course adaptation could be
adaptation of course adaptation could be
adaptation of course adaptation could be very useful helpful to some species and
very useful helpful to some species and
very useful helpful to some species and to some people but not all with large
to some people but not all with large
to some people but not all with large climate change no atom there’s no
climate change no atom there’s no
climate change no atom there’s no annotation that will save ice for the
annotation that will save ice for the
annotation that will save ice for the polar bear but this is what I do know I
polar bear but this is what I do know I
polar bear but this is what I do know I know that what we need is a new
know that what we need is a new
know that what we need is a new generation of scientists policymakers
generation of scientists policymakers
generation of scientists policymakers aid workers and volunteers to tackle
aid workers and volunteers to tackle
aid workers and volunteers to tackle adaptation because those people are
adaptation because those people are
adaptation because those people are needed to put interventions in place
needed to put interventions in place
needed to put interventions in place everywhere around the world we need
everywhere around the world we need
everywhere around the world we need those people to design and build
those people to design and build
those people to design and build mangroves to protect coastal communities
mangroves to protect coastal communities
mangroves to protect coastal communities for example and my ten-year-old daughter
for example and my ten-year-old daughter
for example and my ten-year-old daughter is going to be one of those people
is going to be one of those people
is going to be one of those people because living with climate change will
because living with climate change will
because living with climate change will be a persistent feature of her entire
be a persistent feature of her entire
be a persistent feature of her entire life and though we are just a tiny
life and though we are just a tiny
life and though we are just a tiny planet in a massive universe the changes
planet in a massive universe the changes
planet in a massive universe the changes that we are causing have significant
that we are causing have significant
that we are causing have significant implications and big consequences for
implications and big consequences for
implications and big consequences for people and for nature and unless we find
people and for nature and unless we find
people and for nature and unless we find some other habitable planet we’re going
some other habitable planet we’re going
some other habitable planet we’re going to have to live on this one and so I
to have to live on this one and so I
to have to live on this one and so I want us to continue talking about how to
want us to continue talking about how to
want us to continue talking about how to stop climate change we need to we have
stop climate change we need to we have
stop climate change we need to we have the technologies and we know how much of
the technologies and we know how much of
the technologies and we know how much of that technology is necessary we need to
that technology is necessary we need to
that technology is necessary we need to get that done we need to get it done now
get that done we need to get it done now
get that done we need to get it done now but we also need to be talking about the
but we also need to be talking about the
but we also need to be talking about the other side of climate change adaptation
other side of climate change adaptation
other side of climate change adaptation it needs much more of our attention our
it needs much more of our attention our
it needs much more of our attention our planet needs a generation of
planet needs a generation of
planet needs a generation of adaptation doctors who will treat the
adaptation doctors who will treat the
adaptation doctors who will treat the symptoms of this climate change disease
symptoms of this climate change disease
symptoms of this climate change disease and this new generation won’t just be
and this new generation won’t just be
and this new generation won’t just be saving butterflies or only aiding
saving butterflies or only aiding
saving butterflies or only aiding refugees they will be saving life on
refugees they will be saving life on
refugees they will be saving life on earth and billions of lives and
earth and billions of lives and
earth and billions of lives and livelihoods and millions of plants and
livelihoods and millions of plants and
livelihoods and millions of plants and animal species are counting on them
animal species are counting on them
animal species are counting on them thank you
thank you
thank you [Applause]
[Applause]
[Applause] [Music]
[Music]
[Music] [Applause]
”
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